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1、2021天津大学英语考试真题卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Even as the economy improves, a jobless executive may face up to a year or more of unemployment. This is a lot of time, especially for hard-charging high-performers who are not used to having any free time.
2、 While some job seekers spend hundredseven thousandsof hours discovering daytime television, others seem to thrive on activities that boost their professional careers or resolve family issues when they arent working. Having an extended period of free time in the prime of ones life can in fact be a u
3、nique opportunity to focus on volunteer service, professional education or personal growth. Community Involvement For Lisa Perez, the wakeup call was burned pork chops. An executive who previously hadnt been particularly interested in home and health had become obsessed with homemaking during a stin
4、t of unemployment. She realized that cleaning and organizing her home wasnt helping her job search. Nevertheless, I made lists of 50 things to do every day, says Ms. Perez, a political and public-relations consultant in Scottsdale, Ariz. My house was spotless, just so Id have something to do. One da
5、y, her boyfriend didnt arrive on time for dinner because he had to work late, and her pork chops were ruined. She threw a fit. I d never been a person like that, she says. So I decided to stop feeling sorry for myself, and go out and do something productive. Ms. Perez, 35, resolved to become an acti
6、ve volunteer for the duration of her search. She gave her time to a health-care concern, a housing program and a political campaign. The work bolstered her self-confidence. Volunteering takes the focus off you. One thing you have thats still valuable is your time. And, of course, you learn that ther
7、e are thousands of people with a life thats much worse than yours, she says. Volunteer assignments are also great ways to meet powerful and well-connected people. Over a six-month period, her volunteering evolved into working as a paid consultant and then as a full-time employee, a job she still hol
8、ds today. In all, she was unemployed for eight months. Before her job loss, she thought she didnt have time to volunteer while working. Now, even though I have a demanding job, I still volunteer, because of what I got out of it, says Ms. Perez. Continuing Education Gene Bellavance, a 36-year-old inf
9、ormation-technology project manager, took another route during his unemployment. When he was laid off from a steel company near Cleveland, he knew his immediate prospects were bleak. He expected his search to take a year. He faced a decision: take a job that would set back his career or hold out for
10、 an offer he really wanted. Mr. Bellavance, single and virtually debt free, shifted his finances into survival mode. He cashed out his pension, sold his house, unloaded things he didnt need at garage sales, and rented an apartment with a roommate. Then, he says, I signed up for every benefit I could
11、 find. But he wasnt just waiting out the year. He spent the rest of his search updating his skills, including becoming certified in new database and project-management software. You have to invest in yourself, Mr. Bellavance says. I estimated what technology was going to be the most beneficial and c
12、hose applications that were going to be pervasive, that were right for my market, and that were going to ensure top pay. In addition to income from the occasional IT-consulting assignment, he relied on a combination of displaced-worker-retraining grants and unemployment benefits. I went out and foun
13、d the classes, submitted the paperwork, and dealt with the bureaucracy. You have to stay after them, keeping your benefits moving forward. Its up to you to make it work with your overall transition plan, he says. His job search was one month shy of the full year hed expected. He looked for work duri
14、ng his training and says he would have finished the certification programs even if hed been hired before completing them. People should not feel guilty about accepting government aid, he says. I saw this in a lot of people. They felt they were some kind of loser for taking benefits. My advice is: Ge
15、t all you can. Youve been paying for these programs in your entire career, and you may as well start to benefit from them. Family Matters In addition to pursuing training or volunteering, some displaced careerists use their time off work to attend to family matters. Many executives rediscover their
16、children or find time to help their parents. Stanford Rappaport held three jobs in San Francisco, including high-tech and teaching positions. When he was laid off from the high-tech job last year, he knew it might be a long slog before he could get another post like it in the Bay Area. I was able to
17、 do the math, says Mr. Rappaport, 46. The number of people laid off: huge; and the number of available jobs: miniscule. At the time, I thought it might be two or three yeAYBNCNG 2.Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, The business of America is business. By this he me
18、ant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world. Few would argue with Fords statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the dea
19、ls and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Fe
20、deral Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as the entertainment industry or show business. The positive side of Henry Fords statement can be seen in the prosperit
21、y that business has brought to U. S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大题) because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this
22、system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life. The negative side of Henry Fords statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business - referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughou
23、t U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing - the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profi
24、ts high - creates feelings of insecurity for many.Henry Fords statement can be taken negatively because_.Aworking people are discouraged to fight for their rightsBthere are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsCthere is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and laborDpubl
25、ic services are not run by the federal government 3.Some people would say that the Englishmans home is no longer his castle, that it has become his workshop. This is partly because the average Englishman is keen on working with his own hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another, th
26、at he must do for himself many household for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. The main reason for this is a financial one. The high cost of labour has meant that builders and decorators cost have reach a level which makes them prohibitive for houseproud English-people of
27、 modest means. So, if they wish to keep their houses looking bright and smart, they have to tackle some of the repairs and decorating themselves. As a result, there has grown up in the post-war years what is sometimes referred to as the do-it-yourself movement. The do-it-yourself movement began with
28、 home decorating but has since spread into a much wider field. Nowadays there seem to be very few things that cant be made by the do-it-yourself movement method. A number of magazines and handbooks exist to show hopeful handymen of all ages just how easy it is to build anything from a coffee table t
29、o a fifteen foot (4. 5 meters) sailing dinghy(小船). All you need, it seems, is a hammer and a few nails. You follow the simple instructions step by step and, before you know where you are, the finished article stands before you, completely in every detail. Unfortunately, alas, it is not always quite
30、as simple as it sounds! Many a budding(初露头角的) do-it-yourself has found to his cost that one can not learn a skilled craftsmans job overnight. How quickly one realizes, when doing it oneself, that a job which takes the skilled man an hour or so to completely takes the amateur handyman five or six at
31、least. And then there is the question of tools. The first thing the amateur learns is that he must have the right tools for the job. But tools cost money. There is also the wear and tear on the nerves. It is not surprising then that many people have come to the conclusion that the expense of paying
32、professional to do the work is, in the long run, more economical than doing it oneself.Which of the following people can repair and decorate their own housesASkilled craftsman.BHandy of all ages.CHopeful men.DFamily supporters. 4.Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said,
33、The business of America is business. By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world. Few would argue with Fords statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every
34、newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign a
35、id, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as the entertainment industry or show business. The positive side of
36、Henry Fords statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U. S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大题) because the U.S. economic system i
37、s driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life. The negative side of Henry Fords statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business - referring to the biggest co
38、mpanies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the right to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing - the laying off of t
39、housands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high - creates feelings of insecurity for many.A companys efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in_.Areduction in the number of employeesBimprovement of working conditionsCfewer disputes between labor and managementDa rise in wo
40、rkers wages 5.Some people would say that the Englishmans home is no longer his castle, that it has become his workshop. This is partly because the average Englishman is keen on working with his own hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another, that he must do for himself many househo
41、ld for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. The main reason for this is a financial one. The high cost of labour has meant that builders and decorators cost have reach a level which makes them prohibitive for houseproud English-people of modest means. So, if they wish to kee
42、p their houses looking bright and smart, they have to tackle some of the repairs and decorating themselves. As a result, there has grown up in the post-war years what is sometimes referred to as the do-it-yourself movement. The do-it-yourself movement began with home decorating but has since spread
43、into a much wider field. Nowadays there seem to be very few things that cant be made by the do-it-yourself movement method. A number of magazines and handbooks exist to show hopeful handymen of all ages just how easy it is to build anything from a coffee table to a fifteen foot (4. 5 meters) sailing
44、 dinghy(小船). All you need, it seems, is a hammer and a few nails. You follow the simple instructions step by step and, before you know where you are, the finished article stands before you, completely in every detail. Unfortunately, alas, it is not always quite as simple as it sounds! Many a budding
45、(初露头角的) do-it-yourself has found to his cost that one can not learn a skilled craftsmans job overnight. How quickly one realizes, when doing it oneself, that a job which takes the skilled man an hour or so to completely takes the amateur handyman five or six at least. And then there is the question
46、of tools. The first thing the amateur learns is that he must have the right tools for the job. But tools cost money. There is also the wear and tear on the nerves. It is not surprising then that many people have come to the conclusion that the expense of paying professional to do the work is, in the
47、 long run, more economical than doing it oneself.The do-it-yourself movement originates in_.Ahouse repairingBhouse buildingChouse decoratingDfurniture building 6.Some people would say that the Englishmans home is no longer his castle, that it has become his workshop. This is partly because the avera
48、ge Englishman is keen on working with his own hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another, that he must do for himself many household for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. The main reason for this is a financial one. The high cost of labour has meant that builders and decorators cost have reach a level which makes them prohibitive for houseproud English-people of modest means. So, if they wish to keep their houses looking b