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1、2022年6月大学英语四级阅读理解练习题（五）2014年6月大学英语四级阅读理解Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,techn
2、ology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthat
3、onecannotlearncultureonehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.Theothersch
4、oolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopia
5、orevenblindness.Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessp
6、rinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.1Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?Allinternationalmanagerscanlearnculture.Businessdiversityisnotnecessary.Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld.Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell.查看原文2Accor
7、dingtotheauthor,themodelofPepsi_.isinlinewiththetheoriesoftheschooladvocatingthebusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundisdifferentfromthemodelofMcDonald’sshowsthereverseofglobalizationhasconvergedculturaldifferences查看原文3Thetwoschoolsofthought_.bothproposethatcompaniesshouldtailorbusinessapproachestoi
8、ndividualculturesbothadvocatethatdifferentpoliciesbesetupindifferentcountriesadmittheexistenceofculturaldiversityinbusinessworldBothAandB查看原文4Thisarticleissupposedtobemostusefulforthose_.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversitywhohaveconnectionstomorethanonetypeofculturewhowanttotrav
9、elabroadwhowanttorunbusinessonInternationalScale查看原文5AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies_.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseasallhavethequalityofpatiencewillfollowtheoverseaslocalculturesadoptthepolicyofinternationalization查看原文Whenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethe
10、lifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconstantchangeattimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeenstatic.Anothe
11、rsignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshasbeenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.Atoneextremeithasbeenthepropertyofthecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveusedtheiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.Attheotherextremeithasbeenth
12、etreasureofthosewhohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingitdowntogiveitsomepermanence,order,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialandimmediateimportancetous.Oneisthatsincethetimeoft
13、heAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmostcompletereversalofthedifferentdevicesforshowingtherelationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-Saxon(oldEnglish)wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinflections.Wemustnowdependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidbymeansofc
14、hangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords.Afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwithwordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage
15、,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnourattentiontosuchmatersasWHOorWHOMandMEorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguageitselfchanges,ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepr
16、esenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.6Incontrasttotheearlierlinguists,modernlinguiststendto_.attempttocontinuethestandardizationofthelanguageevaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatterns
17、bemoreconcernedabouttheimprovementofthelanguagethanitsanalysisorhistorybemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusag查看原文7Choosetheappropriatemeaningforthewordinflectionusedinline4ofparagraph2.Changesintheformsofwords.Changesinsentencestructures.Changesinspellingrules.Wordsthathavesimilarmeanings.查看原文8Which
18、ofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage?Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglishlanguage.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange.Manyclasseso
19、rgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.查看原文9Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya(an)_.historianphilosopheranthropologistinguist查看原文10Whichofthefollowingcanbebestusedasthetitleofthepassage?ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.OurchangingattitudetowardstheEnglishlanguage.Ourchanginglanguage.SomecharacteristicsofmodernEnglish.查看原文第7页 共7页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页