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1、状语从句状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句时间状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句1. 由由when, whenever, as , while, after, before, until, till, since, once, as soon as, 等引导的时间状语从句。等引导的时间状语从句。e.g. When the bell rang, the guard was waiting in his seat. While ants grow they change their forms three times.
2、 时间状语从句时间状语从句Three months went by before A qiao knew it. I waited till he had finished his task. Once you reminded me of the oldman, I will certainly remember him. 2. 由由the minute, the moment, the instant, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, every time, each time, the last time, a
3、ll the time, from the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly 等等引导的时间状语从句。引导的时间状语从句。e.g. I recognized you the minute I saw you. 我一见到你就认出了你。我一见到你就认出了你。We were there the week it snowed soheavily.雪下得很大的那一周我们在那里。雪下得很大的那一周我们在那里。e.g. He called on me the day he arrived. 他来的那一天就访问了我。他来的那一天就访问了我。
4、3. 其中其中the minute, the moment, the instant, the second, 以及以及immediately, instantly, directly 表达的意思一样表达的意思一样, 都都是是 “一一就就” 可替换。可替换。e.g. You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes. You must show the gentleman in the minute /the moment/instantly he comes. Translate the following sentences.你一按按钮
5、你一按按钮, ,灯就会亮。灯就会亮。 他一出现他一出现, ,便一片沉寂。便一片沉寂。 The lamp will light instantly you press the button. Directly he appeared there was dead silence. 4. 另外还要注意另外还要注意 hardly when , scarcely when , no sooner than 的意义和用法。的意义和用法。 意思都是意思都是 “一一就就”。 通常通常hardly, scarcely, no sooner 位于句首位于句首,后后主句用主句用had done,且倒装。而且倒装。
6、而when, than 后面的从句用一般过去时。后面的从句用一般过去时。e.g. Hardly/scarcely had I got home when it started to rain. Hardly/Scarcely had I arrived when he called me. 我刚到他就给我打电话了。我刚到他就给我打电话了。No sooner had I reached the station than the train left. 我们刚到火车站火车就走了。我们刚到火车站火车就走了。5. when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句的引导的时间状语从句的 区别。区别。1
7、) “当当.时时”讲讲, when可以和延续性可以和延续性动词连用动词连用, 也可以和短暂性动词连也可以和短暂性动词连用用, 而而while 和和as只能和延续性动词只能和延续性动词连用。连用。e.g. Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one? Sorry, I was out when you called me. Strike while the iron is hot. The students took notes as they listened. get 为短暂性动词为短暂性动词call为短暂性动词为短暂性动
8、词is为延续性动词为延续性动词listen 为延续性动词为延续性动词2) when 从句的谓语动词可以在主句动词从句的谓语动词可以在主句动词之前或之后发生或同时发生。而之前或之后发生或同时发生。而while 和和as 从句的动词必须是和主句的动词从句的动词必须是和主句的动词同时发生。同时发生。 e.g. When he had finished his homework, he took a rest. When I got to the airport, the guests had left. had finished 先发生先发生got to 后发生后发生即当主从句动作同时发生即当主从句
9、动作同时发生, 且从句动且从句动作为延续性动词时作为延续性动词时, 三者可互换。三者可互换。 e.g. When/While/As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter. 当她在打电话的时候，我在写信。当她在打电话的时候，我在写信。3) when 可以表示可以表示 “在那时在那时”。 be about to do when had done when be doing when e.g. I was about to go out when the phone rang. 我正打算出去这时电话响了。我正打算出去这时电话响了。I
10、was on the point of reading books when someone knocked at the door. 我正在读书这时有人敲门。我正在读书这时有人敲门。4) as 可以表示可以表示 “因为因为” “作为作为” “随着随着” “一一 边边 . 一边一边 .”e.g. As the time went on, the weather got worse. 随着时间的流失随着时间的流失, 天气越来越糟了。天气越来越糟了。The little girl sang as she went. 小女孩边走边唱。小女孩边走边唱。5) 在将来时的从句中常用在将来时的从句中常用wh
11、en, 且从句必且从句必须用一般现在时。须用一般现在时。e.g. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it. 6) when还用在表示还用在表示 “一一就就”的的句句 型中。型中。e.g. Hardly/Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang. 7) while 还做并列连词还做并列连词 “然而然而” 表对比。表对比。和从属连词和从属连词 “尽管尽管” 的意思的意思, 相当与相当与though/ although。 e.g. While he is a
12、 little boy, he knows a lot. 当他还是个小男生时就知道很多了。当他还是个小男生时就知道很多了。 Im working while my wife is watching TV. 我正在工作而我妻子正在看电视。我正在工作而我妻子正在看电视。1. Was his father strict with him when he was at school? - Yes. He had never praised him_ he became one of top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. wh
13、en 2. _ you told me, I had no idea of it. A. Until B. When C. While D. As 3. It was foolish of you to take a taxi_ you could easily walk there in 5 minutes. A. before B. till C. so that D. when. Underline the correct form of the verb. 1. When the astronauts returned/were returning to Earth, they gav
14、e/were giving a press conference. 2. While the fans waited/ were waiting in the front of the hotel, the film star arrived/was arriving at the back. 3. While I walked/was walking to school, I met/was meeting an alien in the street. _原因状语从句原因状语从句1. 由由because, as, since, now that 引导的原引导的原 因状语从句。因状语从句。e
15、.g. As the tree was a very small one, it doesnt take long to chop it down. Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr. Smith wanted to give John a chance. Now that all the guests have arrived, lets have dinner. 2. 形容词形容词glad, sorry, afraid, pleased , satisfied, proud delighted, 可接一个可接一个that引导的原
16、因状语从句引导的原因状语从句, 且且that可省略。可省略。 e.g. Im glad (that) you told me about it. 我很高兴你把这件事告诉了我。我很高兴你把这件事告诉了我。Im sorry (that) I havent done so much as I should. 对不起对不起,我没有做我该做的那么多。我没有做我该做的那么多。Im afraid (that) he hasnt passed the exam. 恐怕他考试不及格了。恐怕他考试不及格了。 We feel proud (that) our country is getting stronger.
17、 我们很自豪我们的国家越来越壮大。我们很自豪我们的国家越来越壮大。原因状语从句中应注意的问题原因状语从句中应注意的问题as, because, for, since 的区别的区别1) as作为从属连词引导原因状语从句时作为从属连词引导原因状语从句时,语气不如语气不如because 强烈。强烈。从句常放在句从句常放在句首首, 说明原因说明原因, 主句则说明结果。主句则说明结果。 2) because 引导从句时引导从句时, 语气最强语气最强, 直接回直接回答答why的问句。的问句。引导的句子是语意中引导的句子是语意中心所在心所在, 一般在句后。一般在句后。 3) for作为并列连词作为并列连词,
18、 ,多用于书面语中多用于书面语中, ,表示原因表示原因, , 语气最弱语气最弱, , 往往含往往含对所对所作论述提供情况或补充说明之意。作论述提供情况或补充说明之意。它引导的句子它引导的句子一般在主句之后。一般在主句之后。 4) since表示表示原因是双方已知道的。原因是双方已知道的。 Complete the sentences using the correct punctuation. 1. the story is in the newspaper/everyone believes it is true (since) Since the story is in the newsp
19、aper, everyone believes it is true. 2. he was the first Chinese person to travel in space/he is a national hero (as) As he was the first Chinese person to travel in space, he is a national hero.3. I have a telescope/I can look at the stars (now that) Now that I have a telescope, I can look at the st
20、ars.4. Wus parents were born in China/he was able to speak to Yang in Chinese (as) As Wus parents were born in China, he was able to speak to Yang in Chinese.1. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. though B. for C. but D. so2. Did you return Freds call
21、? I didnt need to _ Ill see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because3. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _ this was a memory she especially treasured. A. as B. if C. when D. where4. Animals suffered at the hands of Man _ they were destroyed by people
22、to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people. A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that5. I hope youve got your own car, _ if you havent we may have to hire one. A. because B. so that C. ever since D. when6. _ youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon asRevise what we learned in this class and finish exercises 1- 4 on page 91.