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1、2021江苏同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Passage Three Valentines Day is a festival of romance and affection. The holiday is an interesting combination of pagan (异教徒的) and Christian influences. Some of the days customs probably came from
2、an ancient Roman holiday caned Lupercalia, Which honored Juno (wife of Jupiter, the goddess of women, marriage, and childbirth) and Pan (the God of nature). During the Lupercalia festival, young women dropped poems bearing their names into a large vase. Each young man picked a name from the vase to
3、find his sweetheart for that year. During the Middle Ages, church leaders wanted to relate this pagan holiday to Christianity, so they renamed it after a Christian saint and moved the holiday from February 15 to February 14, the feast day of St. Valentine. St. Valentine was a third-century Christian
4、 martyr, a young man who was imprisoned in Rome for refusing to worship pagan gods. According to legend, before Valentine was beheaded on February 14, he restored the eyesight of his jailers blind daughter. Then he sent her a farewell letter signed, From your Valentine. This phrase is now a common e
5、xpression of affection that appears on many of the holiday greeting cards. Perhaps another reason that February 14 was picked as a holiday for lovers was that the ancient Romans believed that birds began to mate on this date. In modern times, early in February of each year, card shops, drugstores, a
6、nd department stores begin displaying a wide variety of greeting cards called valentines. Most of them are illustrated with the symbolic red heart, which stands for love. Many also show a picture of Cupid with his bow and arrow. Some valentines are very fancy-decorated with paper lace, scented satin
7、, feathers, ribbons, or bows. Some contain affectionate verses, while others simply say, Be my Valentine. There are special Valentines for various family members, sweet hearts, and friends. People sometimes send anonymous valentines to the persons whom they are in secret love with. On that day, chil
8、dren usually buy packages of small, inexpensive valentines to give to classmates and teachers. Sweet-hearts and married couples may exchange more expensive cards, along with small gifts. Men often give red roses or chocolates wrapped up beautifully in red, heart-shaped boxes to their girlfriends or
9、wives.This holiday derived its name from _ AJuno, the goddess of marriageBPan, the god of natureCLupercalia, a holiday for loversDa Christian martyr-priest 2.Passage Four Do you believe that severe punishment would deter potential criminals from evildoing Is death penalty (死刑) indispensable componen
10、t of the criminal law Do you believe the arch criminals deserve another chance to turn over a new leaf Should capital punishment be abolished (废除的) In the USA, 85% of the population over the age of 21 approve of the death penalty. Many U.S. states still have the death penalty. Some use the electric
11、chair, which can take up to 20 minutes to kill, while others use gas or lethal injection. The first execution was the case of Ruth Ellis who was hanged for shooting her lover in what was generally regarded as a crime of passion. The second, a man was hanged for murders which, it was later proved, ha
12、d been committed by someone else. The death penalty advocates listed several points to support capital punishment. First there is the deterrence theory, which argues that potential murders would think twice before committing the act if they knew that they might die if they were caught. The armed ban
13、k robber might, likewise, go back to being unarmed. The other argument is more suspectful. The idea of retribution demands that criminals should get what they deserve: if a murderer intentionally sets out to commit a crime, he should accept the consequences. Retribution, which is just another word f
14、or revenge, is supported by the delicious doctrine of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. The arguments against the death penalty are largely humanitarian. But there are also statistical reasons for opposing it: in Britain, 1903 was the record year for executions and yet in 1904, the number o
15、f murders actually rose. There was a similar occurrence in 1946 and 1947. If the deterrence theory were correct, the rate would have fallen. The other reasons to oppose the death penalty are largely a matter of individual conscience and belief. One is that murder is murder and that the state has no
16、more right to take a life than the individual. The other is that Christianity advises forgiveness, not revenge.The people who are in favor of death penalty believe in the following except _ AThe intentional murderer should eat his own bitter fruitBStricter punishments stop crimeCThe punishment must
17、fit the crimeDTo err is human; to forgive, divine 3.Passage Five Tattoos didnt spring up with the biker gangs and rock n roll bands. Theyve been around for a long time and had many different meanings over the course of history. For years, scientists believed that Egyptians and Nubians were the first
18、 people to tattoo their bodies. Then, in 1991, a mummy was discovered, dating back to the Bronze Age of about 3,300 B.C. The Iceman, as the specimen was called, had several markings on his body, including a cross on the inside of his knee and lines on his ankle and back. It is believed these tattoos
19、 were made in a curative (治病的) effort. Being so advanced, the Egyptians reportedly spread the practice of tattooing throughout the world. The pyramid-building third and fourth dynasties of Egypt developed international nations with Crete, Greece, Persia and Arabia. The art tattooing stretched out al
20、l the way to Southeast Asia by 2,000 B.C. Around the same time, the Japanese became interested in the art but only for its decorative attributes, as opposed to magical ones. The Japanese tattoo artists were the undisputed masters. Their use of colors, perspective, and imaginative designs gave the pr
21、actice a whole new angle. During the first millennium A.D., Japan adopted Chinese culture in many aspects and confined tattooing to branding wrongdoers. In the Balkans, the Thracians had a different use for the craft. Aristocrats, according to Herodotus, used it to show the world their social status
22、. Although early Europeans dabbled with tattooing, they truly rediscovered the art form when the world exploration of the post-Renaissance made them seek out new cultures. It was their meeting with Polynesian that introduced them to tattooing. The word, in fact is derived from the Polynesian word ta
23、ttau, which means to mark. Most of the early uses of tattoos were ornamental. However, a number of civilizations had practical applications for this craft. The Goths, a tribe of Germanic barbarians famous for pillaging Roman settlements, used tattoos to mark their slaves. Romans did the same with sl
24、aves and criminals. In Tahiti, tattoos were a rite of passage and told the history of the persons life. Reaching adulthood, boys got one tattoo to commemorate the event. Men were marked with another style when they got married. Later, tattoos became the souvenir of choice for globe-trotting sailors.
25、 Whenever they would reach an exotic locale, they would get a new tattoo to mark the occasion. A dragon was a famous style that meant the sailor had reached a China station. At first, sailors would spend their free time on the ship tattooing themselves and their mates. Soon after, tattoo parlors wer
26、e set up in the area, surrounding ports worldwide. In the middle of the 19th century, police officials believed that half of the criminal underworld in New York City had tattoos. Port areas were renowned for being rough places flail of sailors that were guilty of some crime or another. This is most
27、likely how tattoos got such a bad reputation and became associated with rebels and criminals.Tattoo can be traced back to as early as _. Athe middle of the 19th centuryBthe year 1991 when a mummy was discoveredC2000 BCD3300 BC 4.Passage Two We unemployed share a social stigma (耻辱) similar to that of
28、 the rape victim. Whether consciously or subconsciously, much of the work-ethic driven public feels that youve somehow asked for it. Secretly wanted to lose your job and flirted (幻想) with unemployment through your attitude- probably dressed in a way to invite it (left the vest unbuttoned on your thr
29、ee-piece suit). But the worse of it isnt societys work-ethic morality; its your own, which you never knew you had. You find out how much self-satisfaction was gained from even the most simple work-related task: a well-worded letter, a well-handled phone call, even a clean file. Being useful to yours
30、elf isnt enough. But then almost everyone has heard about the need to be a useful member of society. What you didnt know about was the loneliness. Youve spent your life almost constantly surrounded by people, in classes, in dorms and at work. To suddenly find yourself with only your cat to talk to a
31、ll day distorts (歪曲) your sense of reality. You begin to worry that fights of fancy might become one way. But you always were, and still are, stronger than that. You maintain balance and perspective, mainly through resorting frequently to sarcasm (嘲笑) and irreverence. Although something going wrong
32、in any aspect of your life now seems to push you into temporary despair much more easily than before, you have some very important things to hang on to- people who care, your sense of humor, your talents, your cat and your hopes. And beyond that, youve gained something- a little more knowledge and a
33、 lot more compassion. Youve learned the value of the routine you scorned and the importance of the job you took for granted. But most of all, youve learned what a 7.6 percent unemployment rate really means.What does You begin to worry that fights of fancy might become one way mean AYou begin to worr
34、y that youll never be a useful member of the society again.BYou begin to worry that youll never be able to find a job again.CYou begin to worry that youll never be able to face the reality.DYou begin to worry that youll never be able to see your relatives again. 5. Promptness is important in America
35、n business, academic, and social settings. The (56) of punctuality is taught to young children at school. Today slips and the use of bells signal to the child that (57) and time itself are to be respected. People who keep (58) are considered dependable. If people are late for job interviews, appoint
36、ments, or classes, they are often (59) unreliable and irresponsible. In the business setting, time is money and companies may (60) their executive for tardiness to business meetings. Of course, it is not always possible to be punctual. Social and business etiquette also provides rules for (61) arriv
37、als. Calling (62) the telephone if one is going to be more than a few minutes late for (63) appointments is (64) polite and is often expected. Keeping a friend waiting (65) ten to twenty minutes is considered rude. Respecting deadlines is also important in academic and professional (66) . Students w
38、ho (67) assignments late may be surprised to find that the professor will (68) their grade or even refuse to (69) their work. (70) it is a question of arriving on time or of meeting a deadline, people are culturally expected to stick to the schedule time. Apunctuality.BtardinessCadventDregularity 6.
39、Passage One If those mad moments-when you cant remember what your friend has told you or where you left your keys-are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help. Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which scientists now know sh
40、ow signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us had imagined and these processes continue gradually over the years, said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of California, Los Angeles. Tin convinced that
41、it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program, he added. In his book, The Memory Bible, the 51-year-old neuroscientist (神经学家) lists what he refers to as the 10 suggestions for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills, reducing stress, mental
42、exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle. Misplacing your keys a couple of times dont mean you should start labeling your cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Our brains can fight back, he said. Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. Simple memory tests
43、give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as look and connect are designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. So if you wanted to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a distinguishing facial feature, m
44、aybe a high eyebrow, said Small. You associate the first thing that comes to your mind. I think of the actor Warren Beatty, so I create a mental picture of Warren Beatty kissing her brow. Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. Mental exercises could be anything from doing cros
45、sword puzzles and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing, he added.By giving the example you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a distinguishing .eyebrow, Dr. Small is trying to explain the memory tool of _ Ah
46、ealthy brain dietBphysical exercisesCreducing stressDmental exercises 7.Passage Five Tattoos didnt spring up with the biker gangs and rock n roll bands. Theyve been around for a long time and had many different meanings over the course of history. For years, scientists believed that Egyptians and Nu
47、bians were the first people to tattoo their bodies. Then, in 1991, a mummy was discovered, dating back to the Bronze Age of about 3,300 B.C. The Iceman, as the specimen was called, had several markings on his body, including a cross on the inside of his knee and lines on his ankle and back. It is be
48、lieved these tattoos were made in a curative (治病的) effort. Being so advanced, the Egyptians reportedly spread the practice of tattooing throughout the world. The pyramid-building third and fourth dynasties of Egypt developed international nations with Crete, Greece, Persia and Arabia. The art tattooing stretched out all the way to Southeast Asia by 2,000 B.C. Around the same time, the Japanese became interested in the art but only for its decorative attributes, as opposed to magical