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1、2022安徽同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The National Education Association claims. The school bus is a mirror of the community. They further add that, unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a cho
2、sen community. They are right-sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl. Bruce Hardy, school bus driver for Althouse BUS Company, has been Liesls bus driver since kindergarten. Last year when Liesls family moved to Parkesbu
3、rg, knowing her bus went by her new residence, she requested to ride the same bus. This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year, riding the bus. She says, Its been a great ride so far ! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener. Sometimes when youre a
4、 child adults do not think that what you have to say is important. Mr. Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important. Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree. Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 y
5、ears working for Althouse Bus Company, Larry Althouso, president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardys outstanding record . You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record. He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School
6、 Bus Association for driving 350 000 accident free miles. Hardys reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus. Althouse further adds, Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever s
7、ince. My grandfather started the business with one bus. Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come. Three generations of busin
8、ess is not all the company has enjoyed. Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy, they have been building relationships through generations, Liesls mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardys bus to the Octorara School District.The word mirror in the first line could be best replaced by
9、_.AvehicleBdeviceCneedDreflection 2.Despite not being terribly smart as individuals, wasp (黄蜂) colonies build and maintain a complex nest that lasts many generations. Just how these social wasps coordinate this task has always been a mystery. But now a mathematical model suggests that one key factor
10、 drives their behavior: the amount of water in the nest. Social wasps cannot learn from one anotherunlike bees, which use a complex dance to tell nest mates where sources of nectar (花蜜) are. Nor do they use pheromones (信息素) the way ants do to lead other ants to food. Robert Jeanne of the University
11、of Wisconsin-Madison proposed that wasps set up a demand-driven chain of information. At the end of the chain, builder wasps monitor the nest and when necessary, request pulp from pulp forager wasps. They in turn demand water from water foragers in order to make the pulp. But biologist Istvan Karsai
12、 of East Tennessee State University in Johnson City, Tennessee, and his team found that social wasps in Panama dont actually work that way. They removed either builders or pulp foragers from a colony of a species called Metapolybia aztecoides. Although that should break up the so-called information
13、chain, it did not significantly alter the amount of water being brought into the nest. They also found that the wasps could change roles, something that Jeanne didnt expert. For instance, when the researchers sprayed a surplus of water onto the nest, water foragers quickly became builders, and nest
14、building increased. Based on their observations, Karsais team developed a mathematical model that shows that wasps achieve their complex behaviour simply by monitoring the level of water in the nestwhat he calls thecommon stomach of the colony. He believes wasps infer what the level is when they exc
15、hange fluids on meeting each other, a behaviour called trophallaxis that is common in many social insects. To test the model, Karsai simulated changes in the model colony, for example by removing pulp foragers or builders. Whats interesting is that in every case the model responds like the actual co
16、lony in Panama, says Karsai.According to the passage wasps _.Aare very smart as individualsBare able to build and maintain complex nestsCdrink more water than scientists have expectedDcan learn from each other just like the bees 3.Have you ever felt your life go into slow motion as you realize somet
17、hing bad is happening You might have just knocked over a wine glass or noticed a car hurtling towards you, for example. Now scientists have measured exactly how much these attention-grabbing(引人注意的)events slow down our perception of the world around us. Another example of the world appearing to slow
18、down is when you are hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end. If your attention wanders while youre waiting, then suddenly switches back,you will probably hear what seems like a longer than usual silence before hearing the dialling tone again. For you, time will have mom
19、entarily slowed. To see how our perception of time changes when something new happens, Vincent Walsh and his colleagues put headphones on volunteers and played eight beeps to their right ears. The gap between each beep was exactly i second, except for the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps, whic
20、h the scientists could make shorter or longer. They altered the length of this gap until the volunteers estimated it was the same length as the other gaps. The researchers found that, on average, people judge a second slightly short, at 955 milliseconds. In the second part of the experiment, the fir
21、st four beeps were played to the subjects right ear, but the other four were then played to their left. Again, the volunteers were asked to estimate when the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps was the same as the others. This time they judged a second to be even shorter at 825 milliseconds long.
22、 Perceiving a second to be much shorter than it is makes you feel as though the world has gone into slow motion, since less happens in that slice of time. Walsh thinks the effect could have evolved to give us a fraction more time to react to potentially threatening events. Last year, Kielan Yarrow,
23、a British psychologist found a similar effect with vision. When you glance at a clock, the first second will seem longer than it really is. Yarrows results showed that time appeared to slow down by a similar amount as Walsh found. Previous studies have shown that cooling the body slows down our perc
24、eption of time while warming it up has the opposite effect.After you noticed a car hurtling towards you, you might feel that _.Athe world around you had slowed downBsomething bad was going to happenClife had suddenly become meaninglessDpeoples life was so fragile 4.A nocturnal(夜间活动的)moth has become
25、the first animal known to see colours in the dead of night. The moth uses this visual talent to find yellow, nectar-packed flowers in the dark, but the finding suggests that other, species also use colour vision at night. Nocturnal moths were thought to find flowers by looking for bright petals agai
26、nst a darker, leafy background. This difference in brightness explains why a yellow flower stands out from green leaves on a black and white photo. To test this idea, researchers at Lund University in Sweden trained nocturnal elephant hawkmoths(豆天蛾)to pick out yellow or blue artificial flowers from
27、eight other flowers of varying shades of grey. They then made moths perform the trick in conditions as dark as a starry but moonless night. The researchers expected the moths to do badly, but to their surprise the insects picked the correct flower 90 per cent of the time. But the moths could not dis
28、tinguish between lighter and darker shades of a coloured flower, even though they could still tell both from grey. This tells us its not a brightness-related cue,” says Almut Kelber, the sensory biologist leading the Lund team. They could only have used the spectral(光谱的)composition of the signalswhi
29、ch we call colour. The moths use three separate colour receptors: blue, green and ultraviolet. At night, that leaves so little light per receptor that the insects should be almost blind. But hawkmoths have a host of adaptations to compensate. One is a mirror-like structure at the base of the eye, wh
30、ich reflects the light across the photoreceptors for a second time. The structure of the compound eye also allows each facet to supplement the light that strikes it with light from as many as 600 others. Kelber suspects that many other insects, and some higher animals, also use colour vision at nigh
31、t. She plans to look for the ability in nocturnal frogs and toads that use colour to choose their mate. Why not she asks. At night there are just as many colours as during the day.Which of the following might be the most appropriate title for this passageAHow animals see things at night.BMoththe onl
32、y creature to see things at night.CMoths use color to see flowers at night.DHow many colors can moths see at night. 5.Man: If I dont find my wallet pretty soon, I have to report it stolen. Woman: Hold on! Before you call the campus security office, have you checked your Car, all your jacket pockets
33、everywhere Question: What does the woman suggest the man doAKeep looking for his wallet.BReport the theft of the wallet right away.CPut his wallet in his jacket pocket.DBe more careful with his wallet. 6.By 2010, half the recoverable material in Britains dustbins will be recycledthat, at least, was
34、the target set by Chris Patten, Secretary of State for the Environment. But he gave no clues as to how Britain should go about achieving it. While recycling enthusiasts debate the relative merits of different collection systems, it will largely be new technology, and the opening up of new markets, t
35、hat makes Pattens target attainable: a recycling scheme is successful only if manufacturers use the recovered materials in new products that people want to buy. The first question is how best to separate clean elementglass containers, plastics, and some paper and metal containers that is relatively
36、clean when discardedfrom mixed refuse. This clean element is the main target for Britains recyclers. The method of collection is important because manufacturers will not reuse collected material unless it is clean and available in sufficient quantities. A bewildering assortment of different collecti
37、on schemes operates in the rest of Europe, and pilot schemes are now under way in many British cities. A realistic target for recycling mixed refuse is somewhere between 15 and 25 percent by weight, according to researchers at the Department of Trade and Industrys Laboratory. Statistics compiled by
38、researchers at the University of East Anglia show that Britain could almost halve the total weight of domestic waste going to landfill by a combination of collect” schemes(such as doorstep collections for newspapers),bring” schemes(such as bottle banks)and plants for extracting metals. This estimate
39、 makes two important assumptions. One is that the government will bring in legislation to encourage the creation, of markets for products made from recycled materials, especially glass, paper and plastics. The other is that industry will continue to introduce new technology that will improve both th
40、e products and the techniques used to separate recoverable materials from mixed refuse.Which of the following can serve as a proper title for the passageAAn Impossible TargetBGovernment AssumptionsCRecycling BritainDCategories of Britains Waste 7.The National Education Association claims. The school
41、 bus is a mirror of the community. They further add that, unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community. They are right-sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl. Bruc
42、e Hardy, school bus driver for Althouse BUS Company, has been Liesls bus driver since kindergarten. Last year when Liesls family moved to Parkesburg, knowing her bus went by her new residence, she requested to ride the same bus. This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year, riding the bu
43、s. She says, Its been a great ride so far ! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener. Sometimes when youre a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important. Mr. Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important. Her frie
44、nds Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree. Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company, Larry Althouso, president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardys outstanding record . You do not come by employe
45、es like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record. He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350 000 accident free miles. Hardys reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the student
46、s that ride his bus. Althouse further adds, Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since. My grandfather started the business with one bus. Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to
47、 our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come. Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed. Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy, they have been building relationships through generations, Liesls mother Carol
48、 also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardys bus to the Octorara School District.Why Liesl and her friends treat Bruce Hardy, their school bus driver as a good friendABecause Hardy is good at driving.BBecause Hardy has been their school bus driver for many years.CBecause Hardy is willing to listen to them and make them feel important.DBecause Hardy has a perfect driving recor 8.Have you ever felt your life go into slow motion as you realize something bad is happening You might have just knocked over a wine glass or noticed a car hurtling t