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1、时态和语态时态和语态中中 考考 考考 点点1动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成。2动词的6种时态的基本结构及区别(了解过去将来时、过去完成时的基本用法)。3被动语态的构成及主动语态和被动语态的转换(了解一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态 )。语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 考点一考点一 动词的时态动词的时态 初中阶段的时态共有初中阶段的时态共有8 8种，种，一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时；现在进行时、现在完成时；过去进行时 语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 1一般现在时一般现在时(1)结构：结构
2、：(以以work为例为例)(2)(2)用法：用法：表示事实、现状、性质或经常的、习惯性的动作。常与表示事实、现状、性质或经常的、习惯性的动作。常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on every day, once a week, every five minutes, on SundaysSundays等时间状语连用。如：等时间状语连用。如
3、：I go to school at seven every day. I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七点去上学。我每天七点去上学。表示普遍真理。如：表示普遍真理。如： The earth _The earth _ the sun._ the sun.地球绕着太阳转。地球绕着太阳转。goesgoes aroundaround (3)(3)动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下：动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下：语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 2.2. 现在进行时现在进行时(1)(1)结构：结构： am/is/aream/is/are动
4、词的动词的 inging形式形式(2)(2)用法：用法：表示动作正在发生，进行表示动作正在发生，进行( (不指状态不指状态) )，常用的时间状，常用的时间状语有：语有： now, at the moment now, at the moment ，look, listenlook, listen。如：如：Are you writing a letter to your friend now?Are you writing a letter to your friend now?你现在正在给你朋友写信吗？你现在正在给你朋友写信吗？Listen! She _Listen! She _ in the
5、 next room. in the next room.听！她正在隔壁唱歌。听！她正在隔壁唱歌。isis singingsinging 语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 用现在进行时表示将来的词有：用现在进行时表示将来的词有：come, go, leave, come, go, leave, arrive, flyarrive, fly等，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：等，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：They _ England tomorrow They _ England tomorrow a afternoonfternoon. .他们明天下午要去英国。他们明天下午
6、要去英国。areare leavingleaving forfor 语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 (3)现在分词的变化规则：现在分词的变化规则：3.3. 一般将来时一般将来时(1)(1)结构：结构：willwill动词原形动词原形 (2)(2)用法：用法：表示将要发生的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：表示将要发生的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有： later, later, soon, in+soon, in+将来的时间将来的时间, next time, from now on, tomorrow, next time, from
7、now on, tomorrow等等。如：。如： 语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 (3)(3)注意：注意： 在以第一人称作主语的问句中，常用在以第一人称作主语的问句中，常用 shall shall 表示提议和询问表示提议和询问 情况，在以第二人称作主语的句中，用情况，在以第二人称作主语的句中，用will will 表示请求。如：表示请求。如：Where shall we / I Where shall we / I have lunch? have lunch? 我们在哪里吃午饭？我们在哪里吃午饭？语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 “be going to“be
8、going to动词原形动词原形” 也可表示将来时。也可表示将来时。a a表示主观意愿、打算等。如：表示主观意愿、打算等。如：Hes going to learn English next term.Hes going to learn English next term.下学期他打算学英语。下学期他打算学英语。b b根据已有迹象能推测出可能要发生的情况。如：根据已有迹象能推测出可能要发生的情况。如：Look at the black cloudsLook at the black clouds！It _It _ rain. _ rain. 看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。
9、isis goinggoing toto 语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 4 4一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中的谓语动词要变为过去表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中的谓语动词要变为过去式。式。(1)(1)句型结构：句型结构：bebe动词型动词型(was (was 、were)were)I was a student last year. I was a student last year. 去年我是名学生。去年我是名学生。Were you at home this morning? Were you at home this morning? 今天早
10、上你在家吗？今天早上你在家吗？Yes, I was./No, I wasnt. Yes, I was./No, I wasnt. 是的，我在。是的，我在。/ /不，我不在。不，我不在。 行为动词型行为动词型Tom _ to Shanghai last year.Tom _ to Shanghai last year.去年汤姆去了上海。去年汤姆去了上海。John _John _ here last year._ here last year.去年约翰没有住在这去年约翰没有住在这. .DidDid you you seesee him just now? him just now? 你刚才看见他了
11、吗？你刚才看见他了吗？语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 wentwentdidntdidnt livelive和和when when 等引导的时间状语从句连用。如：等引导的时间状语从句连用。如：When he got home, he _When he got home, he _ a rest._ a rest.当他到家时，他休息了一会儿。当他到家时，他休息了一会儿。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。这些状语有：常与表示过去的时间状语连用。这些状语有：ago, ago, yesterday, last , when yesterday, last , when sbsb. was,
12、in 1995. was, in 1995等。如：等。如：hadhad语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 (3)(3)行为行为动词过去式的规则动词过去式的规则变化变化：语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 5.5. 现在完成时现在完成时(1)(1)结构：结构： have/hashave/has动词的过去分词动词的过去分词( (过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。有些特殊变化需单独记忆有些特殊变化需单独记忆) )语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 (2)(2)用法：用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。表示过去发
13、生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。有时与有时与just, just, already, yet, recently, beforealready, yet, recently, before，ever, never, twice, ever, never, twice, ( (ever)sinceever)since, ever, before, so far, in the last/past few , ever, before, so far, in the last/past few years,years,等时间状语连用等时间状语连用。如：。如：I _I _ the film alre
14、ady. _ the film already. 我我已经已经看过这部电影了。看过这部电影了。( (现在我知道电影的内容了。现在我知道电影的内容了。) )表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“forfor时间段时间段”， for a long timefor a long time“sincesince时间点时间点”， =since a long time ago=since a long time ago语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 havehave seenseen (4)(4)延续性动词延续性动词
15、在现在完成时中，如果有持续的时间状语，要把非延在现在完成时中，如果有持续的时间状语，要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如：续性动词变为延续性动词。如： I have had the book for two days.I have had the book for two days.这本书我已经买了两天了。这本书我已经买了两天了。( (用用hadhad，而不用，而不用bought)bought)I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.我已经来东京两周了。我已经来东京两周了。( (用用been in
16、been in，而不用，而不用come to)come to)语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表have arrived at/in have arrived at/in swsw, , got to/reached got to/reached swsw, have been in , have been in swsw come/gone/moved to come/gone/moved to swswhave come/gone back, have come/gone back, returnedhavereturned
17、have been back been back have come/gone have come/gone outhaveouthave been out been outhave have becomehavebecomehave been been have closed/have closed/openedhaveopenedhave been closed/open been closed/openhave got have got uphaveuphave been up been uphave died_have died_have left have left swsw_hav
18、e fallen asleep/gone to have fallen asleep/gone to sleephavesleephave been asleep been asleephavehave beenbeen deaddeadhavehave beenbeen awayaway fromfrom swsw语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 have finished/ended/completedhave finished/ended/completed _have have marriedhavemarriedhave been married been marrie
19、d have started/begun to do have started/begun to do sthhavesthhave done done sthsthhave begun_have begun_have borrowed_have borrowed_have have boughtboughthavehave had hadhave have losthaventlosthavent had had have put have put onhaveonhave worn worn have caught/got a have caught/got a coldhavecoldh
20、ave had a cold had a cold have got to have got to knowhaveknowhave known known have gone have gone tohavetohave been in been in havehave beenbeen overoverhavehave beenbeen ononhavehave keptkept语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 21.21.have joinedhave joined / / taken part in the leaguetaken part in the league t
21、he Partythe Party the armythe army have been a member of have been a member of the leaguethe league the Partythe Party the army, the army, have been in have been in the league/the league/ the Party/the Party/ the army, the army, have been have been the Partys the Partys membermember the league the l
22、eague membermember the the soldiersoldier语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 6 6过去进行时(1)(1)结构：结构： was/werewas/weredoingdoing(2)(2)用法：用法：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点点正在进行的动作。如：正在进行的动作。如：(3)(3)常用的时间状语：常用的时间状语： at 8 oclock yesterdayat 8 oclock yesterday语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 (4)(4)whenwhen和和whilewhile的区别的区别：引导
23、时间状语从句时，引导时间状语从句时，whilewhile 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词( (be+doingbe+doing) )；When When 连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。What was your father doing _What was your father doing _ your mother was _ your mother was cookingcooking？你妈妈正在做饭时，你爸爸干什么呢？你妈妈正在做饭时，你爸爸干什么呢？What was your mother
24、 doing _What was your mother doing _ you came back?_ you came back?当你回来时，你妈妈干什么呢？当你回来时，你妈妈干什么呢？whilewhilewhenwhen语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 whilewhile可以连接两个并列的句子，而可以连接两个并列的句子，而whenwhen不可以。如：不可以。如：I was trying my best to finish my work while my I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was
25、watching TV. sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。whenwhen可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问，可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问，while while 不能。不能。When were you born?When were you born?你是什么时候出生的？你是什么时候出生的？语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 考点二考点二 动词的被动语态动词的被动语态英语中的动词有两种语态：英语中的动词有两种语态： 主动语态和被动语态。主动语态和被动语态。1 1被动语态的构成被
26、动语态的构成: be: be动词的过去分词动词的过去分词(1)(1)一般现在时：一般现在时： 主语主语am/is/aream/is/are动词的过去分词动词的过去分词(2)(2)一般过去时：一般过去时： 主语主语was/werewas/were动词的过去分词动词的过去分词(3)(3)一般将来时：一般将来时： 主语主语will/shall/ will/shall/ bebe动词的过去分词。动词的过去分词。A bridge A bridge will be built will be built over the river.over the river.人们将在这条河上建一座桥。人们将在这条河上
27、建一座桥。语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 (4)(4)现在进行时：现在进行时： 主语主语am/is/aream/is/arebeingbeing动词的过去分词。动词的过去分词。如：如：A bridge A bridge is being builtis being built over the river. over the river.人们正在这条河上建桥。人们正在这条河上建桥。(5)(5)现在完成时：现在完成时： 主语主语have/hashave/hasbeenbeen动词的过去分词动词的过去分词(6)(6)过去进行时：过去进行时： 主语主语was/werewas/were
28、beingbeing动词的过去分词动词的过去分词(7)(7)过去完成时：过去完成时： 主语主语had beenhad been动词的过去分词动词的过去分词(8)(8)过去将来时：过去将来时： 主语主语would bewould be动词的过去分词动词的过去分词(9)(9)含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态： 主语情态动词主语情态动词bebe动词的过动词的过去分词。如：去分词。如：A bridge A bridge can be seencan be seen over the river. over the river.人们能看到河上有座桥。人们能看到河上有座桥。(10)(10)在
29、使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, find, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面作宾语补足语的不定式，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。如：如：Someone Someone sawsaw a stranger a stranger walkwalk into the building. into the building. 被动结构为：被动结构为：A stranger was seen_ into the building.A stranger was seen_ into the building.有人看见一个陌生人走
30、进了这座楼。有人看见一个陌生人走进了这座楼。toto walkwalk 语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 2 2某些谓语动词的某些谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义主动形式表示被动意义(1)(1)英语中有很多动词，如：英语中有很多动词，如： break, catch, clean, drive, break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, washlock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被用作不及等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语
31、通物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。常是物。如：如：This kind of cloth _This kind of cloth _._.这种布料很好洗。这种布料很好洗。 注意注意 主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。外界作用造成的影响。试比较：试比较：The door wont lock.(The door wont lock.(指门本身有毛病指门本身有毛病) )The door wont be locked.(The door wont be locked.(指不会有人来锁门
32、，表示指不会有人来锁门，表示“门门没有锁没有锁”是人的原因是人的原因) )washeswashes wellwell 语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 (2)(2)表示表示“发生、进行发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn outcome true, run
33、out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表等以主动形式表示被动意义。如：示被动意义。如：How do the newspapers come out? How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何印刷出来的呢？这些报纸是如何印刷出来的呢？(3)(3)系动词没有被动形式，但有些系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词，表示感受、感官的连系动词，如：如：feel, sound, taste, feelfeel, sound, taste, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。如：式表示被动意义。如
34、：Your reason sounds reasonable.Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。你的理由听起来很合理。语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 (4)(4)下列结构中的下列结构中的V V inging必须用主动形式表示被动意义：必须用主动形式表示被动意义：want (need, require, request) “want (need, require, request) “需要需要”V V inging。但当但当这些动词后接不定式时，则必须用被动形式表示被动意义。如：这些动词后接不定式时，则必须用被动形式表示被动意义。如
35、：The bike The bike needs mendingneeds mending. .这辆自行车需要修理。这辆自行车需要修理。Our classroom Our classroom needs to be cleanedneeds to be cleaned. .我们的教室需要打扫。我们的教室需要打扫。语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1 1My father always _My father always _(ride) his bike to _(ride) his bike to work.work.2 2Whats
36、he doing?Whats he doing? Hes _ Hes _ (wait) for his parents._ (wait) for his parents.3 3Everything _Everything _(be) free in 100 years._(be) free in 100 years.4 4Last Sunday Jack _Last Sunday Jack _ (not go) to the _ (not go) to the movie. He studied for the math test.movie. He studied for the math
37、test.5 5I _I _(keep) the book for two weeks._(keep) the book for two weeks.6 6They _They _(have) dinner at this time _(have) dinner at this time yesterday.yesterday.考点过关考点过关ridesrideswaitingwaitingwill bewill bedidntdidnt gogohavehave keptkeptwerewere havinghaving语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 7 7Our class
38、room _Our classroom _(clean) every day._(clean) every day.8 8Last month many volunteers _Last month many volunteers _(send) _(send) to the poor village to help the old.to the poor village to help the old. 9 9All the teachers will _All the teachers will _ (invite) to the (invite) to the party.party.1
39、010These books must _These books must _(put) in the _(put) in the bookcase.bookcase.1111He was made _ (leave) his hometown.He was made _ (leave) his hometown.1212This kind of watch _This kind of watch _(sell) well._(sell) well.werewere sentsentbebe invitedinvitedbebe putputtoto leaveleavesellssells语法互动语法互动(十十) 时态和语态时态和语态 isis cleanedcleaned