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1、2022山西考研英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Text 1 Improving the balanc
2、e between the working part of the day and the rest of it is a goal of a growing number of workers in rich Western countries. Some are turning away from the ideals of their parents, for whom work always came first; others with scarce skills are demanding more because they know they can get it. Employ
3、ers, Caught between a falling population of workers and tight controls on immigration, are eager to identify extra perks that will lure more talent their way. Just now they are focusing on benefits (especially flexible working) that offer employees more than just pay. Some companies saw the change o
4、f mood some time ago. IBM has more than 50 different programmes promoting work-life balance and Bank of America over 30. But plenty of other firms remain unconvinced and many lack the capacity to cater to such ideas even if they wanted to. Helen Muftis, with Hay Group, a human-resources consultancy,
5、 sees a widening gap between firms at the creative end of employment and those that are not. The chief component of almost all schemes to promote work-life balance is flexible working. This allows people to escape rigid nine-to-five schedules and work away from a formal office. IBM says that 40% of
6、its employees today work off the company premises. For many businesses, flexible working is a necessity. Globalization has spread the hours in which workers need to communicate with each other and increased the call for flexible shifts. Nella Barkley, an American who advises companies on work-life b
7、alance, says that large firms ale beginning to understand the value of such schemes, but only slowly. For most of them, they still mean little more than child care, health care and flexible working. To some extent, the proliferation of work-life-balance schemes is a function of today’s labour
8、market. Companies in knowledge, based industries worry about the shortage of skills and how they are going to persuade talented people to work for them. Although white-collar workers are more likely to be laid off nowadays, they are also likely to get rehired. Unemployment among college graduates in
9、 America is just over 2%. The same competition for scarce. talent is evident in Britain. For some time to come, talented people in the West will demand more from employers, and clever employers will create new gewgaws to entice them to join. Those employers should note that for a growing number of t
10、hese workers the most appealing gewgaw of all is the freedom to work as and when they please.Employees are demanding more from their employers because（）Athey always put their work as the first thing in life.Bthey are pursuing a more balanced lifestyle.Cthey are equipped with special skills.Dthey are
11、 focusing on benefits more than their salary.2.Text 3 Scientists Johan Feenstra and Rob Hayes think they’ve figured out how a process called electrowetting can make paper that can do anything a videoscreen does. So far, though, all they’ve got to show for their efforts is a tiny piece of
12、 e-paper one centimeter square-only 225 pixels, or picture elements. That won’t be nearly enough for headlines and news videos. The only hint of the technology’s potential is a laptop presentation the inventors have set up. It features Professor Shape, Harry Potter’s teacher, holdi
13、ng an electronic newspaper with an embedded video clip. That’s what we want, says Hayes. They’re likely to get it. Late last month in Tokyo, Sony took an important leap in this direction by introducing Librie, an e-book reader. Although it’s available only in black and white, Libri
14、e has the most important characteristic of paper: it reflects natural light. That means it can be read on sunny days or viewed from any angle. You can even choose your own font size. Is this finally the beginning of the end of paper The answer is closer to yes than you may think. The holdup so far h
15、as been user-unfriendly screens, but now e-paper no longer relies on back-lit displays. A reflective display is easy on the eyes, with twice the contrast of computer screens and up to six times the brightness. It uses power only when changing the page, so a battery can last 300 hours. Several firms
16、are competing for leader ship. The Philip’s display on Librie uses technology from Massachusetts-based E-Ink Corp. An electric charge moves either black or white capsules to the surface of the page in patterns that form images. Gyricon Media uses rotating balls with one black side and one whit
17、e side for signs and bill boards. Other companies are focusing on improvements in liquid-crystal displays. The next challenge is to add color. One option for books would be a simple color filter, but that would block two thirds of the light. Guofu Zhou, who runs the E-Ink project for Philips, thinks
18、 products with colored ink can be ready for the market within seven years. He’s now focusing on e-paper that can display 16 or more gradations of gray, which would come in handy in medical imaging or to display black-and-white photographs at home. Labs around the world are also racing to desig
19、n a robust yet flexible backing. Philips researchers are working on a technology for laminating E-Ink on a plastic layer instead of glass, which would then roll into a pen-sized tube. A flexible product for mobile phones and digital cameras can be ready in three to five years.Guofu Zhou would probab
20、ly agree that（）Aadding a color filter will be a simple solution.Bcolored ink remains a tough problem.Ce-paper will be adopted both in the office and at home.Dthe obstacle now is the user-unfriendly screens.3.Text 4 My very educated mother just served us nine pizzas. Many American school children are
21、 taught this sentence to help them remember the order of the planets of the solar system. Soon though, this may change because, on July 29th, a team of astronomers announced the discovery of a very distant celestial body larger than Pluto. The researchers claim that the new body-which they are infor
22、mally calling Xena-should be classified as a planet. The new body-temporarily named 2003UB313-orbits the Sun once every 560 years. It is currently over 14 billion kilometres away, about three times farther out than Pluto, making it the most distant object ever discovered in the solar system. The res
23、earchers think it is part of the Kuiper belt, a ring of rocky objects that extends beyond Neptune. Mike Brown of the California Institute of Technology, Chad Trujillo of the Gemini Observatory and David Rabino witz of Yale University discovered the object in data recorded at the Palomar Ob servatory
24、 in San Diego in October 2003, but its motion did not become apparent until they reanalysed the data in January 2005. The question of whether or not the new body should be considered a planet has rekindled the de bate over what exactly counts as a planet. A handful of objects of similar size to, but
25、 smaller than, Pluto have been discovered in the Kuiper belt over the past few years. These have not been considered planets, mainly because they were smaller than Pluto. But 2003 UB313 is larger than Pluto. If Pluto is a planet, shouldn’t it be as well The case is not so clear cut. Many astro
26、nomers argue that Pluto should not be considered a plan et. It is more like a large asteroid, they hold. Meanwhile, Dr Brown asserts that as Pluto has historically been considered a planet, anything larger should also be considered one. Ultimately, the International Astronomical Union, a group of pr
27、ofessional astronomers, will end this existential anxiety. Dr Brown expects the process to take months, and the team is not allowed to reveal its suggested name until then. Since most Greek and Roman names have already been used, he and his colleagues have previously drawn upon Native American and I
28、nuit mythology for names. He will only hint that the new name comes from a different tradition altogether. Time will tell whether mother will be serving nine polished xylophones, nine pizzas or just noodles.In which case will mother be serving noodles（）AThe new planet is named after noodles.BThe new
29、 object is not counted as a planet.CBoth Pluto and the new object are not counted as planet.DBoth Pluto and the new object are counted as planet.4.Text 3 Scientists Johan Feenstra and Rob Hayes think they’ve figured out how a process called electrowetting can make paper that can do anything a
30、videoscreen does. So far, though, all they’ve got to show for their efforts is a tiny piece of e-paper one centimeter square-only 225 pixels, or picture elements. That won’t be nearly enough for headlines and news videos. The only hint of the technology’s potential is a laptop pres
31、entation the inventors have set up. It features Professor Shape, Harry Potter’s teacher, holding an electronic newspaper with an embedded video clip. That’s what we want, says Hayes. They’re likely to get it. Late last month in Tokyo, Sony took an important leap in this direction b
32、y introducing Librie, an e-book reader. Although it’s available only in black and white, Librie has the most important characteristic of paper: it reflects natural light. That means it can be read on sunny days or viewed from any angle. You can even choose your own font size. Is this finally t
33、he beginning of the end of paper The answer is closer to yes than you may think. The holdup so far has been user-unfriendly screens, but now e-paper no longer relies on back-lit displays. A reflective display is easy on the eyes, with twice the contrast of computer screens and up to six times the br
34、ightness. It uses power only when changing the page, so a battery can last 300 hours. Several firms are competing for leader ship. The Philip’s display on Librie uses technology from Massachusetts-based E-Ink Corp. An electric charge moves either black or white capsules to the surface of the p
35、age in patterns that form images. Gyricon Media uses rotating balls with one black side and one white side for signs and bill boards. Other companies are focusing on improvements in liquid-crystal displays. The next challenge is to add color. One option for books would be a simple color filter, but
36、that would block two thirds of the light. Guofu Zhou, who runs the E-Ink project for Philips, thinks products with colored ink can be ready for the market within seven years. He’s now focusing on e-paper that can display 16 or more gradations of gray, which would come in handy in medical imagi
37、ng or to display black-and-white photographs at home. Labs around the world are also racing to design a robust yet flexible backing. Philips researchers are working on a technology for laminating E-Ink on a plastic layer instead of glass, which would then roll into a pen-sized tube. A flexible produ
38、ct for mobile phones and digital cameras can be ready in three to five years.The answer is closer to yes (Line 1, Paragraph 3) because（）Athe back-lit displays is already sophisticated.Bthe Philip's display has the latest E-Ink technology.CGyricon Media has rotating balls technology.Dthe technolo
39、gy barrier is about to be removed.5.Text 4 My very educated mother just served us nine pizzas. Many American school children are taught this sentence to help them remember the order of the planets of the solar system. Soon though, this may change because, on July 29th, a team of astronomers announce
40、d the discovery of a very distant celestial body larger than Pluto. The researchers claim that the new body-which they are informally calling Xena-should be classified as a planet. The new body-temporarily named 2003UB313-orbits the Sun once every 560 years. It is currently over 14 billion kilometre
41、s away, about three times farther out than Pluto, making it the most distant object ever discovered in the solar system. The researchers think it is part of the Kuiper belt, a ring of rocky objects that extends beyond Neptune. Mike Brown of the California Institute of Technology, Chad Trujillo of th
42、e Gemini Observatory and David Rabino witz of Yale University discovered the object in data recorded at the Palomar Ob servatory in San Diego in October 2003, but its motion did not become apparent until they reanalysed the data in January 2005. The question of whether or not the new body should be
43、considered a planet has rekindled the de bate over what exactly counts as a planet. A handful of objects of similar size to, but smaller than, Pluto have been discovered in the Kuiper belt over the past few years. These have not been considered planets, mainly because they were smaller than Pluto. B
44、ut 2003 UB313 is larger than Pluto. If Pluto is a planet, shouldn’t it be as well The case is not so clear cut. Many astronomers argue that Pluto should not be considered a plan et. It is more like a large asteroid, they hold. Meanwhile, Dr Brown asserts that as Pluto has historically been con
45、sidered a planet, anything larger should also be considered one. Ultimately, the International Astronomical Union, a group of professional astronomers, will end this existential anxiety. Dr Brown expects the process to take months, and the team is not allowed to reveal its suggested name until then.
46、 Since most Greek and Roman names have already been used, he and his colleagues have previously drawn upon Native American and Inuit mythology for names. He will only hint that the new name comes from a different tradition altogether. Time will tell whether mother will be serving nine polished xylop
47、hones, nine pizzas or just noodles.According to the passage, when was the new planet first detected（）AOn July 29th, 2005.BIn October 2003.CIn January 2005.DOn March 13th, 2003.6.Text 4 My very educated mother just served us nine pizzas. Many American school children are taught this sentence to help
48、them remember the order of the planets of the solar system. Soon though, this may change because, on July 29th, a team of astronomers announced the discovery of a very distant celestial body larger than Pluto. The researchers claim that the new body-which they are informally calling Xena-should be c
49、lassified as a planet. The new body-temporarily named 2003UB313-orbits the Sun once every 560 years. It is currently over 14 billion kilometres away, about three times farther out than Pluto, making it the most distant object ever discovered in the solar system. The researchers think it is part of the Kuiper belt, a ring of rocky objects that extends beyond Neptune. Mike Brown of the California Institute of Technology, Chad Trujillo of the Gemini Observator