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1、复合句的种类复合句的种类n名词性从句名词性从句n形容词性从句形容词性从句(定语从句定语从句)n副词性从句副词性从句(状语从句状语从句)名词性从句名词性从句n名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句表语从句和同位语从句.n引导词引导词: 1. 从属连词从属连词:that, if , whether 2. 连接代词连接代词: who, what, which, whom, whose 3. 连接副词连接副词: when, where, how, why等等.名词性从句引导词的特点n除了三个从属连词外除了三个从属连词外, 连接代词和连接副连接代词和连接
2、副词都在句中作成分词都在句中作成分, 连接代词一般作主语连接代词一般作主语, 宾语和表语宾语和表语, 连接副词作时间、地点、方连接副词作时间、地点、方式、原因状语式、原因状语.n所有的引导词都具有连词特征所有的引导词都具有连词特征, 除了除了that在宾语从句中可以省略外在宾语从句中可以省略外, 其他引导词一其他引导词一般不能省略般不能省略.nthat引导名词性从句时不作成分引导名词性从句时不作成分, 无意义无意义, 仅起仅起引导作用引导作用, 在引导宾语从句时可省略在引导宾语从句时可省略, 引导主语、引导主语、表语和同位语从句时不能省略表语和同位语从句时不能省略.nthat引导宾语从句时在以
3、下情况下不能省略引导宾语从句时在以下情况下不能省略:eg. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. (and连接两个宾从连接两个宾从, that宾从放在宾从放在and的后的后面面, 不能省略不能省略.) I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. (作介词的宾语从句时作介词的宾语从句时that不能省略不能省略.)名词性从句难点名词性从句难点n1.语序和时态语序和时态Eg. The question _ has been worrying
4、 him recently. A. where is to go B. where to go C. where is he to go D. where he was to go He asked me _ to build this plant. A. how long it was taken B. how long it had taken C. how much time did it take D. how much time it was taken2. 关联词的选择使用关联词的选择使用nA) 是是that 还是还是what?Eg. The question came up at
5、 the meeting _ we had not enough money to do the research. A.whether B. that C. if D. what _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What; that B. What; what C. That; that D. That; what They want to make it clear to the public_ they do an important job. A. when B. where C. that D. whichn区别区别:nth
6、at 不作成分不作成分, 无意义无意义, 仅起引导作用仅起引导作用;nwhat可作主语可作主语, 宾语宾语, 表语表语, 保留疑问词保留疑问词特征特征, 本身有意义本身有意义, 相当于相当于the thing/ fact/ matter that, 意为意为“所所的的(东西或事情东西或事情)nB)whether还是还是 ifEg. It depends on _ he has enough money. A. if B. weather C. if or not D. whether _ the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.
7、A. When ever B. If C. Whether D. That I dont mind _ they will come. A. if or not B. whether or not C. whether or no D. if or non用用whether或或if引导名词性从句时引导名词性从句时, 题干中往题干中往往出现表示往出现表示“不肯定不肯定”概念的词语概念的词语, 如如: not sure/ certain, not known/ decided, is still a question, depend on 等等.n两词引导宾语从句时可以互换两词引导宾语从句时可以互
8、换, 但下列情况一但下列情况一般只用般只用whether: a. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句; b. 引导主语从句引导主语从句, 表语从句表语从句, 同位语从句同位语从句; c. 后面出现后面出现or not.注意注意: 与与not连用时只能用连用时只能用if eg. I wonder if he can not do me a favour.c). whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 的区别的区别.nEg. Give it to _ you like. A. whom B. whoever C. who D. when It is genera
9、lly considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever Ill remember _ the teacher teaches us. A. that B. no matter what C. whatever D. no matter which nwhomever 只作宾语只作宾语;nwhateveranything that nwhoever anyone whonwhomever anyone whomnwhichever any on
10、e that( 强调某一强调某一范围中的任何一个范围中的任何一个)D) how, when where, why 的的选择选择n I have no idea _ he will come back. A. where B. when C. what D. that Please explain _ this is possible. A. how B. what C. why D. that I remember _ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what定语从句定语从句n引导词分为两类引导词分为两类:
11、 1. 关系代词关系代词: who, whom, whose, which, that, as 2. 关系副词关系副词: where, when, why等等引导词的作用引导词的作用: 1. 代替先行词代替先行词; 2. 引导定语从句引导定语从句; 3. 在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分, 关系代词作主语关系代词作主语, 宾语宾语(可以省略可以省略), 表语表语; 关系副词作状语关系副词作状语.定语从句难点定语从句难点n1.whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句. whose 作定与修饰后面的名词作定与修饰后面的名词, 可修饰可修饰人或物人或物, 相当于相当于of whom , of whic
12、hEg. His the student whose composition(the composition of whom) won the first prize. I refer to the house whose window (the window of which ) faces the lake.2.which和和as 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句的区别的区别nwhich引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后面的后面, as引导非限制性定语从句时放在主句引导非限制性定语从句时放在主句前后均可前后均可;nas意为意为“正如正如”, 后
13、面的谓语动词多是后面的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等等.另另外用于某固定搭配外用于某固定搭配, 如如the sameas, suchas等等; which意为意为“这一点这一点”, 如如:nAs we all know, he studies very hard.nHe turned out to be very successful, which was more than we could expect.3.介词提前的定语从句介词提前的定语从句n介词介词which/ whom, 不能用不能用that 或或whon如何选用合适的介
14、词如何选用合适的介词: 根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择. The two things _ _ they felt proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.应填应填of which , be proud of 为固定短语为固定短语.n根据介词与前面的名词搭配选择根据介词与前面的名词搭配选择. 1) Can you find a proper situation _ _ the expression can be used? 2) Ill never forget the day _ _ I first met hi
15、m. 应填应填in which和和on which, 在在场合场合,介词用介词用in; 表示具体的某一天表示具体的某一天, 用用on.n有时需要考虑介词和动词的搭配及介词有时需要考虑介词和动词的搭配及介词和名词的搭配和名词的搭配.n The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see what was happening inside the house. A. in which B. through which C. at which D. on which He was the man _ Master of the Game wa
16、s translated. A. into whom B. by whom C. at whom D. by him4. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句nwhen, where, why在定语从句中作状在定语从句中作状语语. When in/ on/ atwhich; where in/ atwhich; why for which.nI know the reason why (for which) he was unhappy.nThis is the house where (in which) we lived for 5 years.n选择关系词一定要考虑它在从句中的作
17、选择关系词一定要考虑它在从句中的作用用, 即作主语、宾语、表语、定语时用关即作主语、宾语、表语、定语时用关系代词系代词,作状语时则用关系副词作状语时则用关系副词.nI still remember the days which we spent together on the farm.(宾语宾语)nI never forget the days when we worked on the farm.(状语状语)nHe always stayed at the office at 6:00, by which time others had gone home.(定语定语)n关系词在从句中作宾
18、语关系词在从句中作宾语, 状语时状语时, 从句中从句中不应该出现相同意义的成分不应该出现相同意义的成分.n误误: Have you finished the book which you borrowed it from the library last week?n正正: Have you finished the book (which) you borrowed from the library last week?区别多重引导词区别多重引导词n1.that可以引导名词性从句可以引导名词性从句, 定语从句定语从句, 状语从句状语从句.nThat he was late made the
19、teacher angry.nHe told us the thing and persons (that) he saw there.nIm glad that he passed the exam.n2. When, where, why 既可引导名词性从句既可引导名词性从句, 又可引导定语从句或状语从句又可引导定语从句或状语从句, 而且有时可以而且有时可以互相转化互相转化.nWhen he will come is still unknown. The time when he will come nI dont know where he found his last bike. I
20、dont know the place where( at which) he found nI dont know why he missed the meeting. I dont know the reason why he missednThe new house stands where there was a pool. The new house stands at the place where there was a pool.n3. Whoever, whatever whichever 可引导名词性从句或状语从句可引导名词性从句或状语从句.nWhoever breaks
21、the law should be punished. Anyone who breaks the law shouldnWhoever calls, ask him to leave a message. No matter who calls, ask himn4. as可引导多种从句可引导多种从句nAs he hadnt worked hard, he failed.nAs he was 15 years old, he began to work in a factory.nYong as he is, he knows a lot. nAs can be seen, he is sad.nAs time passed by, I gradually forgot what he looked like.nI can do it as well as you.