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1、TPO5托福浏览真题原文及答案解析Part2TPO5托福浏览真题原文及答案解析Part2如今大家在进行托福备考时TPO托福模考软件相信是大家用的最多的工具了，对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。今天我在这里整理了TPO5托福浏览真题原文及答案解析Part2来共享给大家，希望对大家托福听力备考有帮助托福TPO5浏览真题文本：Part2TheOriginofthePacificIslandPeopleThegreaterPacificregion,traditionallycalledOceania,consistsofthreeculturalareas:Melanesia,Micronesia,
2、andPolynesia.Melanesia,inthesouthwestPacific,containsthelargeislandsofNewGuinea,theSolomons,Vanuatu,andNewCaledonia.Micronesia,theareanorthofMelanesia,consistsprimarilyofsmallscatteredislands.PolynesiaisthecentralPacificareainthegreattriangledefinedbyHawaii,EasterIsland,andNewZealand.Beforethearriva
3、lofEuropeans,theislandsinthetwolargestculturalareas,PolynesiaandMicronesia,togethercontainedapopulationestimatedat700,000.SpeculationontheoriginofthesePacificislandersbeganassoonasoutsidersencounteredthem,intheabsenceofsolidlinguistic,archaeological,andbiologicaldata,manyfancifulandmutuallyexclusive
4、theoriesweredevised.PacificislandersarevariouslythoughttohavecomefromNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Egypt,Israel,andIndia,aswellasSoutheastAsia.ManyoldertheoriesimplicitlydeprecatedthenavigationalabilitiesandoverallculturalcreativityofthePacificislanders.Forexample,BritishanthropologistsG.ElliotSmithandW
5、.J.PerryassumedthatonlyEgyptianswouldhavebeenskilledenoughtonavigateandcolonizethePacific.TheyinferredthattheEgyptiansevencrossedthePacifictofoundthegreatcivilizationsoftheNewWorld(NorthandSouthAmerica).In1947NorwegianadventurerThorHeyerdahldriftedonabalsa-lograftwestwardwiththewindsandcurrentsacros
6、sthePacificfromSouthAmericatoprovehistheorythatPacificislanderswereNativeAmericans(alsocalledAmericanIndians).LaterHeyerdahlsuggestedthatthePacificwaspeopledbythreemigrations:byNativeAmericansfromthePacificNorthwestofNorthAmericadriftingtoHawaii,byPeruviansdriftingtoEasterIsland,andbyMelanesians.In1
7、969hecrossedtheAtlanticinanEgyptian-stylereedboattoproveEgyptianinfluencesintheAmericas.Contrarytothesetheorists,theoverwhelmingevidenceofphysicalanthropology,linguistics,andarchaeologyshowsthatthePacificislanderscamefromSoutheastAsiaandwereskilledenoughasnavigatorstosailagainsttheprevailingwindsand
8、currents.ThebasicculturalrequirementsforthesuccessfulcolonizationofthePacificislandsincludetheappropriateboat-building,sailing,andnavigationskillstogettotheislandsinthefirstplace,domesticatedplantsandgardeningskillssuitedtooftenmarginalconditions,andavariedinventoryoffishingimplementsandtechniques.I
9、tisnowgenerallybelievedthattheseprerequisitesoriginatedwithpeoplesspeakingAustronesianlanguages(agroupofseveralhundredrelatedlanguages)andbegantoemergeinSoutheastAsiabyabout5000B.C.E.Thecultureofthattime,basedonarchaeologyandlinguisticreconstruction,isassumedtohavehadabroadinventoryofcultivatedplant
10、sincludingtaro,yarns,banana,sugarcane,breadfruit,coconut,sago,andrice.Justasimportant,theculturealsopossessedthebasicfoundationforaneffectivemaritimeadaptation,includingoutriggercanoesandavarietyoffishingtechniquesthatcouldbeeffectiveforoverseasvoyaging.Contrarytotheargumentsofsomethatmuchofthepacif
11、icwassettledbyPolynesiansaccidentallymaroonedafterbeinglostandadrift,itseemsreasonablethatthisfeatwasaccomplishedbydeliberatecolonizationexpeditionsthatsetoutfullystockedwithfoodanddomesticatedplantsandanimals.Detailedstudiesofthewindsandcurrentsusingcomputersimulationssuggestthatdriftingcanoeswould
12、havebeenamostunlikelymeansofcolonizingthePacific.Theseexpeditionswerelikelydrivenbypopulationgrowthandpoliticaldynamicsonthehomeislands,aswellasthechallengeandexcitementofexploringunknownwaters.BecauseallPolynesians,Micronesians,andmanyMelanesiansspeakAustronesianlanguagesandgrowcropsderivedfromSout
13、heastAsia,allthesepeoplesmostcertainlyderivedfromthatregionandnottheNewWorldorelsewhere.Theundisputedpre-ColumbianpresenceinOceaniaofthesweetpotato,whichisaNewWorlddomesticate,hassometimesbeenusedtosupportHeyerdahlsAmericanIndiansinthePacifictheories.However,thisisoneplantoutofalonglistofSoutheastAs
14、iandomesticates.AsPatrickKirch,anAmericananthropologist,pointsout,ratherthanbeingbroughtbyraftingSouthAmericans,sweetpotatoesmightjusthaveeasilybeenbroughtbackbyreturningPolynesiannavigatorswhocouldhavereachedthewestcoastofSouthAmerica.Paragraph1:ThegreaterPacificregion,traditionallycalledOceania,co
15、nsistsofthreeculturalareas:Melanesia,Micronesia,andPolynesia.Melanesia,inthesouthwestPacific,containsthelargeislandsofNewGuinea,theSolomons,Vanuatu,andNewCaledonia.Micronesia,theareanorthofMelanesia,consistsprimarilyofsmallscatteredislands.PolynesiaisthecentralPacificareainthegreattriangledefinedbyH
16、awaii,EasterIsland,andNewZealand.BeforethearrivalofEuropeans,theislandsinthetwolargestculturalareas,PolynesiaandMicronesia,togethercontainedapopulationestimatedat700,000.托福TPO5浏览题目：Part21.Accordingtoparagraph1,allofthefollowingaretruestatementsaboutMelanesia,Micronesia,andPolynesiaEXCEPT:Collectivel
17、y,theseregionsaretraditionallyknownasOceania.TheseislandsofMicronesiaaresmallandspreadout.Hawaii,EasterIsland,andNewZealandmarktheboundariesofPolynesia.MelanesiaissituatedtothenorthofMicronesia.Paragraph2:SpeculationontheoriginofthesePacificislandersbeganassoonasoutsidersencounteredthem,intheabsence
18、ofsolidlinguistic,archaeological,andbiologicaldata,manyfancifulandmutuallyexclusivetheoriesweredevised.PacificislandersarevariouslythoughttohavecomefromNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Egypt,Israel,andIndia,aswellasSoutheastAsia.Manyoldertheoriesimplicitlydeprecatedthenavigationalabilitiesandoverallcultura
19、lcreativityofthePacificislanders.Forexample,BritishanthropologistsG.ElliotSmithandW.J.PerryassumedthatonlyEgyptianswouldhavebeenskilledenoughtonavigateandcolonizethePacific.TheyinferredthattheEgyptiansevencrossedthePacifictofoundthegreatcivilizationsoftheNewWorld(NorthandSouthAmerica).In1947Norwegia
20、nadventurerThorHeyerdahldriftedonabalsa-lograftwestwardwiththewindsandcurrentsacrossthePacificfromSouthAmericatoprovehistheorythatPacificislanderswereNativeAmericans(alsocalledAmericanIndians).LaterHeyerdahlsuggestedthatthePacificwaspeopledbythreemigrations:byNativeAmericansfromthePacificNorthwestof
21、NorthAmericadriftingtoHawaii,byPeruviansdriftingtoEasterIsland,andbyMelanesians.In1969hecrossedtheAtlanticinanEgyptian-stylereedboattoproveEgyptianinfluencesintheAmericas.Contrarytothesetheorists,theoverwhelmingevidenceofphysicalanthropology,linguistics,andarchaeologyshowsthatthePacificislanderscame
22、fromSoutheastAsiaandwereskilledenoughasnavigatorstosailagainsttheprevailingwindsandcurrents.2.Bystatingthatthetheoriesaremutuallyexclusivetheauthormeansthatifoneofthetheoriesistrue,thenalltheothersmustbefalsethedifferencesbetweenthetheoriesareunimportanttakentogether,thetheoriescoverallpossibilities
23、thetheoriessupporteachother3.Thewordoverwhelminginthepassageisclosestinmeaningtopowerfulfavorablecurrentreasonable4.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingledsomeearlyresearcherstobelievethatthePacificislandersoriginallycamefromEgypt?Egyptianswereknowntohavefoundedothergreatcivilizations.Sailorsfr
24、omotherpartsoftheworldwerebelievedtolacktheskillsneededtotravelacrosstheocean.Linguistic,archaeological,andbiologicaldataconnectedtheislandstoEgypt.EgyptianaccountsclaimedresponsibilityforcolonizingthePacificaswellastheAmericas.5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph2aboutearlytheoriesofwher
25、ethefirstinhabitantsofthePacificislandscamefrom?Theyweregenerallybasedonsolidevidence.TheytriedtoaccountfortheoriginofthecharacteristicfeaturesofthelanguagesspokenbyPacificislanders.TheyassumedthatthepeopleslivinginSoutheastAsiadidnothavetheskillsneededtosailtothePacificislands.Theyquestionedtheidea
26、sofG.ElliotSmithandW.J.Perry.Paragraph3:ThebasicculturalrequirementsforthesuccessfulcolonizationofthePacificislandsincludetheappropriateboat-building,sailing,andnavigationskillstogettotheislandsinthefirstplace,domesticatedplantsandgardeningskillssuitedtooftenmarginalconditions,andavariedinventoryoff
27、ishingimplementsandtechniques.ItisnowgenerallybelievedthattheseprerequisitesoriginatedwithpeoplesspeakingAustronesianlanguages(agroupofseveralhundredrelatedlanguages)andbegantoemergeinSoutheastAsiabyabout5000B.C.E.Thecultureofthattime,basedonarchaeologyandlinguisticreconstruction,isassumedtohavehada
28、broadinventoryofcultivatedplantsincludingtaro,yarns,banana,sugarcane,breadfruit,coconut,sago,andrice.Justasimportant,theculturealsopossessedthebasicfoundationforaneffectivemaritimeadaptation,includingoutriggercanoesandavarietyoffishingtechniquesthatcouldbeeffectiveforoverseasvoyaging.6.Thewordimplem
29、entsinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoskillstoolsopportunitiespractices7.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph3asrequiredforsuccessfulcolonizationofthePacificislandsEXCEPTknowledgeofvariousAustronesianlanguagesavarietyoffishingtechniquesnavigationalskillsknowledgeofplantcultivation8.Inparagraph3,wh
30、ydoestheauthorprovideinformationaboutthetypesofcropsgrownandboatsusedinSoutheastAsiaduringtheperiodaround5000B.C.E.?ToevaluatetherelativeimportanceofagricultureandfishingtoearlyAustronesianpeoplesToillustratetheeffectivenessofarchaeologicalandlinguisticmethodsindiscoveringdetailsaboutlifeinancientti
31、mesTocontrastlivingconditionsonthecontinentofAsiawithlivingconditionsonthePacificislandsTodemonstratethatpeoplefromthisregionhadtheskillsandresourcesnecessarytotraveltoandsurviveonthePacificislandsParagraph4:ContrarytotheargumentsofsomethatmuchofthepacificwassettledbyPolynesiansaccidentallymarooneda
32、fterbeinglostandadrift,itseemsreasonablethatthisfeatwasaccomplishedbydeliberatecolonizationexpeditionsthatsetoutfullystockedwithfoodanddomesticatedplantsandanimals.DetailedstudiesofthewindsandcurrentsusingcomputersimulationssuggestthatdriftingcanoeswouldhavebeenamostunlikelymeansofcolonizingthePacif
33、ic.Theseexpeditionswerelikelydrivenbypopulationgrowthandpoliticaldynamicsonthehomeislands,aswellasthechallengeandexcitementofexploringunknownwaters.BecauseallPolynesians,Micronesians,andmanyMelanesiansspeakAustronesianlanguagesandgrowcropsderivedfromSoutheastAsia,allthesepeoplesmostcertainlyderivedf
34、romthatregionandnottheNewWorldorelsewhere.Theundisputedpre-ColumbianpresenceinOceaniaofthesweetpotato,whichisaNewWorlddomesticate,hassometimesbeenusedtosupportHeyerdahlsAmericanIndiansinthePacifictheories.However,thisisoneplantoutofalonglistofSoutheastAsiandomesticates.AsPatrickKirch,anAmericananthr
35、opologist,pointsout,ratherthanbeingbroughtbyraftingSouthAmericans,sweetpotatoesmightjusthaveeasilybeenbroughtbackbyreturningPolynesiannavigatorswhocouldhavereachedthewestcoastofSouthAmerica.9.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectch
36、oiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.SomepeoplehavearguedthatthePacificwassettledbytraderswhobecamelostwhiletransportingdomesticatedplantsandanimals.TheoriginalPolynesiansettlerswereprobablymaroonedontheislands,buttheymayhavebeenjoinedlaterbycarefullypreparedcolonizatio
37、nexpeditions.Althoughitseemsreasonabletobelievethatcolonizationexpeditionswouldsetoutfullystocked,thisiscontradictedbymuchoftheevidence.ThesettlementofthePacificislandswasprobablyintentionalandwellplannedratherthanaccidentalassomepeoplehaveproposed.10.Thewordundisputedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningt
38、omysteriousunexpectedacknowledgedsignificant11.Accordingtoparagraph4,whichofthefollowingisNOTanexplanationforwhyagroupofpeoplemighthavewantedtocolonizethePacificislands?Astheirnumbersincreased,theyneededadditionalterritory.Thewindsandcurrentsmadetheislandseasytoreach.Thepoliticalsituationathomemadee
39、migrationdesirable.Theyfoundexplorationchallengingandexciting.12.WhydoestheauthormentiontheviewsofPatrickKirch?TopresentevidenceinfavorofHeyerdahlsideaaboutAmericanIndiansreachingOceaniaToemphasizethefamiliarityofPacificislanderswithcropsfrommanydifferentregionsoftheworldToindicatethatsupposedprooff
40、orHeyerdahlstheoryhasanalternativeexplanationTodemonstratethatsomeofthesamecropswerecultivatedinbothSouthAmericaandOceaniaParagraph2:SpeculationontheoriginofthesePacificislandersbeganassoonasoutsidersencounteredthem,intheabsenceofsolidlinguistic,archaeological,andbiologicaldata,manyfancifulandmutual
41、lyexclusivetheoriesweredevised.PacificislandersarevariouslythoughttohavecomefromNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Egypt,Israel,andIndia,aswellasSoutheastAsia.ManyoldertheoriesimplicitlydeprecatedthenavigationalabilitiesandoverallculturalcreativityofthePacificislanders.Forexample,BritishanthropologistsG.Elli
42、otSmithandW.J.PerryassumedthatonlyEgyptianswouldhavebeenskilledenoughtonavigateandcolonizethePacific.TheyinferredthattheEgyptiansevencrossedthePacifictofoundthegreatcivilizationsoftheNewWorld(NorthandSouthAmerica).In1947NorwegianadventurerThorHeyerdahldriftedonabalsa-lograftwestwardwiththewindsandcu
43、rrentsacrossthePacificfromSouthAmericatoprovehistheorythatPacificislanderswereNativeAmericans(alsocalledAmericanIndians).LaterHeyerdahlsuggestedthatthePacificwaspeopledbythreemigrations:byNativeAmericansfromthePacificNorthwestofNorthAmericadriftingtoHawaii,byPeruviansdriftingtoEasterIsland,andbyMela
44、nesians.In1969hecrossedtheAtlanticinanEgyptian-stylereedboattoproveEgyptianinfluencesintheAmericas.Contrarytothesetheorists,theoverwhelmingevidenceofphysicalanthropology,linguistics,andarchaeologyshowsthatthePacificislanderscamefromSoutheastAsiaandwereskilledenoughasnavigatorstosailagainsttheprevail
45、ingwindsandcurrents.13.Lookatthefoursquaresthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Latertheoriesconcentrateonjourneysintheotherdirection.Wherecouldthesentencebestfit?Directions:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHR
46、EEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Someanswerc14.hoicesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageor15.areminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.Together,Melanesia,Micronesia,andPolynesiamakeuptheregiondescribedasthePacificislands
47、,orOceania.AnswerChoicesThefirstEuropeanstoreachtheareaassumedthattheislandsoriginalinhabitantsmusthavedriftedtoOceania,perhapsfromEgyptortheAmericas.Itisnowbelievedthattheprocessofcolonizationrequiredagreatdealofskill,determination,andplanningandcouldnothavehappenedbychance.Usinglinguisticandarchae
48、ologicalevidence,anthropologistshavedeterminedthatthefirstPacificislanderswereAustronesianpeoplefromSoutheastAsia.Newevidencesuggeststhat,ratherthanbeingisolated,PacificislandersengagedintradeandsocialinteractionwithpeopleslivinginSoutheastAsia.Althoughearlycolonizersoftheislandsprobablycamefromagri
49、culture-basedsocieties,theywereobligedtoadoptaneconomybasedonfishing.ComputersimulationsofthewindsandcurrentsinthePacifichaveshownthatreachingthePacificislandswasprobablymucheasierthanpreviouslythought托福TPO5浏览真题翻译：Part2参考答案：1.42.13.14.25.36.27.18.49.410.311.212.313.414.ThefirstEuropeanstoItisnowbelieved