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1、名词性从句名词性从句从句的语用功能从句的语用功能 英语复合句一般有三大类：名词性英语复合句一般有三大类：名词性(主语、主语、宾语、表语和同位语宾语、表语和同位语)从句；形容词性从句；形容词性(定语定语)从从句；副词性句；副词性(状语状语)从句。从句。 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。句。 正确、快速理解英语的复杂句子是提高英正确、快速理解英语的复杂句子是提高英语阅读和写作能力的一个重要方面。语阅读和写作能力的一个重要方面。 学会学会正确把握句子结构、熟练使用主从复正确把握句子结构、熟练使用主从复合句：能更准确的理解合句：能更准确的理解句子所传递的信息
2、，提句子所传递的信息，提高阅读理解能力；能写出高阅读理解能力；能写出更简明、流畅的文段，更简明、流畅的文段，更贴切、优美的语句，提高写作水平。更贴切、优美的语句，提高写作水平。 名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。和同位语从句。1.When we will start is not clear.2. She wont believe that her son has become a thie
3、f.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4. I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句I 名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类主语从句一般有三种结构：主语从句一般有三种结构：1. 1. 主语从句主语从句+ +谓语谓语That she will win the match is certain.2.2.主语从句主语从句+ +形容词（名词词组、过去分词）形容词（名词词组、过去分词）+that+that从句从句It is important th
4、at we teens should learn English.It is a good news that he will attend the meeting on behalf of our school.It is said that our school will hold a sports meeting3. It +seem (happen，appear等不及物动词)+that从句It seems that Katy is not coming to this party.宾语从句的结构宾语从句的结构主句主句 + + 连接词连接词( (引导词引导词) + ) + 宾语从句宾语从
5、句 在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从句放在放在及物动词及物动词或或介词介词之后作宾语。之后作宾语。I dont know why he is always late for school.We all agree with what you said at the meeting.宾语从句宾语从句下面每个句子都出现下面每个句子都出现了了宾语从句宾语从句，大家能，大家能找到吗？找到吗？1. He told us that they would help us through the whole work. 2. The new book is
6、 about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.3. We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.4. I dont understand why so many people are crowding round him.1. He told us that they would help us through the whole work. 2. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned sp
7、aceship was sent up into space.3. We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.4. I dont understand why so many people are crowding round him.从句类型从句类型连接词连接词例句例句由由that引导引导的陈述性的的陈述性的宾语从句宾语从句that（在口语或非（在口语或非正式文体中常省略）正式文体中常省略）I think that you are right.由连词由连词ifwhether引导的宾语引导的宾语从句从句whethe
8、r, if (在口在口语中常用语中常用if)I wonder if/ whether they will have the races again next year.由由wh-引导引导的宾语从句的宾语从句who, what, which, when, where, how, whyCould you tell me please where the restrooms are?if或或whether引导宾语从句时，作引导宾语从句时，作“是否是否”讲，一般情讲，一般情况下，两者常可换用。况下，两者常可换用。只用只用whether在动词不定式之前在动词不定式之前只能用只能用whetherPlea
9、se tell us whether to go or stay here.在在 whether or not 的固定搭配中的固定搭配中I dont know whether or not I can come.在介词后，只能用在介词后，只能用whether。We worried about whether he was in good health.宾语从句放在句首宾语从句放在句首表示强调时表示强调时Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. 主句使用现在时，从句可使用任何时态主句使用现在时，从句可使用任何时态；主主句使用一般过去时句使用一般过去时，从句除
10、表示，从句除表示“真理真理”可可使用现在时态外，使用现在时态外，一律使用过去时态一律使用过去时态。I think that you are right.Lin Tao thought the TV play was very boring. My brother told me that the earth is round.宾语从句的时态取决于主句的时态宾语从句的时态取决于主句的时态表语从句表语从句 表语从句位于连系动词后表语从句位于连系动词后, ,有时用有时用as ifas if引导。引导。其基本结构为其基本结构为: :主语主语 + + 系动词系动词 + that + that从句。从句。
11、1. 1. be, look, remain, 等系等系动词后均可跟表语从句：动词后均可跟表语从句：My suggestion is that we should go shopping.2. 2. as if 也可引导表语从句。也可引导表语从句。 It looks as if its going to rain. 3.the reason why is that 和和It is because 等结构等结构。It was because I got up late. 同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些句中某些名词名词的后面，说明这些的后面
12、，说明这些名词的含义名词的含义。可跟。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, news, promise, reason, idea, hope, word, belief等。等。如：如：Beijing ,the capital of China, is my hometown.We heard the news that our team had won. We were happy to hear the news that was announced by our boss.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句 II. 名词性从句的引导词：名词性从句的引导词：1.
13、连接词连接词 ：that、if、whether不作成分不作成分无意义无意义2. 连接代词连接代词 ：who、 whom 、whose、 what、 which3. 连接副词：连接副词： when、 where、why、how“是否是否”作状语作状语作主作主/宾宾/表表考点一：区别考点一：区别that , what与与which考点二：区别考点二：区别whether 与与if 考点三：区别考点三：区别 what, whatever, 与与 no matter what .考点四：考点四：it 作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语考点五：名词性从句的语序考点五：名词性从句的语序名词性从句考点归
14、纳名词性从句考点归纳 : 考点考点1：连接词：连接词： that 与与 what 的区别的区别What he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will come is true .that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任 何成分何成分, 且在宾语从句中有时可省。且在宾语从句中有时可省。 what 既既起起连接作用连接作用, 又在从句中作又在从句中作 主语主语, 宾语宾语, 表表 语语 (且在名词性从句中只有且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）可作表语） what引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语，宾语或
15、引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语，宾语或 表语。表语。1._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.2. China is no longer _ it used to be.3. There were even some grandparents who came to see _ it was all about.4. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.5. At last the soldiers reached _ the locals called
16、 the Three Gorges.What what whatwhatwhatwhat1.It is widely accepted _ the earth goes around the sun.2. The problem is _ we cant finish the work in time.3. We express the hope _ they will come to visit China again.4. We all hope _ the 2008 Olympic Games will be the best ever, and _ the athletes and v
17、isitors will enjoy China and Beijing. thatthatthatthatthat/-thatThat the earths goes around the sun is widely accepted.1. _ he said so made us angry . _ he said at the meeting made us angry.2. A computer can only do_ you have instructed it to do. （01全国）全国） 3. 中国不再是过去的样子了。中国不再是过去的样子了。4. A modern city
18、 has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. （04天津）天津） A. what B. which C. that D. whereThatWhatChina is no longer _ it used to be.whatwhatB : what (什么什么) / which ( 表选择表选择, 哪一个哪一个) 1. - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is ? -He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _.
19、2. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? whatwhichwhichWhat 无范围；无范围；Which有范围有范围解析解析考点考点2. 区别区别if 与与whether v1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.v2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.v3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.whether / ifwhetherwhetherv5. It
20、depends on _ we will have enough money.v6. _ they can do it matters little to us.v7. _ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.whetherWhetherIf 请你归纳请你归纳a. a. 主语从句主语从句b. b. 表语从句表语从句c. c. 同位语从句同位语从句e. e. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f. f. 直接加动词不定式只能用直接加动词不定式只能用whether （to do）g g whether or not 直接连用时不用直接连用时不用
21、if只能使用只能使用whether 的情况：的情况：请你归纳请你归纳四、四、whether是否。主语从句；表语从句；同位语从句；是否。主语从句；表语从句；同位语从句； 介词后的宾语从句；不定式且常与介词后的宾语从句；不定式且常与or not 连用。连用。1._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.2. The argument _ well have a sports meet remains to be settled.3. It all depends on _ they will support us.4. He doesnt
22、know _ to stay or not.5. We didnt know _ or not she was ready.Whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherv _等引导的等引导的名词性从句名词性从句不含有疑问意义不含有疑问意义，相，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而当于名词后加一个定语从句，而v_等引导的名词性从等引导的名词性从句句含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。请你归纳请你归纳 whoever, whateverWho, what 考点考点3. what,whatever,who,whoeverWho will take the position isnt dec
23、ided.v1._ was said here must be kept secret.v2._ we need is more time.v3._ has taken away my bag is unknown.v4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverAnyone whoNo matter who destroys the forest will be punished. （ 误误 ）解析解析no matter 只能引导状语从只能引导状语从句，句，ever既可引导状语从句既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句又可
24、以引导名词性从句.no matter who/what与与whoever /whateverWhoever destroys the forest will be punished . （ 正正 ）1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_ is a pity .2.他来不来不重要。他来不来不重要。_doesnt matter.It doesnt matter whetherThat he made such a mistakeIt is a pity that 考点考点 ：it作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语形式宾语 it 作形式主语作形式主语Whether he will
25、 come or not(1) It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识(2) It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词不及物动词 从句从句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎(4) It 过去分词过去分词 从句
26、从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said that 据说据说 It is reported/ thought/said that It is clear/necessary/certainthat It is a pity/a shame/an honor that It doesnt matter whether It seems that It happens that Can you understand them?1. This is a fact that English is be
27、ing accepted as an international language .2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for It (2)it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用常用 like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it + if 或或when从句从句 it 作形式宾语作形式宾语(1) make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that / to doI hate it when people laugh at the disabled .1. The photographs will show you _ A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 从句一定用陈述语序从句一定用陈述语序