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1、句子成分及句型Members and Structures of a Sentence句子分类简单句简单句复合句复合句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子。eg: She likes drawing and often draws pictures. Tom and Mike are American boys.有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。如，and, but, or, soeg: Tom likes drawing but Mike likes dancing.并列复合句并列复合句主从复合句主从复合句由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有主谓结构。定语从句状语从句
2、名词性语从句：主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句英语的五中基本句型1、主+谓 S+V2、主+谓+宾 S+V+O3、主+系+表 S+V+P4、主+谓+间宾+直宾 S+V+o+O5、主+谓+宾+宾补 S+V+O+C句子成分由词或词组充当英语的八种基本成分：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）、表语（predicative）、定语（attribute）、状语（adverbial）、补语（complement）、同位语（appositive）主语 subject一般位于句首，可由名词、主格代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。Jane is good at playing th
3、e piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.What he has said is true.挑出下列句子的主语1. The students got on the school bus.2. His job is to train swimmers.3. We often speak English in class.4. When we are going to have an English test has not been
4、decided.5. Its necessary to master a foreign language.谓语 predicate一般位于主语之后，简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成，复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词构成，是完整的时态和语态。I saw the flag on the top of the hill.She looked after two babies.He can speak English well.He has finished the homework.挑出下列句子的谓语1. He managed to finish the homework in time.2. I h
5、ave been learning English for 10 years.3. He should tell me the truth.4. My brother doesnt like study.5. I shall answer your question after class.宾语 object一般位于谓语之后，是动作是接受者，可由名词、代词、介词短语、非谓语、从句等充当。I like my job.I love you.He wanted to live here.They enjoyed playing computer games.He asked where he was
6、. 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语 直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人He gave me some books.Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.挑出下列句子的宾语1. My brother hasnt done his homework.2. People all over the world speak English.3. How many new words did you learn last class?4. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how
7、 about you?5. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.宾语补足语 object complement一般位于宾语之后，对宾语作出说明的成分。I found the book interesting.Do you hear Tom singing.He made himself understood.He asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.挑出下列句子
8、的宾语补足语1. He likes the children to read newspaper.2. He asked her to take the boy out of school.3. She found it difficult to do the work.4. They call me Lily sometimes.5. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.定语 attribute用于限定、修饰名词或代词，译为“的”，一般由形容词充当，还可以由名词充当，表用途，也可由介词词组、非谓语动词或从句充当。a beautiful girla pencil box
9、the books on the shelfa meeting to attendThose who want to learn English well should study hard.挑出下列句子的定语1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe.状语 adverbial用于修饰形容词、副词、动词
10、、介词短语或句子，可表示时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等。They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that he missed the train.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.挑出下列句子的状语1. There was a big smile on her face.2. Every night he heard the noise upstairs.3. He began
11、to learn English when he was eleven.4. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.表语 predicative位于系动词后，常见的系动词有：be动词（am, is are）感官系动词（look, smell, sound, feel, taste）变化系动词（become, grow, go come, turn, fall, get）状态系动词（seem, appear, keep, remain, stay）挑出下列句子的表语1. The old man was feeling very tire
12、d.2. The leaves has turned yellow.3. Soon they all became interested in the subject.同位语 appositive当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分用来说明、解释另一个句子成分，这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。We students should study hard.We all are students.Have a trya. S+V b. S+V+O c. S+V+P d. S+V+o+Oe. S+V+O+C1. Please tell us a story.2. He noticed a man enter the room.3. I have a lot work to do.4.His job is to train swimmers.5. He smiled.6. Please look at the picture.aecdeb