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1、2021年辽宁在职攻读硕士联考考试真题卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Even plants can run a fever, especially when theyre under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet awaystraight up. A decade ago, adaptin
2、g the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂) spraying rather than rain
3、poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that dont have pest (害虫) problems. Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat e
4、mitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running fevers. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 40 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would. The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resiste
5、d the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. This technique can be used on 75 percent of ag
6、ricultural land in the United States, says George Oerther of Texas A&M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 yea
7、rs ago.Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are_.Asprayed with pesticidesBfacing an infrared scannerCin poor physical conditionDexposed to excessive sun rays 2.Directions: In this part there are ten incomplete sentences, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one that you thi
8、nk is the best answer. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _is often the case in other countries.AasBwhatCsoDthat 3.Concern wi
9、th money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops and factories
10、 are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the typical Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in
11、 creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality. Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanizati
12、on of France has its critics. They fear that assembly-line life will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life-to joy in the smell of a freshly picked
13、apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe Since the late 1940s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rash, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students.
14、They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of the competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence. In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France i
15、n the forefront of the modem economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modem, industrial France is preferable to the old.Which of the following is not related to the new French way of lifeAShorter lunch
16、 hour.BGreater output.CCreature comfort.DLeisurely cafe talk. 4.Even plants can run a fever, especially when theyre under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet awaystraight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology
17、developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂) spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which inva
18、riably includes plants that dont have pest (害虫) problems. Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were tran
19、sformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running fevers. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 40 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would. The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term
20、backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United State
21、s, says George Oerther of Texas A&M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.In order to apply pesticide
22、spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to_.Aestimate the damage to the cropsBmeasure the size of the affected areaCdraw a color-coded mapDlocate the problem area 5.Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not they find themselves suffering from he
23、adaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of snow light. The United States Army has now determined that the glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a mans eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expa
24、nse of a snow-covered area. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscle aches. Nature balances this annoyance by pr
25、oducing more and more liquid which covers the eyeballs. The liquid covers the eyeballs in increasing quantity until vision blurs. And the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troo
26、ps are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their ey
27、es focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop searching through the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the man can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white area is overcome
28、.When the eyes are sore, tears are produced to_.Aclear the visionBremedy snowblindnessCease the annoyanceDloosen the muscles 6.Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindne
29、ss, when exposed to several hours of snow light. The United States Army has now determined that the glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a mans eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of a snow-covered area. So his gaze continu
30、ally shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscle aches. Nature balances this annoyance by producing more and more liquid which covers the e
31、yeballs. The liquid covers the eyeballs in increasing quantity until vision blurs. And the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bus
32、hes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something t
33、o see, stop searching through the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the man can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white area is overcome.Snowblindness may be avoided by_.Aconcentratio
34、n on the solid white areaBproviding the eyes with something to focus onCsearching for something to look at in snow-covered areasDcovering the eyeballs with liquid 7.Directions: There are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose t
35、he answer that appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.Customer: How much are the eggs Saleswoman: _AThey are free-range.BWe have some fre
36、e-range eggs.CThe free-range eggs cost more than regular ones.DThe free-range ones are $ 3.95 a dozen. 8.Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corr
37、esponding letter in the brackets. When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators were able to be effective on television. Some of the difficulties they experienced when were trying to (31) themselves to the new medium were technical. when wo
38、rking on radio, for example, they had become (32) to seeing on behalf of the listener. This (33) of seeing for others means that the commentator has to be very good at talking. Above all, he has to be able to (34) a continuous sequence of visual images which (35) meaning to the sounds which the list
39、ener hears. In the (36) of television, however, the commentator sees everything with the viewer. His role, therefore, is completely different. He is there to make (37) that the viewer does not miss some point of interest, to help him focus on particular things, and to. (38) the images on the televis
40、ion screen. Unlike his radio colleague, he must know the (39) of silence and how to use it at those moments (40) the pictures speak for themselves.AturmBadaptCalterDmodify 9.Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great chang
41、es to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emp
42、hasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the typical Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individual
43、ity. Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that assembly-line life will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of t
44、he more graceful and leisurely old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life-to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe Since the late 1940s life in Franc
45、e has indeed taken on qualities of rash, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of the competitive, goods
46、-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence. In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modem economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and
47、pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modem, industrial France is preferable to the old.Nowadays few Frenchmen_.Aprefer the modem life styleBactually enjoy working at the assembly lineCare more concerned with money than in the pastDare more competitive than the old generation 10.Even
48、plants can run a fever, especially when theyre under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet awaystraight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂) spraying rather than rain poison on a w