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1、 One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest（卑微的）（卑微的）to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone
2、. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast. Q: What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean? How do you deal with the unfamiliar words or expressions when reading?1. Ignore them and continue reading2. Guess the meanings of the new words.3. Look them up in
3、 the dictionary.4. . When reading, you should be able to guess the meanings of new words, expressions and sentences according to the context.考纲要求 常见提问形式常见提问形式1)What does the underlined word “” in the first paragraph mean?2) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word？3) T
4、he underlined word “”most probably means_.4) The underlined word “” could best be replaced by _.5) According to the passage, the underlined word “” is closest in meaning to“_”.6) From the context, we can infer that the word “” means _. .Good language learners learn to make intelligent guesses.How ca
5、n we guess out the meanings of the unknown words 通过定义，定语从句，同位语短语或从句，通过定义，定语从句，同位语短语或从句，is, means, that is(to say), or, or rather, i.e., in other words, namely, ：，：，( )， 来确定词义。来确定词义。1.DefinitionAWays of guessing new words:It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is, it will break easily. A. eas
6、ily broken B. soft inside C. very hard D. expensive 2. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a month. A. keeper of a group of animals, esp. cattleB. a butcher C. a man who sell sheep D. a person who looks after and kills animals3. The word “adolescence” means the periodbetween ch
7、ildren and adulthood. A. 少儿期 B. 幼儿期 C. 青春期 D. 成人期 ACWays of guessing new words:根据上下文中出现的对比，同义、反义或因果等关系，根据上下文中出现的对比，同义、反义或因果等关系，猜出该生词的意义。猜出该生词的意义。Pay attention to such words as: but, yet, however, though, although, while, on the contrary ,so, because, as a result, etc. A2. context4. Most of us agreed
8、, however, Bill dissented. A. have a different opinion B. support C. like it very much D. doesnt show his ideasWays of guessing new words:5. Twelveyearold Sally was an active girl, but her sister was quite sedate A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic6. The lack of movement caused the muscles
9、to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. A. going on for a long time B. that may be permitted C. not very strong D. in a bad conditionBAWays of guessing new words:3. Common sense 利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社会、科技等利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社会、科技等方面的知识猜词。方面的知识猜词。 ADWays o
10、f guessing new words:7. After Nobel invented dynamite, he became wealthy. A. 传真机 B. 冰箱 C. 蒸汽机 D. 炸药8. She read my letter slowly to the end and then tore it to shreds. A. pieces B. the whole C. envelope D. fires Pay attention to such words or phrases: and, but, or, than, more than, rather than, etc.
11、9. Most women in Ghana-the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.illiterate (uneducated) 文盲的10. It is really causing slight anger or irritation.Ways of guessing new words:4. Parallel11.
12、I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him. 12. Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.5. examplesSpecial attention to: for example, e.g, such as, such .etcWays of guessing new words:利用词的派生、转化、合成等知识猜词。利用词的派生、转化、合成等
13、知识猜词。13. We must safeguard the world peace. A. protect B. care C. prevent D. preserve14. Dont listen to his nonsense. A. having no meaning B. meaningless words C. humorous speech D. not making senseAB6. Word-formationWays of guessing new words:Task: Each group list out as many prefixes and suffixes
14、as possible and try to give some examples.1. Definition2. Context3. Common sense4. Parallel5. Examples 6. Word-formation特别提醒：特别提醒： 在推测生词的过程中不一定只用一种方法，可能在推测生词的过程中不一定只用一种方法，可能会会综合运用综合运用两种或几种方法，不管用什么办法都离不两种或几种方法，不管用什么办法都离不开开对生词所处的上下文的理解对生词所处的上下文的理解。ATTENTION No difficult words to a willing heart! Try y
15、our best to guess the meanings of new words and expressions in the context!1.We like our new house because it has a few elms in the backyard that will give us shade and keep the house cooler.A. a kind of building B. a kind of animalC. a kind of tree D. a kind of grass2. He had been getting better, b
16、ut during the night his condition deteriorated.A. got worse B. improvedC. recorded D. changed3. Mike gave his sister a small, red tulip because he knows how much she likes natural things.A. radio B. flower C. jewelry D. toy4. The driver tried to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden sto
17、p.A. avoid B. cause C. notice D. keep5. Sabots, or wooden shoes, are frequently worn by the field workers in Belgium and France.A. a kind of clothes B. a kind of capsC. a kind of shoes D. a kind of trousers6. Although the early morning had been very cold, the noonday sun was tropical.A. big B. red C
18、. high D. hot (7) July 21st , 2007 was a typical English summers day it rained for 24 hours! As usual, I rushed home from work at midday to check on the house. Nothing was amiss. By the time I left work at 5 pm, however, the road into our village was flooded. Our house had never been flooded but, as
19、 I opened the front door, a wave of water greeted me. Thank God the kids werent with me, because the house was 5 feet deep in water. We lost everything downstairs. 46. What does the underlined word “amiss” in the first paragraph mean? A. Wrong. B. Missing. C. Right. D. Found.however, (8) A two-bedro
20、om flat in Moscow now costs $4,000 a month; a CD $24.83, and an international newspaper $6.30, according to Mercer. By comparison, a fast food meal with a hamburger is a steal at $4.80.76. What do the underlined words “a steal” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. an act of stealing B. something deliciousC. somet
21、hing very cheap D. an act of buyingBy comparison (9)Not all of Moms advice passed the test of medical studies. For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Even though science can tell u
22、s that some of our traditional beliefs dont hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated from thousands of years of experience in family health care. 53. The phrase “hold water” in the last paragraph most probably means”_”.A
23、. to be believable B. to be valuable C. to be admirable D. to be suitablethere is still a lot oftruth in the old wives tales(10) So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a very limited number of studies, so were almost looking at the problem through a straw (吸管),” architec
24、t David Allison says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? Thats what were all struggling with.”66. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that _.A. the problem is not approached step by step B. the researches so far have
25、faults in themselves C. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect D. research in this area is not enough to make generalized patternsWe have a very limited number of studies(11) Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be. Places of business that used to keep daytime “business hours”
26、are now open late into the night. A half century ago in the United States, most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work, school time and summer time. Today the boundaries still exist, but they seem not clear.71. By saying “Sunday is more like Monday
27、 than it used to be,” the writer means that _.A. work time is equal to rest timeB. many people have a day off on MondayC. it is hard for people to decide when to restD. the line between work time and rest time is unclearToday the boundaries stillexist, but they seem not clear. (12)Hiking(远足) Please
28、stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists.52. What do the underlined words “pack out what you pack in” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. keep everything out of campgrounds.B. take away everything you bring in.C. carry all the necessary food. D. look after your personal belongings.so youleave no signs of your visit. Review ways of guessing the meaning of new words and finish the exercises on the learning material.