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1、有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 语态语态时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时v. /v.sam /is /are + Vp.p一般过去时一般过去时vedwas / were + Vp.p一般将来时一般将来时will + v.will be + Vp.p过去将来时过去将来时would + v.would be + Vp.p过去完成时过去完成时had + Vp.phad been + Vp.p现在完成时现在完成时have /has + Vp.phave /has been + V
2、p.p现在进行时现在进行时am /is / are + Vingam /is /are + being + Vp.p过去进行时过去进行时was /were + Vingwas /were + being + Vp.p现在完成进行时现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时和将来完成时经常考到过去完成进行时和将来完成时经常考到.有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在every , sometimes,at , on Sunda
3、y 现在进行现在进行now, 现在完成现在完成for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般过去一般过去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行过去进行this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, w
4、hile 过去完成过去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般将来一般将来next, tomorrow, in 过去将来过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作的动作有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。（1）一般现在时）一般现在时1.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句（不受时态限制）句（不受时态限制） Knowledge b
5、egins with practice. She said that the sea water is salty. In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served-The girl _ weight recently. -Yes , she _ too much.has gained ,is eating B. gains ,eats C. is gaining, ate D. is gaining
6、 ,eats有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性反复出现的动作，多用动作动词，且示经常或习惯性反复出现的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用常与表频率的时间状语连用,如如always, often, now and then等。等。 Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help each other.3)表示知
7、觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong 、 seem等。如：等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的
8、企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 4)少数用于表示起止的动词如少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。往往是由自然按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。往往是由自然,日历或时刻表规定而不变且周而复始循环进行的情况日历或时刻表规定而不变且周而复始循环进行的情况,句中常带有时间状语句中常带有时间状语. The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
9、 Tomorrow is Wednesday. The train leaves at three this afternoon. The plane takes off at 15:00. School begins on Friday. 有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。5)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中常用一般在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时现在时代替将来时,如如when, before, until, If, as soon as等。等。If you
10、 will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. -Put these glasses away before they _. -OK. Ill put them in the cupboard. have broken B. are breaking C. get brokenD. will be broken6) 倒装句（由倒装句（由here，there开头的句子，动词用一开头的句子，动词用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作）般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作） Here comes the
11、bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。一般过去时一般过去时: 1)基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯。1.-Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）（溢出）co
12、ffee on the carpet.（地毯）（地毯） -Well , it _ me. A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. -Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet things. _ that? A. Dont you know B. Havent you known C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the offi
13、ce when you arrived there? -Yes , but she _soon afterwards. A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。He told me he _an interesting novel He told me he _an interesting novel last nightlast night . . 如果从句中有一个如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语过
14、去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词用过去式。先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词用过去式。一般过去时一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。的考点分析（考核重点）。表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示或有上下文语境暗示）；用于）；用于表达过去的习惯；表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事 I met her in the street yesterday.I met her in the street yes
15、terday. He used to smoke a lot.He used to smoke a lot. I thought the film would be interesting, but it I thought the film would be interesting, but it isntisnt. .readreadyesterday, last night , two days ago, in 2008, before liberation, at that time有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化
16、氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。3)追忆逝去的人或事追忆逝去的人或事,常用过去时常用过去时. Lei Feng set a good example to the people throughout the world. Charlie Chaplin was a great actor and acted in many films.4)一般过去时有时也可表示现在的行为一般过去时有时也可表示现在的行为,但口气要但口气要比用一般现在时更加委婉比用一般现在时更加委婉,客气客气.这样的词有这样的词有think, wonder,hope等等.I wondered if you could do
17、 me a favour.有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。5)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost
18、it.6)常用一般过去时的句型：常用一般过去时的句型：Why didnt you / I think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with mybrother before.I didnt recognize him.有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 3.一般将来时一般将来时1) 表示未来的动作或状态常用表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常动词（常与表示将来的时
19、间状语边用如与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。等）。 2) 表示一种趋向或习惯动作。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。 Well die without air or water. 3) 表示将来时的四种形式表示将来时的四种形式 will /shall +动词原形动词原形 be going to do be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么) be to do 有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 be going to be going to 有很强的
20、计划性，打算干什么，而有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而willwill表示谈表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性* be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而而will则能，表意愿。如：则能，表意愿。如： If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确正确) If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误错误) -The telephone is ringing.-The telephone is ringing. -I _
21、answer it. -I _ answer it.A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about toA. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was goin
22、g to D. did A. had B. would C. was going to D. did be going to be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will will 不能表不能表示示 Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。3. be to3. be to和和be going
23、to be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作的动作还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等等。be to do be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时有时=be going to=be going tobe to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事. .be going to be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow aftern
24、oon.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。4 4be about to do be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”， 表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用不与表示将来的时间状
25、语连用。常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思： 就在这时，是并列连就在这时，是并列连词词 构成句型：构成句型： be about to do when.be about to do when. I I was about to was about to leave leave when when it rained. it rained. 有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。特别注意特别注意（1 1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机一般现在
26、时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。等时刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow, tomorrow, 但没有但没有will ,be going to )will ,be going to )（2 2）某些瞬间动词某些瞬间动词“go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take ”begin, fly, take ”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动等用现在进行时
27、表示将要发生的动作。作。 Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _my Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _my mum.mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been been 有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。表示在最近按计划或安排要进
28、行的动作表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作 , ,仅限于少量动仅限于少量动词：词：return , stay , do, have, see sb off return , stay , do, have, see sb off Are you stayingAre you staying here till next week? here till next week?工作进行的怎么样？工作进行的怎么样？工作进行的相当顺利。工作进行的相当顺利。你进步很快。你进步很快。我们想在这里建一座我们想在这里建一座水坝。水坝。风挺大风挺大有人找你接电话。有人找你接电话。How are you getti
29、ng on with your How are you getting on with your work?work?The work is going fairly smoothly.The work is going fairly smoothly.Youre making rapid progress.Youre making rapid progress.Were thinking of building a dam Were thinking of building a dam here.here.Its blowing hard.Its blowing hard.Someone i
30、s asking for you on the Someone is asking for you on the phone.phone.有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。现在进行时现在进行时: :1 1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作表示现阶段一直在进行的动作, ,但说话时不一定正在进但说话时不一定正在进表近期特定的安排或计划；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可等起止动作可用进行时代替将
31、来时用进行时代替将来时I dont really work here. Im helping until the new I dont really work here. Im helping until the new secretary comes.secretary comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. because t
32、echnology_ so rapidly. A. will have changed B. has changed A. will have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change C. is changing D. will change -Ann works very hard. -In fact. I think she -Ann works very hard. -In fact. I think she _ just(_ just(只是只是) now.) now.A.A. studied B. is studying
33、 C. studies D. will study studied B. is studying C. studies D. will study 有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。My money _. I must go to the bank to My money _. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before draw some of my savings out of before Ive n
34、one in hand.Ive none in hand.A.has run out B. is running out A.has run out B. is running out C. has been run outD. is being run out C. has been run outD. is being run out I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out.your sweater inside out. A.
35、 had worn B. wore A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearing C. are wearing D. were wearing有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。1.You _things about . Look, what a mess in you 1.You _things about . Look, what a mess in you room!room!A. always throw B. have al
36、ways thrown A. always throw B. have always thrown C. are always throwing D. have always been thrownC. are always throwing D. have always been thrown2.You _ television. Why not do2.You _ television. Why not dosomething more active?something more active? A. always watch B. are always watching A. alway
37、s watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. have always been C. have always watched D. have always been watchingwatching现在进行时与现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, never always, continually , constantly, never 等连用，表示等连用，表示不满厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩不满厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。 有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，
38、以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。 过去进行时过去进行时1 1表示表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。（从句），或由上下文表示。 1.-Hey ,look where you are going?1.-Hey ,look where you are going? -Oh, Im terribly sorry ._. -Oh, Im terribly sorry ._. A. Im not noticing B. I dont noticing A. Im not noticing B
39、. I dont noticing C. I havent noticing D. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticing D. I wasnt noticing 2.-Hey ,what did I say? 2.-Hey ,what did I say? -I _. -I _. A. Im not listening B. I was not listening A. Im not listening B. I was not listening C. I dont listened D. I didnt listen C. I dont listene
40、d D. I didnt listeneg. This time yesterday ,they eg. This time yesterday ,they were havingwere having lunch lunch有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。2 2 表示表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。也可以不一定完成。-Why didnt you join us last night?-Why di
41、dnt you join us last night? -I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the -I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States.States. A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have been A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have been watchingwatching-Why werent you at th
42、e meeting?-Why werent you at the meeting? -I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia. -I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia. A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been Good heavens ! There you are ! We _
43、anxious about you . We Good heavens ! There you are ! We _ anxious about you . We _ you back much earlier all through the night._ you back much earlier all through the night. A. are , expect B. were, had expected A. are , expect B. were, had expected C. will be , are expecting D. have been ,were exp
44、ectingC. will be , are expecting D. have been ,were expecting -You look tired. -You look tired. -Yes. I _ until twelve oclock. -Yes. I _ until twelve oclock.A. am working B. was working C. has worked D.had workedA. am working B. was working C. has worked D.had worked有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场
45、为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。3 3 在简单句中有在简单句中有at that time, then , this time at that time, then , this time yesterday / last week, at 10 oclock last yesterday / last week, at 10 oclock last nightnight 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at a I first met L
46、isa three years ago . She _ at a radio shop at the time.radio shop at the time.has worked B. was working has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had workedC. had been working D. had worked特别注意：特别注意：与与alwaysalways连用，表示感情色彩。连用，表示感情色彩。My brother was always losing his key.My brother was always
47、losing his key.有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart.A. wasnt making B. dont make C. wont make D. didnt ma
48、ke2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change3. He _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.A. will swim B. have swum C. swam D. swims4. Jimmy
49、said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now.A. hasnt turned up B. doesnt turn up C. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up有利于学习和创新的组织管理机制，创造充满活力的创新激励机制，以市场为导向，以顾客价值追求为中心的企业文化氛围，依赖既开放又相互信任的合作环境。5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A. catch B. had caught C. caught D. catching7
50、. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking8. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.A. is B. does C. will be D. has been9. The computers made by our company sell best