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1、1. civil adj. 公民的公民的; 平民的平民的; 民用的民用的; 国内国内 的的; 文明的文明的 civil law 民法民法 civil life 平民生活平民生活 civil rights 公民权公民权 civil war 内战内战 civilian n. 平民平民, 百姓百姓 civilization n. 文明文明, 文化文化 2. date from 可以追溯到可以追溯到, 从某时就存在从某时就存在 = date back togo back to The castle dates from/dates back to/goes back to the 14th centu
2、ry. The history of their family goes back /dates back to 300 years. out of date 过时的过时的; 废弃的废弃的3. engineering n. U工程工程; 工程学工程学; 设计设计 e.g. He is studying engineering at college. the engineering of new railway 新铁路的设计新铁路的设计 gene engineering 基因工程基因工程engineer n. 工程师工程师, 技师技师, 机械师机械师e.g. Tim is an engineer
3、. 蒂姆是位工程师。蒂姆是位工程师。4. accommodate vt. 容纳容纳, 给人提供住宿或给人提供住宿或房间房间; 使适应使适应, 迁就迁就, 迎合迎合 accommodation n. (pl.)住宿住宿; 适应适应, 调节调节 e.g. This room can accommodate 300 people. He bought a huge house to accommodate his library. I will accommodate my plans to yours. Can we find accommodations at a hotel tonight?
4、5. construction n. U建造建造, 建筑建筑; 建筑术建筑术 e.g. (be) under construction 在建设中在建设中 construction industry 建筑业建筑业 The new airport is still under construction. 新机场仍在修建中。新机场仍在修建中。6. generate vt. 发电发电; 生成生成; 引起引起, 导致导致e.g.The flowing water is used to generate electricity.Uncleanness often generates disease.a g
5、enerating station 发电厂发电厂, 发电站发电站7. harness n. 马具马具(包括皮带马鞍及金属包括皮带马鞍及金属 器具器具) v. 控制及利用自然界的力量控制及利用自然界的力量 e.g. harness a river/the suns rays as a source of energy8. narrow adj. 窄的窄的, 狭窄的狭窄的; 心胸小的心胸小的e.g. He has a narrow mind. a narrow escape 九死一生九死一生 in a narrow sense 在狭义上在狭义上9. poem n. C 诗诗poet 诗人诗人poe
6、try 诗歌诗歌, 诗集诗集poem (一首一首)诗诗 10. submerge vt. 浸没浸没, 淹没淹没 vi. 潜入水中潜入水中 e.g. He submerged his hands in warm water.11. hold back 1) The police tried to hold the crowd back. 警察试图警察试图挡住挡住人群。人群。 2) He could no longer hold back his tears. 他再也他再也抑制抑制不住自己的眼泪。不住自己的眼泪。 3) Do you think that mixed ability classes
7、 hold back the better students? 你认为把不同能力的学生混合在一起的你认为把不同能力的学生混合在一起的 班级会班级会妨碍妨碍较高水平学生的进步吗较高水平学生的进步吗?4) She wanted to tell him the truth, but pride held her back. 她打算告诉他真相她打算告诉他真相, 但自尊又使她但自尊又使她犹犹 豫不决豫不决。5) Tell me the truth dont hold anything back. 告诉我实情吧。不要告诉我实情吧。不要隐瞒隐瞒任何事情。任何事情。hold back常用于以下几个意思：常用于
8、以下几个意思： 阻拦阻拦, 阻挡阻挡 抑制抑制, 控制控制 (情感等情感等) 妨碍进展妨碍进展 踌躇踌躇, (使使) 犹豫犹豫 隐瞒隐瞒, 不公布不公布【拓展【拓展】hold off 延迟延迟, 推迟推迟hold on 别挂断别挂断; 等着等着; 坚持坚持, 挺住挺住hold on to 抓住抓住; 不卖掉不卖掉hold out 伸出伸出; 维持维持; 抵抗抵抗hold up 举起举起; 耽误耽误 用以上所学用以上所学hold短语的适当形式完成下短语的适当形式完成下列句子。列句子。1) 水坝不太坚固水坝不太坚固, 挡不住洪水。挡不住洪水。 The dam was not strong enou
9、gh to _ the floods.2) 我们应当保留这座房子我们应当保留这座房子, 等房价上涨的等房价上涨的时候再把它卖掉。时候再把它卖掉。 We should _ the house and sell it later when prices are higher.hold backhold on to3) 我们的供应品能维持多久我们的供应品能维持多久, 我们就能我们就能 在这儿呆多久。在这儿呆多久。 We can stay here for as long as our supplies _.4) 我们的航班因有雾而停航。我们的航班因有雾而停航。 Our flight was _ by
10、 fog.5) 坚持一会坚持一会, 我会去救你的。我会去救你的。 _ a moment and Ill go to your rescue.hold outhold upHold on 12. come true (希望希望, 梦想梦想) 实现、达到实现、达到 come true相当于相当于realize, 但前者不用于但前者不用于被动被动, come为连系动词为连系动词, 主语常是主语常是“希希望、理想、梦想望、理想、梦想, 而而realize主语一般是主语一般是人人, 可用作被动。可用作被动。 e.g. Well realize our hopes. Our hopes will be r
11、ealized/come true.14. provide (1) vt. 提供提供, 供应供应常用搭配常用搭配: provide sth. for sb. provide sb. with sth.e.g. The school will provide tents, but we must bring our own food. You must provide food and clothes for your family. Soldiers were provided with blankets against the cold.(2) vi. 预防预防(灾害灾害)常与常与again
12、st连用连用e.g. Youd better provide against an earthquake. The government has to provide against a possible oil shortage in the coming months.比较比较provide/supply/offer 1) provide, supply两个词都不能跟双宾语两个词都不能跟双宾语, 但二者所跟介词有所不同但二者所跟介词有所不同, 具体如下具体如下:provide/supply sb. with sth.supply sth. to sb.provide sth. for sb
13、.为某人为某人提供某提供某物物e.g. The power station supplies /provides us with electric power.= The power station supplies electric power to us.= The power station provides electric power for us.2) offer指行为者主动地指行为者主动地“提出给予提出给予”, “提出帮助、服务提出帮助、服务”。表示友善行为。表示友善行为, 可加双宾语。可加双宾语。 e.g. He offered me a glass of wine. I di
14、d what I could to offer comfort to the family.15. 表示物体的表示物体的“长、宽、高长、宽、高” (1) 物体物体 + be + 数词数词 + 量词量词 + long/wide/high e.g. The river is 63,00 kilometers long. (2) 物体物体 + be + 数词数词 + 量词量词 + in length/ width/ height e.g. The wall is 100 meters in width.(3) The length/width/height of + 物体物体 + be + 数词数词
15、 + 量词量词 e.g. The height of the tower is 88 meters.(4) 数词数词 + 量词量词 + long/wide/high e.g. The bridge is 200 meters long. 16. historical 1) The book is based on historical events. 这本书是根据历史事件写成的。这本书是根据历史事件写成的。 2) The building is of historical importance. 这个建筑物有重要的历史研究价值。这个建筑物有重要的历史研究价值。 3) This revoluti
16、onary historical novel centers in the Autumn Harvest Uprising. 这部革命历史小说以秋收起义为中心内这部革命历史小说以秋收起义为中心内 容。容。【总结归纳【总结归纳】historical adj. (有关有关) 历史的历史的, 历史上的历史上的, 实际发生的实际发生的, 真实的真实的 有关历史研究的有关历史研究的 (书籍、电影等书籍、电影等) 历史题材的历史题材的【链接【链接】history n. 历史历史historian n. 历史学家历史学家historic adj. 历史上著名的或者重要的历史上著名的或者重要的historic
17、ally adv. 历史上地历史上地【辨析【辨析】historical / historichistorical指指“历史上的历史上的”、“与历史有关与历史有关的的”, 通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实。通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实。如如: a historical event是指有历史证据来证是指有历史证据来证明其存在时间明其存在时间“历史事件历史事件”, 而不管其是而不管其是否重要或著名。否重要或著名。 historic指指“历史上著名的历史上著名的”或或“具有重大具有重大历史意义的历史意义的”或或“历史悠久的历史悠久的”。如。如: a historic event 是指一件历史上重要或著
18、名是指一件历史上重要或著名的事件。的事件。请用请用history的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1. I studied modern European _ at college.2. A _ is a person who studies or writes about history.3. There is a good _ film at the cinema about Madam Curie.4. May 12, 2008 is a _ day, when an earthquake occurred in Wenchuan.5. _, there have always been
19、close links between France and Scotland. historyhistorianhistoricalhistoricHistorically 17. remove 1) Reference books may not be removed from the library. 参考书不可以带出图书馆。参考书不可以带出图书馆。 2) It was impossible to remove the stain from the tablecloth. 桌布上的污渍去不掉。桌布上的污渍去不掉。3) She has been removed from her post
20、as managing director. 她已被免除总经理的职务了。她已被免除总经理的职务了。4) He removed his hat and gloves. 他脱掉了他的帽子和手套。他脱掉了他的帽子和手套。5) The managers office has removed to another building. 经理的办公室已经搬到另外一栋大楼经理的办公室已经搬到另外一栋大楼 里了。里了。remove vt. 拿开拿开, 移动移动 去掉去掉, 消除消除 撤职撤职, 辞退辞退 脱掉脱掉vi. 搬家搬家, 迁移迁移汉译英。汉译英。1. 她把这幅画移到另一面墙上。她把这幅画移到另一面墙上。
21、2. 他被撤去了主席职务。他被撤去了主席职务。3. 我们的办公室已从北京迁到上海。我们的办公室已从北京迁到上海。She removed the painting to another wall.He was removed from his position as chairman.Our office has removed from Beijing to Shanghai.4. 把你鞋上的泥去掉再进来。把你鞋上的泥去掉再进来。5. 房间里这么热房间里这么热, 为什么你不脱掉外套为什么你不脱掉外套 呢呢?Remove mud from your shoes before entering.I
22、t is so hot in the room; why dont you remove your coat? 1. The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central region of China.句意句意: 三峡大坝
23、是自长城和大运河以来三峡大坝是自长城和大运河以来中国最大的建筑工程中国最大的建筑工程, 它的修建是它的修建是为了控制洪水泛滥以及为中国中为了控制洪水泛滥以及为中国中部地区提供水利发电。部地区提供水利发电。 = China has built the Three Gorges Dam to control flooding and supply the central region of China with hydro electric power. The Three Gorges Dam is the biggest construction project in china since
24、the Great Wall and the Grand Canal were built.本句是一个复合句本句是一个复合句, which . the Grand Canal为非限制性定语从句修饰说明主句为非限制性定语从句修饰说明主句的主语的主语The Three Gorges Dam, 定语从句定语从句中中since介词短语作时间状语介词短语作时间状语; 主句中的第主句中的第一个不定式短语一个不定式短语to control flooding和第二和第二个不定式短语个不定式短语provide . of China都用作都用作目的状语。按照通常的习惯目的状语。按照通常的习惯, 仅仅在第一仅仅在第
25、一个不定式之前加不定式符号个不定式之前加不定式符号to, 而在其余而在其余的不定式之前省略的不定式之前省略to。2. It is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the world and has cost more than any other construction project in history. 本句中的本句中的“. more than any other construction project”属于属于“形容词形容词 / 副副词比较级词比较级 + than + any other .”结构结构, 用用来
26、表示最高级的意义。来表示最高级的意义。如：如：Time is more precious than any other thing in the world. 在世界上没有什么东西比时间更在世界上没有什么东西比时间更宝贵了。宝贵了。3. Now theyre living a happy new life in different areas. 本句中含有本句中含有live a(n) . life结构结构, 表示表示“过过着着的生活的生活”, live通常为不及物动词通常为不及物动词, 但此处作及物动词但此处作及物动词, 其后的其后的a happy new life充当它的同源宾语充当它的同源
27、宾语, 这种宾语往往有这种宾语往往有定语修饰。如定语修饰。如: live a happy / hard / miserable / quiet life等。常见的此类动等。常见的此类动词还有词还有die, dream, breathe, smile, fight, bow等。等。如：如：They fought a hard fight.他们进行了一场苦斗。他们进行了一场苦斗。He smiled a little smile and bowed a little bow.他笑了笑并微微点了点头。他笑了笑并微微点了点头。根据以上句型仿写下列句子。根据以上句型仿写下列句子。那个男孩深深地吸了一口气那
28、个男孩深深地吸了一口气, 跳入河中。跳入河中。The boy breathed a deep breath and jumped into the river.4. The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China and the project has flooded some of Chinas most famous historical sites, including the Qu Yuan Temple, the Han Watchtower and the Moya Cliff carvings.
29、句意句意: 三峡地区是中国最美丽的地区之一三峡地区是中国最美丽的地区之一, 这项工程淹没了一些中国最著名的历史这项工程淹没了一些中国最著名的历史景点景点, 包括屈原庙、汉瞭望台以及摩崖石包括屈原庙、汉瞭望台以及摩崖石雕。雕。= The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China and some of Chinas best-known historical sites such as the Qu Yuan Temple, the Han Watchtower and the Moya Cliff carving
30、s have been flooded by the project. 本句是一个并列句。前一个分句本句是一个并列句。前一个分句The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China是主系表结是主系表结构构; 后一个分句中的后一个分句中的including是介词是介词, 意为意为“包括包括”, 用来举例。用来举例。1. How many people can this hall _? A. be seatedB. containing C. held D. accommodate2. 1841 was a _ year
31、 for China. A. history B. historic C. historical D. historianDC3. The whole town _ by the flood after it has been raining for 3 days nonstop. A. was buriedB. had submerged C. was submergedD. flooded4. The young must be responsible for their parents and _ them. A. provideB. provide to C. provide forD
32、. provide withCC5. I never dreamed of _ such a beautiful place in such a wild area. A. there to beB. there being C. it to beD. it being6. Mother tried to express herself in English, but it _ all wrong. A. came out B. work out C. gave out D. put outBA根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示或汉语提示, 写出该单
33、词的正确形式。写出该单词的正确形式。1. The road was too n_ for the two of us to walk side by side.2. The poet must have been very young when he wrote this p_.narrowpoem3. There are two new hotels near here under c_ and the project will be completed in 2015.4. Many foreign visitors were attracted by these ancient Chin
34、ese _ (雕刻品雕刻品) on display.5. The organization is calling for a _ (全球的全球的) ban on whaling.6. Was King Arthur a real _ (历史历史 的的) figure?construction carvings global historical根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子。根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子。 1. 他建议我们放弃该计划。他建议我们放弃该计划。 (suggest)He suggested we (should) give up the plan.2. 学生们把几张书桌搬到另外
35、一间教室。学生们把几张书桌搬到另外一间教室。 (remove)Students removed several desks to another classroom.3. 当地政府决定利用河水发电。当地政府决定利用河水发电。 (generate)4. 在这场交通事故中有六人死亡在这场交通事故中有六人死亡, 包括一包括一 名警察。名警察。(including)The local government decided to harness the river to generate electricity.Six people were killed in the traffic accident, including a policeman.