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1、语法专题语法专题介词及介词短语介词及介词短语 1(2013湖北卷)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _a long lost antique Greek vase. Aat randomBby chance Cin turn Don occasion 解析：at random随意地；by chance偶然；in turn轮流，依次；on occasion有时，间或。这里表示坐轮渡的时候“偶然”发现了古董，因此选B项。句意为：最近，一名画家坐轮渡到南岛，意外发现了一个
2、失踪很久的古希腊花瓶。 答案：B 2(2013福建卷)Mrs Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always _whenever she tries to. Ain the way Bon watch Cin sight Don the line 解析：句意为：史密斯太太觉得很难把杂乱的东西收拾好，因为无论她什么时候试图整理，她的孩子们总是碍手碍脚。本题考查介词短语辨析。A.挡道；B.值班，守夜；C.看得见；D.冒风险。 答案：A 3(2013辽宁卷)_everyone here，I wish you a
3、pleasant journey back to your country. ABy means of BOn behalf of CIn search of DFor fear of 解析： 句意为：我代表这儿的每一个人，希望你们的回国旅程愉快。考查介词短语。A.依靠方法；B.代表；C.寻找；D.唯恐。B项符合句意。 答案：B 4(2013陕西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the company，and I am sure he will_. Ain particular Bin turn Cin charge Din time 解析：句意为：经
4、理想看到公司的变化，我确信他迟早会看到的。考查介词短语辨析。A.尤其是，特别是；B.轮流，依次；C.负责；D.最终，迟早。D项符合句意。 答案：D 5(2012湖北卷)The furniture，with its modern style and bright colors，suits modern houses and their gardens，but looks_ in the garden of a traditional home. Aout of question Bout of order Cout of sight Dout of place 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意为：这
5、款家具款式时尚，颜色鲜艳，适合放在现代化的房子和花园里，但是放在传统住宅的花园里就显得不伦不类了。out of question没问题；out of order出故障；out of sight看不见；out of place不适当，不得体。根据句意可知，选D。 答案：D 6(2012江苏卷)Thank God youre safe! I stepped back，just _to avoid the racing car. Ain time Bin case Cin need Din vain 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意为：谢天谢地，你安全了！我向后退了一步，正好及时避过了赛车。in tim
6、e及时；in case万一，假使；in need需要；in vain徒劳，无济于事。根据语境可知A项正确。 答案：A 7(2012福建卷)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _all its citizens. Ain charge of Bfor the purpose of Cin honor of Dfor the benefit of 解析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意为：为了全体公民的利益，中国一直在推进公立医疗机构的改革。in charge of负责，主管；for the purpose of为了；in honor
7、 of向表示敬意；for the benefit of为的利益。 答案：D 8(2012江西卷)He seems to be giving the impression that he didnt enjoy himself in Paris._，he had a wonderful time. AAbove all BWhats more CAs a result DOn the contrary 解析：考查短语的用法。句意为：他似乎在给人留下他在巴黎玩得不开心的印象。相反，他在巴黎玩得非常开心。根据“didnt enjoy himself”和“had a wonderful time”可知
8、，空前后是鲜明的对比，故用On the contrary，表示“相反”。above all表示“尤其是，最重要的是”；whats more表示“更有甚者，更为重要的是”；as a result表示“结果”。 答案：D介词的普通用法介词的普通用法 【典例1】 Four Chinese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition. Aamong Bbetween Calong Dbeside答案A【典例2】 Nowadays some hospitals refer
9、 to patients _ name, not case number.(2010江西)Aof Bas Cby Dwith答案C【典例【典例3】 _ the crisis of economy getting more and more serious, the government is searching for ways to improve peoples life.(2013扬州调研)AAs BWith CWhen DIf答案B Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _ a big tree.(2010四川)A. in B. below
10、C. beside D. against选D Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are _ everyones enjoyment. (2010北京)A. in B. at C. for D. to选C。【典例5】【典例4】介词短语介词短语 1常考的“介词名词介词”短语 in favor of支持，赞成in memory of纪念，怀念 in exchange for交换 in agreement with同意，赞成 in search of寻找 in terms of就而言 in case of万一 in s
11、upport of支持 in face of面对 in preference to更喜欢 in place of取代 in spite of尽管 in view of鉴于 in charge of负责 in need of需要 in the form of用的形式 in the direction of朝方向 in the absence of在不在时，没有时 in addition to另外 in the name of以的名义 by means of用方式 for lack of因为缺乏 as a result of由于，因为 on behalf of代表 at the mercy of在
12、的支配下，任由摆布at the expense/cost of以为代价on account of由于，因为in honor of纪念，怀念；为表示敬意【典例6】 When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men. (2011湖北，30)Ain terms of Bin need ofCin favor of Din praise of答案C【典例7】 More and more highrise buildi
13、ngs have been built in big cities _ space.(2010福建)Ain search of Bin place of Cfor lack of Dfor fear of答案C 2常考的“介词名词/形容词”短语 (1)in名词/形容词 in fact实际上 in detail详细地 in case假使 in advance事先 in store即将发生 in time及时 in danger处于危险中 in turn轮流 in order井井有条 in return作为回报 in other words换句话说 in relief宽慰 in comfort宽慰
14、 in reality事实上 in public公开地 in short总之 in general一般说 in particular特别是 in no time很快 in no case决不 in vain徒劳 in common共同地 in the distance在远处 in a sense从某种意义上说 in the long run从长远来看 in place在正确位置，处理妥当 (2)by名词 by accident偶尔 by chance偶然 by design故意 by turns轮流 by no means决不 by mistake错误地 by the way顺便说 By no
15、 means should you give up when you are in trouble. 当处境困难时你决不应该放弃。 (3)out of名词 out of curiosity出于好奇 out of respect出于尊敬 out of sympathy出于同情 out of date过期了 out of order发生故障 out of patience失去耐心 out of work失业 out of control失控 out of question毫无疑问 out of reach够不着 out of the question不可能 out of danger脱险 out
16、of fashion不合时尚 out of touch联系不上 out of breath气喘吁吁 out of shape变形 out of sight看不见 out of balance失衡 out of range超出范围 (2011四川高考)Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens reach. 记住把像刀子之类的危险的东西放在孩子够不着的地方。【典例9】The furniture，with its modern style and bright colors，suits modern
17、 houses and their gardens，but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home.Aout of question Bout of orderCout of sight Dout of place【典例8】We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and _， dogs give us their all.(2010江西)Ain all Bin fact Cin short Din return答案D答案D3动词介词account for说明agree on对达成协议begi
18、n with以开始come across碰见go into调查keep from阻止look for寻找stand for代表agree with 同意(某人意见)answer for对负责wait for等待decide on对作出决定head for向前进live on靠生活look into调查stick to坚持agree to同意(某种安排等)aim at针对call for要求get into进入hear from接到的信、电话look after照顾run into碰到wait on招待4动词副词介词add up to合计达come up with提出get on with与相处
19、融洽look down upon看不起look up to敬仰(某人)put up with忍受come up against遭到反对do away with废除keep up with跟上look forward to盼望make up for弥补stand out for坚决要求come up to达到get down to开始认真考虑live up to不辜负(期望)look out for当心run out of用完stick out for坚持要求5动词名词介词catch sight of突然看见make room for为腾出地方take pride in以为荣make frien
20、ds with和交朋友pay attention to注意show interest in对感兴趣make fun of取笑take care of照顾take part in参加 6常考的其他介词短语 according to根据，按照 regardless of不管，不顾 far from远非，完全不是 on the other hand另一方面 on the contrary相反 as a matter of fact事实上 instead of而不是 as well as也，还 except for除外 due to由于 owing to由于 thanks to多亏，由于 as a r
21、esult结果 as a consequence结果 apart from除外 rather than而不是 more than不仅仅 as for/to至于 beyond sb.某人无法理解 beyond recognition无法辨认 beyond repair无法修理 beyond description无法描述 (2011福建高考)Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. 除了良好的服务，饭店还提供不同种类的传统闽菜。 (2010安徽高考)I h
22、avent seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond recognition. 自从Sara还是个小女孩的时候，我就一直没见过她。她现在已经变得(让人)认不出来了。7.考查of+抽象名词的用法“of+抽象名词”的用法与形容词相同，在句中可作表语、定语、补语。of+ great/much +抽象名词=very+名词的形容词形式of+ no+抽象名词=not+名词的形容词形式It is of great value.=It is very valuable.It is of no use.=It is usel
23、ess. The camel is of great help to the Arab. The camel is very helpful to the Arab.8.定语从句中“介词 + 关系代词”的用法【典型考例】1. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma , _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which2. For many cit
24、ies in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example. A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which1. D 2. C3. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn4. The
25、schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. A.in that B. for that C. in which D. for which 1(2013湖北襄阳高三调研)It isnt wise to spend all your salary every month. Keep some money_，just in case. Ain reserve Bin returnCin need Din charge 解析：考查介词短语辨
26、析。句意为：每个月的工资全都花光是很不明智的。你应该留点儿钱，以防万一。in reserve备用；in return作为回报；in need需要，in charge负责。 答案：A 2(2013湖北黄冈质量检测)We havent seen each other for many years，so I am quite_the plan that we have a party this weekend. Ain place of Bin favor of Cin honor of Din need of 解析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意为：我们已经很多年没有见面了，所以我非常赞成这周末办个聚会
27、的计划。in place of代替；in favor of支持，赞同；in honor of为了向表示崇敬；in need of需要。根据句意可知应选B项。 答案：B 3(2013湖北省武汉市二月调研)His remark was considered to be quite _，because it deepened the gap between two parties and caused more conflicts. Aout of place Bout of mind Cout of question Dout of order 解析： 考查介词短语辨析。根据空后面的“deepen
28、ed the gap.more conflicts”可知out of place(不得体，不适当)正确。out of mind心不在焉；out of question毫无疑问；out of order有毛病，出故障。 答案：A 4(2013湖北八校第二次联考)Some questions may come to you during the interview，but you can and should make good preparations_. Aby design Bin advance Cin person Dby chance 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意为：面试时会问你一些问
29、题，但你可以而且应该提前做好准备。故用in advance，表示“提前”。by design故意地；in person亲自；by chance碰巧。 答案：B 5(2013湖北八校三月调考)Somehow this seems to me to be _.How could a team that had fought for Canada before suddenly become citizens of the USA? Aout of place Bout of shape Cout of question Dout of control 解析： 考查介词短语辨析。 句意为：不管怎么着
30、，这样的事在我看来是不合适的。以前一直为加拿大效力的一支队伍怎么会突然变成美国公民呢？out of place表示“不适当，不得体”，符合句意。out of shape变形的；out of question毫无疑问；out of control失控。 答案：A 6(2013湖北省十堰市两校4月联考)_your present bad mood，youd better put off the work till next week，when you may be in higher spirits. AIn spite of BIn terms of CIn view of DIn place
31、of 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意为：考虑到你现在的情绪不好，你最好把工作推迟到下周，到时你可能会情绪高点。in view of考虑到，鉴于，符合句意。in spite of尽管，不管；in terms of就而言；in place of代替，顶替。 答案：C 7(2013湖北春季宜昌三校三月联考)The secretary always acts as if she were_the company，which makes her colleagues very disgusted. Ain charge of Bin terms of Cin honor of Din favor of 解
32、析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意为：那位秘书总是表现得仿佛是她负责掌管这家公司的，这令她的同事非常反感。in charge of负责，掌管，符合句意。in terms of从方面来说；in honor of为了表示对的崇敬；in favor of支持。 答案：A 8(2013湖北黄冈部分中学统一调研)The importance of trees and grasses lies in that they can not only help hold the good soil_ but also purify the polluted air. Ain need Bin place Cin tu
33、rn Din store 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意为：树木和草的重要性在于它们不仅有助于保持好的土壤，而且还能净化被污染的空气。in place在正确的位置，符合句意。in need需要；in turn依次，轮流；in store将要发生。 答案：B揭密常考的介词短语(1)含有at的短语at a time一次at least至少at the same time同时,at all costs不惜一切代价at most至多at times有时候at first最初at once立即at will任意地at last最后at present目前at work起作用(2)含有by的短语,by ac
34、cident偶然by day/night白天/夜间by heart能背诵by turns轮流by birth出身by no means绝不,by chance偶然by mistake错误地by the way顺便说一下by chance偶然by the way顺便说一下(3)含有in的短语,in a sense从某种意义上说in case假使in fact实际上,in ones opinion在某人看来in other words换句话说in short总之in the long run从长远来看in advance事先in store必将发生in general一般说来in no time立
35、刻in public公开地in vain徒劳in time及时,in the meantime同时in danger处于危险中in turn轮流in order井井有条in return作为回报in the end最后in all总共(4)含有on的短语,on average平均on foot步行on sale在出售on the way在途中on business出差on holiday在休假on strike罢工on time准时on duty值日on behalf of代表on the contrary相反on the spot当场on fire着火on purpose故意地on the
36、other hand另一方面(5)含有out of的成语,out of breath气喘吁吁out of date过时out of order发生故障out of patience失去耐心out of work失业,out of control失去控制out of doors 在户外out of question毫无疑问out of reach拿不到out of the question不可能out of danger脱险out of fashion不合时尚out of luck倒霉out of shape变形out of touch失去联系look forward to be /become
37、 used to be / become accustomed toobject to be opposed to be addicted to doing devote oneself to dedicate oneself to contribute to adapt oneself to be reduced to be attached to get down to lead to stick to see to take to 含有介词to 的常见词组 【名师支招】高考中对介词的考查很灵活。由于介词不能单独充当某一成分，而总是与动词或名词等连用组成介词短语，所以对介词的考查更多地融合在时态或句型中，因此需要考生全面理解试题的含义及结构，而不能孤立地考虑介词的一般含义。做题时，不要细抠字眼，要从全局着眼，把握整个句子的意思，如此才能正确理解全句的意思，作出正确的选择。介词与句型的融合使用，成为近几年的高考趋势，熟记句型和搭配是非常关键的。