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1、2021年同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试真题卷（7）本卷共分为2大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共25题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Passage Four Within a large concrete room, cut out of a mountain on a freezing-cold island just 1,000 kilometers from the North Pole, could lie the future of humanity. The room is a vault (地下库) des
2、igned to hold around 2 million seeds, representing all known varieties of the worlds crops. It is being built to safeguard the worlds food supply against nuclear war, climate change, terrorism, rising sea levels, earthquakes and the collapse of electricity supplies. If the worst came to the worst, t
3、his would allow the world to reconstruct agriculture on this planet, says Cary Fowler, director of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, an independent international organization promoting the project. The Norwegian (挪威的) government is planning to create the seed bank next year at the request of crop sci
4、entists. The $3 million vault will be built deep inside a sandstone mountain on the Norwegian Arctic island of Spitsbergen. The vault will have metre-thick walls of reinforced concrete and will be protected behind two airlocks and high-security doors. The vaults seed collection will represent the pr
5、oducts of some 10, 000 years of plant breeding by the worlds farmers. Though most are no longer widely planted, the varieties contain vital genetic properties still regularly used in plant breeding. To survive, the seeds need freezing temperatures. Operators plan to replace the air inside the vault
6、each winter, when temperatures in Spitsbergen are around -18. But even if some disaster meant that the vault was abandoned, the permanently frozen soil would keep the seeds alive. And even accelerated global warming would take many decades to penetrate the mountain vault. This will be the worlds mos
7、t secure gene bank, says Fowler. But. its seeds will only be used when all other samples have gone for some reason. The project comes at a time when there is growing concern about the safety of existing seed banks around the world. Many have been criticized for their poor security, ageing refrigerat
8、ion (冷藏) systems and vulnerable electricity supplies. The scheme won UN approval at a meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome in October 2005. A feasibility study said the facility would essentially be built to last forever.The seed band project was proposed by _. Athe Norwegian gov
9、ernmentBNorwegian farmersCSpitsbergen residentsDagricultural scientists 2.Passage Five Probably the hardest part of setting goals is the first step of actually deciding to take action! The first barrier facing most people is the incorrect assumption that goals are only for business people. The reali
10、ty is everyone sets goals mentally throughout the day. There are always occasions where something has to be done at a particular time or in a particular place. Simple examples could be getting up at a certain time in order to be at work, or to meet with a friend for a leisure activity. The beauty of
11、 having goals is the uniqueness of each one to the goal setter. Whether it is personal, financial, business or spiritual, they are all specific to that person and their circumstances. The most important part initially is to write them down. Having goals written down gives you incredible power while
12、helping you to focus on this area. Aim for something that will stretch you while remaining achievable. If you achieve your goal too easily, it is not high enough to make any significant change in your life and needs to be adjusted. On the other hand, if you consistently miss the goals, re-evaluate,
13、and consider setting them a little lower as you will only get discouraged and probably give up. The aim is to keep growing, and moving into a more satisfactory position for your particular circumstances. As you obtain the levels that you have set for yourself, always include a small reward at each p
14、oint. This might only be a small thing in the early days like a meal out or a weekend vacation. Remember that these changes will not happen overnight and there will be a period of time when nothing seems to be happening. This is why the goals need to be detailed and as specific as possible with cons
15、equence and benefit. Allow some time on a daily basis to educate yourself on how to make the necessary adjustments in your life. This could include listening to a CD, or reading a book on motivation etc. A simple method to start with could be one goal in the main areas of life to be achieved in one
16、month, six months, twelve months or five years. Break that down further into a daily, weekly and monthly system. Stay focused and disciplined to achieve all that you desire.The charm of having goals is that each goal is _. AimportantBmotivatedCspecialDspiritual 3.Passage One The job was done, and it
17、 was time for a last cigarette. Eddie began tapping the pockets of his overalls, looking for the new packet of Marlboro he bought that morning. It was not there. It was as he swung around to look in his toolbox for the cigarettes that Eddie saw the lump. Right in the middle of the brand new bright r
18、ed carpet, there was a lump. A lump the size of a packet of cigarettes. Ive done it again said Eddie angrily. Ive left the cigarettes under the carpet He had done this once before, and taking up and refitting the carpet had taken him two hours. Eddie was determined that he was not going to spend ano
19、ther two hours in this house. He decided to get rid of the lump another way. It would mean wasting a good packet of cigarettes, nearly full, but anything was better than taking up the whole carpet and fitting it again .He turned to his toolbox for a large hammer. Eddie didnt want to damage the carpe
20、t itself, so he took a block of wood and placed it on top of the lump. Then he began to beat the block of wood as hard as he could. He kept beating, hoping Mrs. Vanbrugh wouldnt hear the noise and come to see what he was doing. It would be difficult to explain why he was hammering the middle of her
21、beautiful new carpet. The lump was beginning to flatten out. After three or four minutes, the job was finally finished. Eddie picked up his tools, and began to walk out to his car. Mrs. Vanbrugh accompanied him. She seemed a little worried about something. Young man, while you were working today, yo
22、u didnt by any chance see any sign of Armand, did you Armand is my bird. I let him out of his cage, you see, this morning, and hes disappeared. He likes to walk around the house, and he usually just comes back to his cage after an hour or so and gets right in. Only today he didnt come back. Hes neve
23、r done such a thing before, its most peculiar. No, madam, I havent seen him anywhere, said Eddie, as he reached to start the car. And he saw his packet of Marlboro cigarettes on the panel, where he had left it at lunchtime. And he remembered the lump in the carpet.What did Eddie do with the hammer A
24、He drove nails into the lump.BHe fixed his toolbox.CHe flattened the lump.DHe refitted the carpet. 4. A presentation has two important components: what you say and (56) you deliver it. The term delivery covers a wide (57) of features of speaking and eye contact is one of them. The appropriate use of
25、 eye contact (58) from one culture to another. In some cultures, women are (59) to lower their eyes in most communication (60) ; in others, younger people must keep their eyes lowered when addressing older people. (61) , in the United States, (62) you are addressing an individual, a small group of p
26、eople, or a larger audience, you are expected to look at them. You do not have to stare (63) and continuously; (64) , it is appropriate when speaking to one person to (65) occasionally. In a small group you should look around at the different members of the group. (66) when addressing a larger audie
27、nce, you should try to make eye contact with different people around the room. It is important to look at the (67) Audience, not just the people in the center of the room, (68) you will probably have to turn your head and/or your body in order to make proper eye contact with people (69) at the sides
28、 of the room. If you look at the floor or the ceiling, you will give the impression that you are not interested in your audience. A speaker establishes friendly relationship with the audience mainly (70) eye contact, and good relationship is essential to the success of any speech. AstretchBexpanseCe
29、xtentDrange 5.Passage Three In her international bestselling Talk to the Hand, author Lynne Truss argues that common courtesies such as saying Excuse me are practically extinct. There are certainly plenty who would agree with her. Is it really true We decided to find out by experiments. In dozens of
30、 American cities, our reporters performed two experiments: door tests (would anyone hold one open for them); and document drops (who would help them retrieve a pile of accidentally dropped papers). Along the way, the reporters encountered all types; men and women of different races, ages, profession
31、s, and income levels. While 90 percent of the people passed the door test, only 55 percent passed the document drop. Are people less likely to help others when doing so takes extra effort or time Not always, the reporters found. Take the pregnant woman who thought nothing of bending down to help us
32、with our papers. Or the woman named Liz who balanced two coffees, her keys and her wallet on a takeout tray with one hand, while picking up papers off the wet pavement with the other, her reason for helping I was there, she said. Overall, men were the most willing to help, especially when it came to
33、 document drops. In those, men offered aid 63 percent of the time, compared to 47 percent among women. Of course, men werent entirely democratic about whom theyd help. All of them held the door for the female reporter, and were more than twice as likely to help her pick up fallen papers than they we
34、re to help our male reporter. By far, the most common reason people cited for being willing to go out of their way to help others was their upbringing. Its the way I was raised, said one young woman who held a door open despite struggling with her umbrella on a rainy day in Brooklyn. We realize this
35、 isnt a rigorous scientific study, but we believe it is a reasonable real-world test of good manners around the globe. And its comforting to know that in a place where millions of people push one another each day to get ahead, theyre able to do it with a smile. Hey, if they can make nice here, they
36、can make nice anywhere.The examples of the pregnant woman and Liz are used to show that some people _. Amay take the trouble to help othersBwont take the trouble to help othersCmay help others save timeDWont help others save time 6.Passage Two If two scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory are
37、correct, People will still be driving gasoline-powered cars 50 years from now, giving out heat-trapping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere-and yet that carbon dioxide will not contribute to global warming. The scientists, F. Jeffrey Martin and William L. Kubic Jr., are proposing a concept, which the
38、y have patriotically named Green Freedom for removing carbon dioxide from the air and turning it back into gasoline. The idea is simple. Air would be blown over a liquid solution which would absorb the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide would then be extracted and subjected to chemical reactions tha
39、t would turn it into fuel. Although they have not yet built a fuel factory, or even a small prototype, the scientists say it is all based on existing technology. Everything in the concept has been built, is operating or has a close cousin that is operating, Dr. Martin said. The proposal does not vio
40、late any laws of physics, and other scientists have independently suggested similar ideas. In the efforts to reduce humanitys emissions of carbon dioxide, three solutions have been offered; hydrogen-powered cars, electric cars and biofuels. Biofuels are gasoline substitutes produced from plants like
41、 corn or sugar cane. Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow, but growing crops for fuel takes up wide strips of land. Hydrogen-powered cars emit no carbon dioxide, but producing hydrogen requires energy, and if that energy comes from coal-fired power plants, then the problem has not been solved.
42、The problem with electric cars is that they have typically been limited to a range of tens of miles as opposed to the hundreds of miles that can be driven on a tank of gas. Gasoline, it turns out, is an almost ideal fuel (except that it produces carbon dioxide). If it can be made out of carbon dioxi
43、de in the air, the Los Alamos concept may mean there is little reason to switch, after all. Its definitely worth pursuing, said Martin I. Hoffert, a professor of physics at New York University. It has a couple of pieces to it that are interesting. Other scientists also said the proposal looked promi
44、sing but could not evaluate it fully because the details had not been published.What is the biggest problem with hydrogen-powered cars AThere is no cheap source of hydrogen.BThere might be a safety problem in hydrogen production.CThey may still be a cause of global warming.DThey are not suitable for
45、 long-distance travel. 7. A presentation has two important components: what you say and (56) you deliver it. The term delivery covers a wide (57) of features of speaking and eye contact is one of them. The appropriate use of eye contact (58) from one culture to another. In some cultures, women are (
46、59) to lower their eyes in most communication (60) ; in others, younger people must keep their eyes lowered when addressing older people. (61) , in the United States, (62) you are addressing an individual, a small group of people, or a larger audience, you are expected to look at them. You do not ha
47、ve to stare (63) and continuously; (64) , it is appropriate when speaking to one person to (65) occasionally. In a small group you should look around at the different members of the group. (66) when addressing a larger audience, you should try to make eye contact with different people around the roo
48、m. It is important to look at the (67) Audience, not just the people in the center of the room, (68) you will probably have to turn your head and/or your body in order to make proper eye contact with people (69) at the sides of the room. If you look at the floor or the ceiling, you will give the impression that you are not interested in your audience. A speaker establishes friendly relationship with the audience mainly (70) eye contact, and good relationship is essential t