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1、高级英语5 教案 unit8 Unit 8 Text I: Why Nothings Works Marvin Harris I) Pre-reading Brainstorming: Have you ever got anything which fails to work? What are the poible causes? -Some poible causes of an objects failure to work: mishandling, overuse, faulty parts, faulty workmanship, fake product, inferior q
2、uality Notes: Library Work 1.The Porno Indians belong to a North American Indian tribe that forms the second largest tribal group in California, U.S.A.The name Porno comes from a suffix that the Porno people add to many words in their language.The Pomo womens fine basketry is the artistic triumph of
3、 the people.Pomo basketry includes small masterpieces as well as large, colourfully decorated containers, and is considered among the worlds finest.2.In the summer, Eskimos used two kinds of boats for hunting and travel.1) The kayak Pkaiaek/ was decked over except for a manhole that accommodated one
4、 person.Such craft had frames made of pieces of driftwood bound together.The frames were covered with dehaired sealskins sewn with waterproof stitching.2) The umiak /u:nugek/ was a large, open boat made by covering a driftwood frame with split walrus hides or sealskins.II) Comprehension: 1) Main Ide
5、a: No matter how advanced the technology, quality demands intelligent, motivated human thought and action(l.13-15) and the cleads to a constant quality problem.2) Purpose of writing and Tone: To trace the cause of the shoddy goods problem.3) Organization and Development: (P1)Theme: No matter how adv
6、anced the technology, quality demands intelligent, motivated human thought and action; (P2-4)Some reflection about primitive cultures to help illustrate the theme; (P5) In our era of industrial ma production and marketing, quality is a constant problem due to withering away of intimate sentimental a
7、nd personal bonds.Key to Exercise of filling out the table (page 117): 1.Quality-control instruments need maintenance; gauges go out of order; X rays and laser beams need adjustment.2.Quality is not dependent on technology alone.3.Men made their own spears, bows and arrows.and projectile points; wom
8、en wove their own baskets and .or fiber.And the whole of para.4.4.craft specialties adopted by different members of the band or village 5.management, the worker on the factory floor, the office help, the salespeople Thread of Harriss causal analysis: He first of all makes it clear that the cause is
9、basically human rather than technological.Then instead of plunging immediately into such likely causes as unskilled labor and lack of responsibility, he turns to look at what made the artifacts of primitive cultures so reliable in quality, the very lack of which is the cause of shoddy products in mo
10、dern industrialized society.Proce: In para.3 Harris employs proce to help explain the formation of social relationship between producer and consumer.The step-by-step explanation makes it easy for the reader to follow the authors flow of thoughts.Contrast: In the last two paragraphs, Harris employs c
11、ontrast.The purpose is to reveal the wide difference in the quality of products made by the producer for himself or his kin, and of those made for unknown users.This contrast occurring towards the end of the eay naturally adds emphasis to the thesis.4) Comprehension Questions: 1.What role does Murph
12、ys Law play in Harriss writing? - Murphys Law, which seems to be an answer to the question posed by the title Why Nothing Works? , is in fact no answer at all.But it calls the readers attention to a phenomenon so common that it is often taken for granted.Thus it helps lead to what Harris intends to
13、discu in this paage: What causes things to go wrong so quickly? Can we do anything to prevent it? 2.Which sentence in para.1 tells us that Harris thinks Murphys Law irresistible? -The sentence While Murphys Law can never be wholly defeated, its effects can usually be postponed. tells us that Harris
14、thinks the law is irresistible.3.What is the meaning of the word “inputs” in “If these human inputs are aisted by .” -Inputs, as the compounding indicates, means what is put in. In this context, the word refers to the efforts made and responsibility taken by human beings, to the intelligence, skill,
15、 and commitment they contribute to production.4.For what reason (s) does the writer think that people nowadays honor the lable “handmade”? -People have a high regard for handmade products because of their reliability and their aociation with a more personal relationship between the producer and the
16、consumer.5.What are the two developmental stages of “prehistory” in para.3? What remained unchanged in these two stages? -1) People made things for themselves and for their close kin.2) People obtained many items through barter and trade.The connection between the producer and the consumer remained
17、intimate, permanent, and caring.6.Is there a topic sentence of para.4? What function does this para.perform in the paage? -No.Not within the paragraph.The whole paragraph is an illustration of the sort of intimate relationship between the producer and the consumer mentioned in the previous paragraph
18、.7.What is the cause of shoddy goods? -He has stated it explicitly in para.5 - .because the intimate sentimental and personal bonds which once made us responsible to each other and to our products have withered away. 8.Where is the thesis statement? -Last sentence of the first paragraph.9.What is yo
19、ur personal view of the cause of shoddy goods? -Open to discuion.5) Difficult Sentences for paraphrasing 1.Much of human existence consists of efforts aimed at making sure that things dont go wrong, fall apart, break down, or stop running until a decent interval has elapsed after their manufacture.-
20、People spend much of their lifetime trying hard to keep things in good shape.They think a product, after leaving its factory, should last at least for a reasonably long period before ceasing to work.2.But gadgets and sampling alone will never do the trick since these items are also subject to Murphy
21、s Law. - Quality-control instruments and testing devices are also governed by Murphys Law, so they are not reliable.3.A single visit to a museum which displays artifacts史前古器物 used by simple preindustrial societies is sufficient to dispel the notion that quality is dependent on technology.-Look at th
22、e artifacts of the pre-industrial era exhibited in a museum and you will see that technology is not the factor that decides the quality of these items.4.In unskilled or uncaring hands a handmade basket or boat can fall apart quickly as basket or boats made by machines.-If a handmade basket or boat i
23、s made by an inexperienced or irresponsible worker, it may break down as easily as machine-made baskets or boats.5.I rather think that the reason we honor the label “handmade” is because it evokes not a technological relationship between producer and product but a social relationship between produce
24、r and consumer.-My opinion is that it is the social relationship between producer and consumer rather than the technological relationship between producer and product that makes handmade items so highly regarded.6) Difficult Sentences for Translation (E-C): 7) Key Words and Expreions:a 1.savant (l.1
25、)-/svant/ a man of learning, especially a person with detailed knowledge in some specialized field 2.corollary (l.2)-an immediate inference from a proved proposition 3.forestall (l.7)-defeat, prevent by prior measures mitment (l.8)-a pledge to follow certain beliefs or a certain course of action; de
26、votion (to duty etc.) 5.artifact (l.16)-a usually small object (as a tool or an ornament) showing human workmanship that has special historical interest 6.evoke (l.28)-bring to mind 7.projectile point (l.32)-the tip of a weapon that is thrust forward; spear or arrowhead 8.band (l.35)-a group of peop
27、le formed for some common purpose and often with a leader 9.barter (l.36)-trade by exchanging one commodity for another 10.alienation (l.58)-a withdrawing or separation of a person from an object or position of former attachment; a feeling of not belonging to or being part of ones surroundings 8) Ke
28、y Language Points: 1.corollary - an idea, an argument, or a fact that naturally follows something else Corollaries to Murphys Law suggest themselves as clues to the shoddy goods problem.the act of pledging or devoting (oneself) to a course of action.Example The teachers commitment (responsibility) i
29、s more than imparting knowledge.A person is committed if he devotes himself to a certain cause, e.g., a committed educationist.5.maintenance - the act of keeping something in good order/condition by regularly checking it.Example: You may be able to afford a second-hand automobile, but its maintenanc
30、e may cost you a lot.6.artifact - an object that is made by man, such as a tool or a decoration, especially one that is of historical interest.Example: Various artifacts of prehistoric times were discovered during the excavation.7.dispel- remove (false belief, doubt, fear) by proving them wrong.Exam
31、ple: His encouraging words dispelled all my doubts about my own inability.8.we honor the label handmade - we show respect for/think much of the tag which says that the article is made by hand 9.evoke - bring forth, call up, cause something to be remembered or expreed.Example The songs evoked memorie
32、s of my school days.10.the intimate sentimental and personal bonds - the close/familiar emotional and person-to-person relationship/connection 11.wither - become weaker or shrink.Plants, trees, flowers may all wither away, and so may ones hopes, when one becomes hopele.12.the women and men involved
33、in .- the women and men taking part in .be involved in - be as a neceary part in.Example: Are you involved in your clas new project? 13.alienation - a feeling of not belonging to or not being a part of ones s surroundings.Example The foremans haughtine caused alienation from work among the workers.1
34、4.sabotage - intentional damage to machines, buildings, etc.carried out secretly to weaken a government, an enemy, or as a protest.Example: All attempts at sabotage must be mercilely crushed 高级英语5 教案 unit8 unit8教案 新牛津英语Unit8教案 Unit8 Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake教案 初一英语unit8教案 unit8 what colour is it？教案 九年级英语Unit8教案 Unit8单词 五下Unit8 Birthdays 教案 初一英语教案(人教版)Unit8 本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第13页 共13页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页