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1、2021辽宁在职攻读硕士联考考试真题卷（7）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Visitors to this country are normally admitted for six months, but foreign students can usually stay for one year. They must (52) an educational institution, and they are required to study for a (53) of
2、 fifteen hours a week on a daytime course. Prospective students have to show that they can afford their studies, and that they have sufficient (54) resources to support themselves (55) in this country.In order to work here the foreigner needs a work permit, (56) must be applied for by his prospectiv
3、e employer. The problem here is that the Department of Employment has the right to grant or (57) these permits, and there is little that can be done (58) it; it would be extremely unwise for a foreign visitor to work (59) a permit, since anyone doing so is liable to immediate deportation (驱逐出境). The
4、re are some people from the European countries, who are often given (60) residence permits of up to five years. Some other people, such as doctors, foreign journalists, authors and others can work without permits, and foreign students are normally allowed to (61) part-time jobs while they are studyi
5、ng here.60().A.engageB.takeC.expectD.work2.Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choice the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Humans are unique in the extent to which they can reflect on themselves and others. Hum
6、ans are able to (21) , to think in abstract terms, to reflect on the future. A meaningless, (22) world is an insecure world. We do not like extensive insecurity. When it (23) to human behavior we infer meaning and (24) to make the behavior understandable. (25) all this means is that people develop q
7、uasi theories of human behavior, that is, theories that are not developed in a(an) (26) , scientific manner. When doing so, people believe they know (27) humans do the things they do. Lets consider an example. In the United States people have been (28) with the increasing amount of crime for several
8、 years. The extent of crime bothers us; we ourselves could be victims. But it (29) bothers us that people behave in such ways. Why can such things happen We develop quasi theories. We (30) concerned about the high crime rate, but we now believe we (31) it: our criminal justice system is (32) ; peopl
9、e have grown selfish and inconsiderate as our moral values weaken (33) the influence of liberal ideas; too many people are (34) drugs. These explanations suggest possible solutions. (35) the courts; put more people in jail as examples to other lawbreaker. There is now hope that the problem of crime
10、can be solved if only we (36) these solutions. Again, the world is no longer meaningless nor (37) so threatening. These quasi theories (38) serve a very important function for us. But how accurate are they How (39) will the suggested solutions be These questions must be answered with (40) to how peo
11、ple normally go about developing or attaining their quasi theories of human behavior. AreasonBconsiderCunderstandDregard 3.Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Passage One For all his vaun
12、ted talents, Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan has never had much of a reputation as an economic forecaster. In fact, he shies away from making the precise-to-the-decimal-point predictions that many other economists thrive on. Instead, he owes his success as a monetary policymaker to his abili
13、ty to sniff out threats to the economy and manipulate interest rates to dampen the dangers he perceives. Now, those instincts are being put to the test. Many Fed watchers-and some policymakers inside the central bank itself-are beginning to wonder whether Greenspan has lost his touch. Despite rising
14、 risks to the economy from a swooning stock market and soaring oil prices that could hamper growth, the Greenspan-led Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) opted to leave interest rates unchanged on Sept. 24. But in a rare dissent, two of the Feds 12 policymakers broke ranks and voted for a cut in ra
15、tes-Dallas Fed President Robert D. McTeer Jr. and central bank Governor Edward M. Gramlich. The move by McTeer, the Feds self-styled Lonesome Dove, was no surprise. But Gramlichs was. This was the first time that the monetary moderate had voted against the chairman since joining the Feds board in 19
16、97. And it was the first public dissent by a governor since 1995. Despite the split vote, its too soon to count the maestro of monetary policy out. Greenspan had good reasons for not cutting interest rates now. And by acknowledging in the statement issued after the meeting that the economy does inde
17、ed face risks, Greenspan left the door wide open to a rate reduction in the future. Indeed, former Fed Governor Lyle Gramley thinks chances are good that the central bank might even cut rates before its next scheduled meeting on Nov. 6, the day after congressional elections. So why didnt the traditi
18、onally risk-averse Greenspan cut rates now as insurance against the dangers dogging growth For one thing, he still thinks the economy is in recovery mode. Consumer demand remains buoyant and has even been turbocharged recently by a new wave of mortgage refinancing. Economists reckon that homeowners
19、will extract some 100 billion in cash from their houses in the second half of this year. And despite all the corporate gloom, business spending has shown signs of picking up, though not anywhere near as strongly as the Fed would like. Does that mean that further rate cuts are off the table Hardly. W
20、atch for Greenspan to try to time any rate reductions to when theyll have the most psychological pop on business and investor confidence. Thats surely no easy feat, but its one that Greenspan has shown himself capable of more than once in the past. Dont be surprised if he surprises everyone again.Al
21、an Greenspan owes his reputation much to _. Ahis successful predictions of economyBhis timely handling of interest ratesChis unusual economic policiesDhis unique sense of dangers 4.Passage Three We sometimes hear that essays are an old-fashioned form, that so-and-so is the last essayist, but the fac
22、ts of the marketplace argue quite otherwise. Essays of nearly any kind are so much easier than short stories for a writer to sell, so many more see print, its strange that though two fine anthologies (collections) remain that publish the years best stories, no comparable collection exists for essays
23、. Such changes in the reading publics taste arent always to the good, needless to say. The art of telling stories predated even cave painting, surely; and if we ever find ourselves living in caves again, it (with painting and drumming) will be the only art left, after movies, novels, photography, es
24、says, biography, and all the rest have gone down the drain-the art to build from. Essays, however, hang somewhere on a line between two sturdy poles: this is what I think, and this is what I am. Autobiographies which arent novels are generally extended essays, indeed. A personal essay is like the hu
25、man voice talking, its order being the minds natural flow, instead of a systematized outline of ideas. Though more changeable or informal than an article or treatise, somewhere it contains a point which is its real center, even if the point couldnt be uttered in fewer words than the essayist has use
26、d. Essays dont usually boil down to a summary, as articles do, and the style of the writer has a nap to it, a combination of personality and originality and energetic loose ends that stand up like the nap (绒毛) on a piece of wool and cant be brushed flat. Essays belong to the animal kingdom, with a s
27、urface that generates sparks, like a coat of fur, compared with the flat, conventional cotton of the magazine article writer, who works in the vegetable kingdom, instead. But, essays, on the other hand, may have fewer levels than fiction, because we are not supposed to argue much about their meaning
28、. In the old distinction between teaching and storytelling, the essayist, however cleverly he tries to conceal his intentions, is a bit of a teacher or reformer, and an essay is intended to convey the same point to each of us. An essayist doesnt have to tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth
29、, he can shape or shave his memories, as long as the purpose is served of explaining a truthful point. A personal essay frequently is not autobiographical at all, but what it does keep in common with autobiography is that, through its tone and tumbling progression, it conveys the quality of the auth
30、ors mind. Nothing gets in the way. Because essays are directly concerned with the mind and the minds peculiarity, the very freedom the mind possesses is conferred on this branch of literature that does honor to it, and the fascination of the mind is the fascination of the essay.According to the pass
31、age the changes in readers taste _. Acontribute to the incompatibility of essays with storiesBoften result in unfavorable effect, to say the leastCsometimes come to something undesirable, of courseDusually bring about beneficial outcome, so to say 5.Passage Four The Supreme Courts decisions on physi
32、cian-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of double effect, a centuries-old mora
33、l principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients p
34、ain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if
35、that might hasten death. George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. Its like surgery, he says. We
36、 dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If youre a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide. On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assiste
37、d-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Impr
38、oving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to trai
39、n in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical i
40、nitiatives translate into better care. Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, to the extent that it constitutes systematic patient abuse. He says medical licensing boards must make it clear.that painful deaths are presumpti
41、vely ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.From the first three paragraphs, we learn that _. Adoctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients painBit is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their livesCthe Supreme Court strongly oppose
42、s physician-assisted suicideDpatients have no constitutional right to commit suicide 6.Passage Two The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of the trust. The crucial time for its emergence is the first year of life. As with other personality components, the
43、sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept sense of trust is a sho
44、rtcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the childs satisfying experiences at this early age. Or, to say it another way, this psychological formulation serves to condense, summarize, and synthesize the most important underlying changes, which give meaning to the infants c
45、oncrete and diversified experience. Trust can exist only in relation to something. Consequently, a sense of trust cannot develop until infants are old enough to be aware of objects and persons and to have some feeling that they are separate individuals. At about 3 months of age, babies are likely to
46、 smile, if somebody comes close and talks to them. This shows that they are aware of the approach of the other person, that pleasurable sensations are aroused. If, however, the person moves too quickly or speaks too sharply, these babies may look and cry. They will not trust the unusual situation bu
47、t will have a feeling of uneasiness, of mistrust, instead. Experience connected with feeding are a prime source for the development of trust. At around 4 months of age, a hungry baby will grow quiet and show signs of pleasure at the sound of an approaching footstep, anticipating (trusting) that he o
48、r she will be held and fed. This repeated experience of being hungry, seeing food, receiving food, and feeling relieved and comforted assures the baby that the world is a dependable place. Later experiences, starting at around 5 months of age, add another dimension to the sense of trust. Though endless repetitions of attempts to grasp for and hold objects, most babies are finally successful in controlling and adapting their movements in such a way as to reach their goal. Through these and other feats of muscular coordination, babie