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1、学案一必修三Unit5学案一一、 词块梳理(P50 P51, P5455)1. lead a good life 过好的生活 2. the basis of. 的基础 3. build a website 创建网站 4. raise funds 筹集资金 5. take out a large loan 贷一大笔款 6. apologise to sb for doing sth 因做某事向某人道歉 7. set up a fundraising website 建立筹款网站 8. its common for sb to do sth 某人做某事很常见 9. in return 作为交换，作
2、为回报 10. hesitate to do sth 迟疑做某事 11. be / get stuck in 卡住，陷入 12. with nowhere to stay 没有地方可呆 13. in case 以防，万一 14. on a trip abroad 在一次国外的旅行中 二、核心单词知识要点1apologise/apologize vi.道歉；谢罪(教材P50)Wang Zheng apologised to Chen because he couldnt offer her more money.王真因为不能给陈更多的钱而向她道歉。例1He apologises to her f
3、or not going to her party.他因没出席她的派对向她表示歉意。例2If you see him，please give my apology for not having written to him.如果你见到他，请为没有给他写信的事替我向他道歉。(1)apologise to sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉apologise to sb.that. 向某人道歉(2)apology n. 道歉make an apology to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人道歉owe sb.an apology for sth. 因而应向某人道歉知识要
4、点2ignore vt.忽视；对不予理会(教材P50)Also，while listening dont ignore the speakers tone and intonationthese can be important clues too.同时，在听的时候不要忽视说话者的语气和语调这些也是很重要的线索。例1The driver ignored the traffic lights.那个司机忽视了红绿灯。例2I cant ignore his rudeness any longer.我再也不能对他的粗鲁不闻不问了。(1)ignorant adj.无知的；不知道的/没有学识的be ign
5、orant of/about. 不知道；不了解；无知(2)ignorance n. 无知；愚昧完成句子He completely ignored all these facts(忽视所有事实)as though they never existed.George ignored his doctors advice(不理睬医生的劝告) about drinking and smoking.She always feels ignored(总是感到被忽视)by her teachers，which makes her upset.He is ignorant of music(不了解音乐)知识要
6、点3in return 作为回报；作为回应(教材P51)When we help someone，should we expect to get something in return?当我们帮助某人，我们该期望得到一些东西作为回报吗？例1I dont expect anything in return.我不指望得到任何回报。例2He wanted to do something in return for the kindness that she offered him.他想做点什么事来酬谢她的好意。in return for. 作为的交换；作为的报答in turn 轮流；依次；反过来by
7、 turns 轮流；时而时而on/upon ones return 一回来(就)a return ticket 往返票return to. 回到return sth.to sb. 把某物归还某人完成句子英语老师让我们轮流背诵课文。Our English teacher asked us to recite the text in turn.她给了我们食物和衣服，没有要求任何回报。She gave us food and clothing and asked for nothing in return理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。Theory is based on practice a
8、nd in turn serves practice知识要点4judge vt.&vi.判断；评判；评价n法官；裁判员；评判员；鉴定人；审判员(教材P51)Should we judge people based on how much money they have?我们该根据人们拥有的钱的多少来评价他们吗？例1Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的。例2If he had play
9、ed a part in the film，he would have been judged to be the best actor this year. 如果他当时出演了那部电影的话，他就会被评为今年的最佳男演员了。(1)judge .from/by.从来判断judge between right and wrong 判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from 从上看；根据判断(3)judgement n. 判断；审判；判断力提示judging from/by. 置于句首作状语。v.ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似
10、用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking“一般来说”，frankly speaking“坦白地说”，considering.“考虑到”。三、情态动词难点透视英语中的情态动词虽然为数不多，但是要掌握好它们的用法并不容易。下面结合同学们在使用情态动词时不易掌握的难点谈几点看法。(1)can表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。如：Accidents can happen. Anybody can make mistakes.如果我们要表达某事发生的实际可能性，要用may，could或might等。We may spend our summe
11、r holidays in Hangzhou this year.Will you answer the telephone？It could/may/might be your mother.could用来征求意见时，语气要比can委婉，但在回答问题时我们不能用could，因为语气委婉，可能性就变小了。如：Could I use your telephone?Yes，please go ahead.在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事，我们要用was/were able to而不能用could。如：It was a holiday and the children were abl
12、e to go to the seaside.The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final test.(2)must与have to都可以表示“必须”的意思，但要注意以下两点区别。must只有现在时，而have to有现在时、过去时和将来时。如：We must work hard，or well fail in the examination. Years ago，the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money.must表示主观看法，have to则侧重于客观需要。如：We
13、must be strict with ourselves in everything. In cities with many cars，some people have to wear masks.(3)must表示推测时，其反意疑问句有好几种形式。“must动词原形”对目前的情况进行推测时以及用mustbev.ing形式对目前正在发生的情况进行推测时，疑问短语部分要与must之后的动词相一致。如：The mathematics teacher must be in the office now，isnt he?“musthave过去分词”用来表示对已经发生的事情进行推论。如果句子中有过去
14、的时间状语，疑问部分用助动词didnt；否则，疑问部分用havent或hasnt。如：The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday，didnt they?The minister must have arrived in Shanghai，hasnt he?(4)shall可以用来征求对方意见，用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。如：Shall she go to the concert with us this evening？(征求意见)You shall go
15、to the front at once. (命令)Dont worry. You shall get the answer this very afternoon.(允诺)He shall be sorry one day. I tell you.(警告)Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution. (决心)(5)在表示将来的时间、条件状语从句中，不能用will(这时的will不是情态动词，而是助动词，帮助构成将来时)。如：If it will rain tomorrow，we shall not go to the mount
16、ain village.(误)If it rains tomorrow，we shall not go to the mountain village.(正)当情态动词will表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条件状语从句的。如：If you will listen to me，Ill give you some advice on how to learn English.If you will come this way，the manager will meet you.(6)should除表示必要或义务外，还可表示推测或可能。如：The American friends should be
17、here now.“should/ought tohave过去分词”既可表示本该做而事实上没有做的事，也可以表示惊讶、责备、赞叹等情绪。如：You should have told her about it the day before yesterday.Its wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years.“情态动词have过去分词”是很重要的一种句型，除should外，may，might，must，couldnt，neednt，ought to等都可以用于这一句型，但要注意使用不同的情态动词句子的意思就有所不
18、同。(7)ought to与should意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法，ought to则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。如：We should/ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work.She is your mother，so you ought to support her.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow，but I dont think we will.(8)need用作情态动词，仅用于否定句和疑问句，而
19、不用于肯定句。在肯定句中要用must，have to，should，ought to或将need当作行为动词使用。如：We need report the matter to the boss immediately.(误)We must report the matter to the boss immediately.(正)We need to report the matter to the boss immediately.(正)(9)dare与need的用法dare作为情态动词，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句。aHow dare you say Im unfai
20、r?bHe darent speak English before such a crowd，dare he?cIf he dare break the rule，he will be punished.need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词用时，仅用于否定句或疑问句、条件从句中。意为“有必要”。在肯定句中一般用must，have to，ought to或should代替。aYou neednt come so early.bNeed I finish the work today?Yes，you must./No，you neednt.cIf you need go there，plea
21、se let me know.dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式；在否定和疑问句中，dare后可接带to或不带to的不定式。aI dare to swim across the river.bHe doesnt dare(to)answer.cWe need time and money.dThe dining room needs/wants/requires cleaning every day.The dining room needs/wants/requires to be cleaned every d
22、ay.eDoes he need to take the medicine three times a day?(10)需要注意的几点：表示猜测，can一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“经验之谈”。这时can可以表示客观的可能性，并不牵涉具体的事情是否会发生；要表示某事发生的可能性时需要用could，may，might。Children can often get ill suddenly.Certain things in the home can be dangerous，especially if you have young children.上面两句可以看作医务工作者或抚养过孩子的人说的话
23、，属“经验之谈”。may和might表可能性的推测时都不用于疑问句中。如：Can/Could it be cloudy tomorrow？(正)May/Might it be cloudy tomorrow？(误)must表肯定推测时的否定式是cant/couldnt，不是neednt或mustnt。should/ought to动词原形：想必现在/将来会The dinner should/ought to be ready now.He should/ought to ring up this afternoon.will动词原形：将来一定/准会Try your best，and your
24、wish will come true.即学即练完成句子1我们必须努力学习，否则就不会通过考试。We must work hard，or well fail in the examination.2这个女孩非常用功，所以她通过了最终的考试。The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final examination.3你怎么能捉弄我呢？How can you play a trick on me?4我们今天必须把这些玩具分类完毕吗？不，你们不必。Must we sort these toys today?No，you neednt/dont have to5我们应当尊重我们的老师和父母。We should respect our teachers and parents.学科网（北京）股份有限公司