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1、名词性从句名词性从句主语主语+be+表语表语 主语主语+do+宾语宾语 名名 词词 名名 词词 主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teac
2、her.主语主语谓语谓语宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语谓语谓语同位语从句同位语从句主语主语系动词系动词表语从句表语从句We all know that he is a famous singer .That he is a famous singer is known to us all.We all know the fact that he is a famous singer.The fact is that he is a famous singer.宾语宾语1）从属连词）从属连词that只引导，本身无意义，仅起只引导，本身无意义，仅起引导作用。（引导宾语从句
3、时引导作用。（引导宾语从句时省，但是如省，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个）果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个）2）连接代词）连接代词who,whom,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等，有意义，作成分等，有意义，作成分3）连接副词）连接副词where,when,how,why等，有意义，等，有意义，在句中作状语在句中作状语4）从属连词）从属连词if,whether（是否）（是否）(if 只能引导动只能引导动词、形容词之后的宾语从句词、形容词之后的宾语从句) 1._he said has nothing to do with you.2.
4、_well start tomorrow will be told soon.3. _he did such a thing satisfied me.4_ we can protect cultural relics needs to be discussed.whatwhenThatHow二、当that前面有插入语时，that不宜省略。Little Alice didnt know, Im sure, that her sister was going to America. 我确信，小艾丽斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美国了。 三、当that 宾语从句前有 it作其形式宾语时，that不可省
5、略。We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.我们认为大学生至少掌握一门外语是很重要的。 四、当引导同位语从句时，that一般不可省略，尤其当that与先行词处于分割情况时。He heard the news that his team had won. 他听到了他的队获胜的消息。 There is a feeling in me that they are cheating me. 我有一种感觉他们在骗我。 注意：当名词性从句已有疑问词引导时，不可再加that
6、。例如： I dont understand that what you said just now. () I dont understand what you said just now. () if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhether同位语从句与定语从句的同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处不同之处1 1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team
7、has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明（从句说明“消息消息”的内的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对（从句对“消息消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）知。）2 2、引导从句的关联词、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当
8、任何成分；而引导定语从句的何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1)Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任不充当任何成分）何成分）2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。），又在从句中充当主语。）找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中
9、的错误，并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was. Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?I dont know where he has gone.The owner of the shop came to see what was the
10、 matter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！规律二：注意虚拟语
11、气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not. Whet
12、her we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.It depends on whether the weather is .The question is whether he himself will be present .He asked me whether I could go with him or not. 规律三：规律三：4 4种情况只能用种情况只能用whether whether ：（：（1 1）位于句子开）位于句子开头；头； （2 2）前面有介词；）前面有介词； 3 3）引导表语从句；）引导表语从句； （4 4）与）与or
13、 notor not连用。连用。找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt
14、matter that you will come or not.ititthatwhether规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况 下可以借助下可以借助 “it it” 而后置。而后置。问题：想想看是什么“适当的情况”？ 做题三步曲：做题三步曲： 步骤一：首先把主句和从句区分步骤一：首先把主句和从句区分开来。开来。步骤二：分析从句缺何种成分。步骤二：分析从句缺何种成分。步骤三：根据分析，选择恰当的步骤三：根据分析，选择恰当的连词连词1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C.
15、whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they li
16、ve in 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that 7.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D.
17、where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. whe
18、re has he gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 13.Can you ma
19、ke sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like D. what look man like 15._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held
20、in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 16.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 17.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 18._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A
21、. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 19. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 20._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what 21._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whe
22、ther C. That D. Where 22.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 23. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 24.These wild flowers are so special that
23、I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 25._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 26.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were th
24、ey D. they were how excited 27._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 28.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how 考点考点1：连接词：连接词： that 与与 what 的区别的区别 That (a new teacher will come
25、 to our school ) is true . What we cant get seems better than what we have . What I am thinking now is that it is our responsibility that we should do whatever we can to realize our dream that wellmake our motherland richer,stronger, and more prosperous. that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不 充当任何成分充
26、当任何成分 what 既有连接作用，既有连接作用， 又要在从句中作成又要在从句中作成分（分（ 主语，宾语，主语，宾语， 表语）表语）( 的东西的东西;物物;话话;时间时间;地点地点;人物人物;数目等不同概念数目等不同概念)1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_ is a pity .2.他来不来不重要。他来不来不重要。_doesnt matter.It doesnt matter whetherThat he made such a mistakeIt is a pity that考点考点 2 ：it作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语的用法形式宾语的用法 it 作形式主语作
27、形式主语Whether he will come or not It is well known/reported/ thought/said that It is clear/necessary/certain/true that It is a pity/a shame/an honor that It doesnt matter whether It seems that It happens that * (2) it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容，指代后面从句所叙述的内容， 常用于这些动词后，常用于这些动词后， like/dislike/love/hate /appreciate/mak
28、e+it 后后常跟常跟if 或或when从句从句 . it 作形式宾语作形式宾语*(1) make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that / to doI hate it when people laugh at the disabled . *(3) depend on it that 1. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one2.You may depend on _ that you
29、parents will help you whenever you need it. A.them B. yourself C. it D. me 1.The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 3.He asked_for a violinA. did I pay how much B. I paid how mu
30、ch C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 4.What time do you think _?A.will Besty come here B.Besty will come hereC.is Besty coming hereD.can Besty get here考点考点4 4 同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句一般跟在名词同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, dou
31、bt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面后面, 用以说用以说明或解释前面的名词的内容明或解释前面的名词的内容.定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用定语从句：对先行词起修饰限制作用The news that she passed the exam excited her parents .The news that we know from her excited all of us .解释说明；解释说明；that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分但是不能省。但是不能省。修饰限定；修饰限定；that在从句中有成分、在从句中有成分、作宾语时可以省。作宾语时
32、可以省。同位语从句同位语从句定语从定语从句句注注: 1. 1. 同位语从句多用同位语从句多用that 引导引导2. 在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引导同位语从句引导同位语从句. I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverwhoever, whateverWho, what 请你归纳请你归纳who,whoever/what,whatever ?注：注：wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句既可引导名
33、词性从句又可引导让步状语从句又可引导让步状语从句no matter wh- 只引导让步状丛只引导让步状丛 3. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever whether / ifwhetherifn4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.n5. _ they can do it matters little to us.a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从主语
34、从句、表语从句、同位语从 句、句、 介词后面的宾语从句只能用介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether， 不能用不能用if ；b.后面紧跟后面紧跟 or not 时时, 用用whetherc.宾语从句是否定结构时只用宾语从句是否定结构时只用ifwhetherWhether1.在在order，demand，request，advise，等所接的宾等所接的宾语从句中用语从句中用should 型虚拟语气。型虚拟语气。should 常省略常省略。 2.在在order，suggestion等名词后同位语从句，表等名词后同位语从句，表语从句中用语从句中用should 型虚拟语气，可省略型虚拟语气，可省略sho
35、uld3.在在as if，as though引导的表语从句中，在必要引导的表语从句中，在必要的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。4.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有常用的句型有：（1）It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. （2） It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that. （3） It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that.如如: It is strange that she (should) think so.