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1、2021宁夏公共英语考试真题卷（4）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Perth is actually a very young city which sits on the north bank of the Swan River. I’m sure many of you have already seen it. Less than 200 years ago the entire city center was an undeveloped wetland
2、. Perth was founded by the British as the Swan River settlement in 1829, although the Dutch had visited other parts of the state much earlier. It grew quite slowly in the beginning, mostly because it was so isolated. There were constant problems with communications, and labor was always in short sup
3、ply. Then in the 1890s gold was discovered in Western Australia and Perth boomed.Anyway, there are now around 1.4 million people living in Perth and its suburbs. The city itself has sprawled in all directions and it will take you months to see it all. It stretches from the Darling Rangeschain of hil
4、lsn the east, to the Indian Ocean in the West. It has swallowed Perth’s southern sister city, Fremantle and almost reaches the small township of Yanchep in the north.When was the city of Perth founded ()AIn 1892.BIn the 1980s.CIn the 1890s.DIn 1829.2.There is one kind of pain for which nobody
5、has yet found a cure-the pain that comes from the ending of a relationship. The relationship could be a marriage or a deep friendship. Such a relationship may come to a sudden end; or it may simply fade away slowly as people and circumstances change. You may be the one to break it off’, with a
6、 short note or a brief phone call. Or you may be on the receiving end. However it ended and whoever decided to end it, the pain is equally hard to bear and it requires the same time for grief. Although there is no cure for grief, we can not help looking for one, to ease the pain and to make us forge
7、t our tears. We keep ourselves busy with work, or we try to plunge ourselves into our hobbies. Perhaps we start to drink more than we should to drown our sorrows, or we follow the conventional advice and join a club or society. But these things cannot cure it. Moreover, we are always in a hurry to g
8、et rid of our grief. We feel that we should try to convince ourselves, as we bite on the pillow, that we are much too old to be crying. Some people bury their grief deep inside themselves. Others seek relief by pouring their hearts out to their friends, or to anyone else who can offer a sympathetic
9、shoulder to cry on. It is not easy to explain why we adopt these attitudes to emotional pain. Part of the answer must lie in the nature of grief itself. The important thing to admit about grief, then, is that it will take its time. By trying to convince ourselves that it ought to be over sooner, we
10、create an additional tension which can only make things worse.How much time is needed will vary from person to person, but psychiatrists have a rule of thumb: grief will last as long as the original relationship lasted. The sad thing is that, when the breakdown occurs, we can only stumble forward ov
11、er the stones beneath our feet. It is dark ahead, and we will fall painfully many times before we begin to see the light at the end of the tunnel.The passage is mainly about().Ahow to erase the emotional painBwhat is the emotional pain likeCwhat cause the emotional painDwhy to erase the emotional pa
12、in3.People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy one plate
13、, one knife, one spoon, one fork, for ’each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, five spoons, and five forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtra
14、ction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and returned seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.Of course, the truth is not so simple. In this century,
15、 the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped-or, as the case might be, bumped into-concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that qu
16、antity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, when asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have sugge
17、sted that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort.They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers-the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is prerequisite for doing anything more mathematcally demanding tha
18、n setting a table-is itself far from innate.What does the passage mainly discuss ()ATrends in teaching mathematics to children.BThe use of mathematics in child psychology.CThe development of mathematical ability in children.DThe fundamental concepts of mathematics that children must learn.4.A major
19、reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The male animal (21) an area. The size of the area is sufficient to provide food for him, his (22) and their offspring. Migrating birds, for example, divide up the best territory in the order of first come, first (23) The late arrivals may acquir
20、e (24) territories, but less food is (25) , or they are too close to the (26) of the enemies of the species.When there is conflict over territory, animals will commonly use force, or a (27) of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, however, that animals seem t
21、o use only the (28) amount of force necessary to drive away the intruder. There is usually no killing. In the (29) of those animals which are capable of doing each other harm, there is a (30) for the losing animal to show the (31) animal that he wishes to submit. When he shows this, the (32) normall
22、y stops fighting. Animals (especially birds), which can easily escape from conflict seem to have no (33) against killing, and equally no (34) for (35) . The losing bird simply flies away. However, if two doves age (36) in a cage, and they start fighting, they will (37) to fight until one kills the o
23、ther. We all think of the dove (38) a (39) of peace and, in its natural habitat, it is peaceful. But the peace mechanism does not (40) in a cage.21().AestablishesBbuildsCfoundsDerects5.It was unfortunate that, after so trouble-free an arrival, he should stumble in the dark as he was rising and sever
24、ely twist his ankle on a piece of rock. After the first shock the pain became bearable, and he gathered up his parachute before limping into the trees to hide it as best as he could. The hardness of the ground and the deep darkness made it almost impossible to do this efficiently. The pine needles l
25、ay several inches deep, so he simply pile them on top of the parachute, cutting the short twigs that he could feel around his legs, and spreading them on top of the needles. He had great doubts about whether it would stay buried, but there was very little else that he could do about it.After limping
26、 for some distance in an indirect course away from his parachute he began to make his way downhill through the trees. He had to find out where he was, and then decide what to do next. But walking downhill on a rapidly swelling ankle soon proved to be almost beyond his powers. He moved more and more
27、slowly, walking in long sideway movements across the slope, which meant taking more steps but less painful ones. By the time he cleared the trees and reached the valley, day was breaking. Mist hung in soft sheets across the fields. Small cottages and farm buildings grouped like sleeping cattle aroun
28、d a village church, whose pointed tower pointed high into the cold winter air to welcome the morning.I can’t go much farther, John Harding thought. Someone is bound to find me, but what can I do I must get a rest before I go on. They’ll look for me first up there on the mountain where th
29、e plane crashed. I bet they’ re out looking for it already and they are bound to find the parachute in the end. I can’ t believe they won’t. So they’ll know I’ m not dead and must be somewhere. They’llthink I’m hiding up there in the trees and rocks so they&
30、rsquo;ll look for me there. So I’ll go down to the village. With luck by the evening my foot will be good enough to get me to the border.Far above him on the mountainside he could hear the faint echo of voices, startling him after the great silence. Looking up he saw lights like little pinpoin
31、ts moving across the face of the mountain in the gray light. But the road was deserted, and he struggled along, still almost invisible in the first light, easing his aching foot whenever he could, avoiding stones and rough places, and limping quietly and painfully towards the village. He reached the
32、 church at last. A great need for peace almost drew him inside, but he knew that would not do. Instead, he limped along its walls towards a very old building standing a short distance from the church doors. It seemed to have been there forever, as if it had grown out of the hill inside. It had the s
33、ame air of timelessness as the church. John Harding pushed open the heavy wooden door and slipped inside.It was really hard for John to hide the parachute because ().Ahe had sprained his ankleBthe parachute was very heavyCit was pitch-dark there and the ground was hardDthere were less pine needles o
34、n the ground6.Are you afraid to raise your hand in class, even when you know the answer If you are, most people would say that you’re shy.If you feel shy, you’re not alone. Nine out of ten people are at least a little shy. But however shy you are, scientific evidence seems to show that i
35、t isn’t your fault. You may have been born that way.How do psychologists measure shyness One way is by observation. They keep detailed records of people’s actionslike how often these people speak to others, or how long it takes someone to say hello to a stranger.Another way to measure sh
36、yness is to ask people questions. The test only takes about 10 minutes. It asks questions like Do you like going out a lot and Do you have many friends People must answer either yes or no. These questions can predict how people actually behave in social situations. Suppose the test tells you that so
37、meone is shy. Chances are good that that person will act shy.When scientists measure shyness, they’re really comparing degrees of shyness. In other words, when researchers say people are shy, they really mean they are more shy than others.What is one of the ways suggested by psychologists for
38、measuring shyness ()ABy prediction.BBy observation.CBy recording.DBy examination.7.Perth is actually a very young city which sits on the north bank of the Swan River. I’m sure many of you have already seen it. Less than 200 years ago the entire city center was an undeveloped wetland. Perth was
39、 founded by the British as the Swan River settlement in 1829, although the Dutch had visited other parts of the state much earlier. It grew quite slowly in the beginning, mostly because it was so isolated. There were constant problems with communications, and labor was always in short supply. Then i
40、n the 1890s gold was discovered in Western Australia and Perth boomed.Anyway, there are now around 1.4 million people living in Perth and its suburbs. The city itself has sprawled in all directions and it will take you months to see it all. It stretches from the Darling Rangeschain of hillsn the eas
41、t, to the Indian Ocean in the West. It has swallowed Perth’s southern sister city, Fremantle and almost reaches the small township of Yanchep in the north.Why did Perth develop very slowly at the beginning according to the introduction ()AIt was occupied by Britain.BIt was a wetland.CIt scarce
42、ly contacted the other cities.DIt had no rich natural resources.8.David Smith and his wife went to the Isle of Wight for their summer holiday. But they were by no means pleased with their hotel. As soon as they returned home, David decided to write to the manager of the travel agency.David: Can you
43、spare a moment, dear I want you to listen to this letter.Sally: Go ahead, then.David: Dear Sir, my wife and I arrived home last night after a holiday arranged by your firm, inJersey. We stayed at the hotel described in your brochure as a comfortable, medium-sized hotel, with a magnificent view of th
44、e sea, offering courteous, old fashioned service and excellent food, served in a relaxed friendly atmosphere.Sally: Yes, that’s what the brochure said.David: In fact the hotel is situated at least half a mile from the sea. Our room overlooked a car park.Sally: Through the gates of which motor
45、vehicles were constantly arriving or departing.David: Yes, that’s good. The food was strictly beef-burgers and chips or fish and chips. Wine was available, but at exorbitant prices, and as for the courteous, old-fashioned service, the majority of the staff were foreign and virtually incapable
46、of speaking or understanding the English language.Sally: Yes, that’s quite true.David: In addition to this, we were most unhappy with the arrangements for our journey home. We were instructed to catch the 11:00 am ferry.Sally: Wasn’t it 12:00David: No, 11:00. but this was apparently dela
47、yed and we did not get away till 6 o’clock in the evening. Now that our holiday is over, it seems fairly pointless writing this letter, but I should like you to know that we were most disappointed with the hotel and travel arrangements and shall certainly not be booking any futurc holidays thr
48、ough yours. Yours faithfully, David Smith.Sally: Yes dear, that’ s a very good letter.What did Mr. Smith decide to do when they returned home ()AHe decided to go to the travel agency for complaints.BHe wrote to the manager of the agency.CHe’d like to consult with his wife for complaints.
49、DHe did nothing but complain with his wife.9.People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork, for ’each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable