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1、2021四川职称英语考试真题卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Brotherly LoveAdidas and Puma have been two of the biggest names in sports shoe manufacturing for over half a century.Since 1928 they have supplied shoes for Olympic athletes, World Cup-winning football her
2、oes, Muhammad Ali, hip hop stars and rock musicians famous all over the world. But the story of these two companies begins in one house in the town of Herzogenaurach, Germany.Adolph and Rudolph Dassler were the sons of a shoemaker. They loved sport but complained that they could never find comfortab
3、le shoes to play in. Rudolph always said, “You cannot play sports wearing shoes that youd walk around town with. ” So they started making their own. In 1920 Adolph made the first pair of athletics shoes with spikes (IP , produced on the Dasslers kitchen table.On 1st July 1924 they formed a shoe comp
4、any, Dassler Brothers Ltd and they worked together for many years. The company became successful and it provided the shoes for Germanys athletes at the 1928 and 1932 Olympic Games.But in 1948 the brothers argued. No one knows exactly what happened, but family members have suggested that the argument
5、 was about money or women. The result was that Adolph left the company. His nickname was Adi, and using this and the first three letters of the family name, Dassler, he founded Adidas.Rudolph relocated across the River Aurach and founded his own company too. At first he wanted to call it Ruda, but e
6、ventually he called it Puma, after the wild cat. The famous Puma logo of the jumping cat has hardly changed since.After the big split of 1948 Adolph and Rudolph never spoke to each other again and their companies have now been in competition for over sixty years. Both companies were for many years t
7、he market leaders, though Adidas has always been more successful than Puma. A hip hop group, Run DMC, has even written a song called “My Adidas” and in 2005 Adidas bought Reebok, another big sports shoe company.The terrible family argument should really be forgotten, but ever since it happened, over
8、 sixty years ago, the town has been split into two. Even now, some Adidas employees and Puma employees dont talk to each other.Adidas and puma began to make shoes at the end of 19th century.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 2.A. their workforce B. huge portions C. large quantities D. their money E. a good
9、barging F. minor brandsBig supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in_ 3.How Technology Pushes Down Price1. Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution technology. Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. Peopl
10、e who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less capital. Food is therefore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been. Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years, and continues to drop.2. Supermar
11、kets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale. Like any big business, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. As supermarkets get bigger, the prices get lower.3. Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power
12、and they can put pressure on producers to cut their margins. As a result, some producers have had to make cuts. In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33, 000 to 245, 000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its “path to growth” strategy. Cadbury has shut nearly 20 percent of
13、its 133 factories and cut 10 percent of its 55, 000 global workforce. These cuts help keep costs down, and the price of food stays low.4. Does cheap food make people unhealthy Cheap food may encourage people to eat more. Good companies certainly think that giving people more food for their money mak
14、es them buy more. Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America, soft drinks came in 8oz (225g) cans in the past, then 12oz (350g), and now come in 20oz (550g) cans. If a company can sell you
15、an 8oz portion for $7, they can sell you a 12oz portion for $ 8. The only extra cost to the company is the food, which probably costs 25 cents.5. Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money. But it is hard to change the trend. A. Huge retailers force producers to
16、cunt costs B. Consumers like supermarkets C. Technology helps reduce food prices D. Food comes cheaper in larger portions E. Chain stores provide better service F. Bigger supermarkets offer lower pricesParagraph 2_ 4.Brotherly LoveAdidas and Puma have been two of the biggest names in sports shoe man
17、ufacturing for over half a century.Since 1928 they have supplied shoes for Olympic athletes, World Cup-winning football heroes, Muhammad Ali, hip hop stars and rock musicians famous all over the world. But the story of these two companies begins in one house in the town of Herzogenaurach, Germany.Ad
18、olph and Rudolph Dassler were the sons of a shoemaker. They loved sport but complained that they could never find comfortable shoes to play in. Rudolph always said, “You cannot play sports wearing shoes that youd walk around town with. ” So they started making their own. In 1920 Adolph made the firs
19、t pair of athletics shoes with spikes (IP , produced on the Dasslers kitchen table.On 1st July 1924 they formed a shoe company, Dassler Brothers Ltd and they worked together for many years. The company became successful and it provided the shoes for Germanys athletes at the 1928 and 1932 Olympic Gam
20、es.But in 1948 the brothers argued. No one knows exactly what happened, but family members have suggested that the argument was about money or women. The result was that Adolph left the company. His nickname was Adi, and using this and the first three letters of the family name, Dassler, he founded
21、Adidas.Rudolph relocated across the River Aurach and founded his own company too. At first he wanted to call it Ruda, but eventually he called it Puma, after the wild cat. The famous Puma logo of the jumping cat has hardly changed since.After the big split of 1948 Adolph and Rudolph never spoke to e
22、ach other again and their companies have now been in competition for over sixty years. Both companies were for many years the market leaders, though Adidas has always been more successful than Puma. A hip hop group, Run DMC, has even written a song called “My Adidas” and in 2005 Adidas bought Reebok
23、, another big sports shoe company.The terrible family argument should really be forgotten, but ever since it happened, over sixty years ago, the town has been split into two. Even now, some Adidas employees and Puma employees dont talk to each other.The brothers father was a ball maker.ARightBWrongC
24、Not mentioned 5.Voice Your Opinion; Change is Needed in Youth SportsEverywhere you look, you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet And these kids are getting younger and younger. In some countries, children can compete on basketball, baseball, and volleyball teams starting at age
25、 nine._ (46) And swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four, to prepare children for competition. Its true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams. _ (47) This emphasis on competition in sports is having seri
26、ous negative effects.Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport. Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it. _ (48) But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport-for fun. Another p
27、roblem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches. Children are not naturally competitive. In fact, a recent study by Paulo David found that most children dont even understand the idea of competition until they are seven years old. _ (49) The third, and biggest, problem for youn
28、g athletes is the lack of time to do their homework, have fun, be with friendsin short, time to be kids. When they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice, they often start to hate their chosen sport. A searchers found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competitive sports before
29、 the age of twelve quit before they turn eighteen. _ (50) Excessive competitiveness took away all the enjoyment.Need to remember the purpose of youth sportsto give kids a chance to have developing strong, healthy bodies.A. Survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their childr
30、en to concentrate on one sports.B. The young soccer organization has teams for children as young as five.C. Many of them completely lose interest in sports.D. Sports for children have two important purposes.E. But what about the others, the average kidsF. Very young kids dont know why their parents
31、are pushing them so hard. 6.第二篇From Ponzi to MadoffThe year was 1920. The country was the United States of America. The mans name was Charles Ponzi. Ponzi told people to stop depositing money in a savings account. Instead, they should give it to him to save for them. Ponzi promised to pay them more
32、than the bank. For example, a savings account might pay you $ 5 a year for every $ 100 you deposit. Ponzi, however, would pay you $ 40 a year for every $ 100 you gave him to hold. Many people thought this was a good plan. They began to give their money to Ponzi.How could Ponzi make so much money for
33、 people This is what he did with the money people gave him: He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money. However, he also kept a lot of the money for himself. Soon he had $ 250 million. This was a kind of theft, and it was against the law. The people who gave him their money di
34、dnt think anything was wrong. Ponzi paid them every month, just like a bank. Ponzi continued this way of working for two years. Then one day, he didnt have enough money to pay all the people. They discovered his crime, and he went to prison for fraud.Ninety years later, people began to hear about a
35、businessman in New York named Bernard Madoff. People said he gave good advice about money. They said when they gave him their money, he paid them a lot more than the bank. Madoff helped hospitals, schools, and individuals earn money. Over a period of 40 years, people gave him $ 170 billion. However,
36、 no one investigated what he did with the money. The people who gave Madoff their money also didnt think anything was wrong because he paid them every month.One day, Madoff didnt have enough money to pay all the people he needed to pay. Thats when people discovered how Madoff worked; He was taking m
37、oney from some people to pay other people, just the way Charles Ponzi did. However, this time, instead of losing millions of dollars, people lost billions.Madoff was accused of fraud, and United States government officials arrested him. He didnt have to go on trial because he said he was guilty. In
38、2009, a judge sentenced him to 150 years in prison. Bernard Madoffs crime was even bigger than Ponzis. It was the biggest fraud in history. The lesson of this story is clear; When something seems too good to be true, it probably is!For every $ 100 Ponzi promises to pay people _.A$ 5 a yearB$ 40 a ye
39、arC$ 20 a yearD$ 100 a year 7.第一篇Oseola McCartyLate one Sunday afternoon in September 1999, Oseola McCarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like an ordinary end to a humble life, but there was somethin
40、g quite exceptional about this woman.In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150, 000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown. The money was to help other African Americans through university. She had started her savings habit as
41、a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.She led a simple, frugal existence, never spending on anything but her most basic needs. Her bank also advised her on investing her hard-earned savings.When she retired, she decided that she wanted
42、to use the money to give children of limited means the opportunity to go to university. She had wanted to become a nurse, but had to leave school to look after ill relatives and work. When asked why she had given her life savings away, she replied, “Im giving it away so that children wont have to wo
43、rk so hard, like I did. ” After news of her donation hit the media, over 600 donations were made to the scholarship fund. One was given by media executive, Ted Turner, who reputedly gave a billion dollars.She didnt want any fuss made over her gift, but the news got out and she was invited all over t
44、he United States to talk to people. Wherever she went, people would come up to her to say a few words or to just touch her. She met the ordinary and the famous, President Clinton included. In the last few years of her life, before she died of cancer, McCarty was given over 300 awards: she was honore
45、d by the United Nations and received the Presidential Citizens Medal. Despite having no real education, she found herself with two honorary doctorates: one from the University of Southern Mississippi and the other from Harvard University. Her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many and proof t
46、hat true selflessness does exist.This woman shocked and inspired the world because_.Ashe had managed to save so much moneyBshe gave her money to African AmericansCshe gave her life savings to help others through universityDshe only spent money on cheap things 8.第三篇Gross National HappinessIn the last
47、 century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist ($&!&) culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhuta
48、n, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross National Product (GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the