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1、托福写作题型构造分类介绍托福写作题型构造分类介绍托福写作考试的题型也不是单一的，其实也又很多分类，不同的题目构造，其答题的策略也是不一样的。对于考生而言，把握这些题型特点，以及对应的写作方法，是我们提高托福写作分数的重要内容。详细的托福写作的题目构造有哪些呢?下面我为大家整理了具体的内容，供大家参考!托福写作题型构造分类介绍一、应不应该题这类题目在题目中一般都会含有should一词，或者含有“应该做或“不应该做的意思，问你如此做应不应该。考生要根据这些“应该和“不应该来写作文章。例如这个题目就是应不应该题：Doyouagreeordisagreewithfollowingstatement:a
2、llschoolteachersshouldberequiredtotakecourseseveryfiveyearstoupdatetheirknowledge.(120204CN)二、绝对题这类题目中经常会带有绝对的语气词，例如only，must，always等;通常这类命题的题目比拟明确且语气比拟强烈，就是来问你同不同意这种讲法，根据这个思路去构思文章。下面这个题目就是托福独立写作绝对题：Doyouagreeordisagreewithfollowingstatement:onlymoviesthatcanteachussomethingaboutreallifeareworth.(11
3、0828CN)三、现象证实题在这一类托福独立写作题目中，主要是在讨论一个如今可能存在的或者是将来可能会发生的现象，问你这个现象有没有或者是会不会出现，考生根据这个思路去拓展写作文章。例如下面这个题目就是一个现象证实题：Doyouagreeordisagreewithfollowingstatement:inmoderntimes,grandparentscannotgivetheirgrandchildrenusefuladvicebecausetheworldoftodayaretoodifferentthanitwasinthepast.(140112CN)四、比拟题这类题目在考试中也是比
4、拟常见的，题目中会含有2个或者3个选项来让你选择。这些选择当中可能是不同事物的横向比照，也有可能是同一事物的纵向比照，或者是今夕比照，这种情况出现的较多。假如出现这类题目时可能会同应不应该题或者是现象证实题进行混搭，这样效果会更好一些。例如下面的题目就是比拟题型：Doyouagreeordisagreewithfollowingstatement:nowadaysadvertisementsaremorehonestthantheywereinthepast.(121214NA)托福写作备考之小心这些误区托福写作和白话虽没有标准答案，但并不意味着没有参考标准。写作部分的评分标准在官方OG中有明
5、确的讲明，包括从官方的出分报告来看，评分主要分为三个维度。文章构造(well-organized)文章发展(well-developed)语言表达(languageuse)本文将结合详细的例子分析每个维度怎样评分以及怎样提升。一.构造明晰(well-organized)误区一：不是分段落就叫构造明晰!在OGP611中有一部分关于organization的讲明，通过几个问句提醒同学们一篇完好的文章应该要包含几个部分：开始段，主体段和结尾段，并且要分段，构造要明晰。同学们往往对于每部分要写什么毋庸置疑，但在准备的经过中，往往重视形式大过内容。原则上，在不影响主体段发挥的前提下，开始和结尾的方法以及
6、长度随意(OG中介绍了6种开始方法以及5种结尾方法)，保证关键的信息给出即可;但从大部分同学的实际考试情况来看，开始和结尾总倾向于事先准备好的模板句型;相反，最重要的主体段没有留足够的时间和精神。结果往往捡了芝麻丢了西瓜。所以除非能够灵敏运用OG介绍的方法，否则建议同学简化开始和结尾。我们看一下OG书上的一个开始段例子：Theimportanceoftheissueraisedbytheposedstatement,namelycreatinganewholidayforpeople,cannotbeunderestimated,asitconcernstheveryfabricofsocie
7、ty.Asitstands,theissueofcreatinganewholidayraisesprofoundimplicationsforthefuture.However,althoughthesubjectmatteringeneralcannotbedismissedlightheartedly,theperspectiveoftheissueaspresentedbythestatementraisescertainqualmsregardingpracticalapplication.这个开始段的前两句都在强调话题(createanewholiday)的重要性，属于赘述(red
8、undancy)，第三句并没有很直接给出立场，不符合评分标准中的“有效回答问题。为了获得一个高分，我们需要避免赘述(redundancy)和偏题(digression)。其次OG中有个2分的文章，截取每段的第一句话：Inthefollowing,Iwillillustratemyopinionbytworeasons.Firstofall,honestmakethetruststrongerbetweenfriendsorcolleagues.Secondly,tellingaliealwaysmakesthingsworsenotonlyinworkbutalsoinfamilylife.O
9、nthecontrary,sometimesitisbettertotellalietoothers,suchastellingalietoapatient.作者想给出2个理由，从正反论证讲实话在人际关系中的重要性。而第三段的onthecontrary，看似是比照论证，然而并非是描绘扯谎的弊端“，所以构造上会引起困惑。关于构造明晰，一方面建议大家不要大片背诵模板句式然后进行堆砌。今年的两场考试中，已经有明确要求Donotusememorizedexamples.假如不能将模板句式巧妙结合所写文章熟练混迹在本人的语言表达之下，那么建议踏踏实实审题。另一方面，平常能够结合历年真题，多训练开门见山的
10、思维方式，然后根据不同的话题补充相应的词汇短语等语料表达，不至于无话可讲。二.展开有条理(well-developed)误区二：不是有逻辑连接词就叫有逻辑!首先我们来看一下OG是怎样要求well-developed的：_aveIdonemybesttosupportanddevelopmyideas?(有没有支持立场的分论点?)_oIincludeenoughdetailsineachparagraphsothatthemainideaandtopicsentenceareexplainedfully?(每段能否有很充分的细节支持分论点?)_oIusewordsandphrasesthathe
11、lpthereaderthinkaboutrelationshipsbetweendifferentideasintheessay?(句与句之间能否有用逻辑连接词/短语?)每个段落要做到很好的展开，就要注意句与句之间的逻辑性。OGP618介绍了很多种展开的方法，包括讲故事、举例子、讲道理等等，同时补充了大量的逻辑连接词。同学们习惯于把逻辑连接词/短语事先准备好，平常练习或者考试时都先打出来再往里面僵硬地填充内容，以为能够骗过e-rater和考官。但在这些逻辑词下，我们往往会看到同学写出这样的内容：由于独生子女，所以自私;由于科技和经济发展，所以压力大。其实第二句和第一句之间并没有直接的因果关系
12、，第二句并不是对第一句的进一步阐述，所以即使有暗示逻辑关系的连接词/短语，内容上并非如此。也就是不符合评分标准中的渐进性(progression)。在第一个“由于独生子女，所以自私的例子中，我们能够这样推理：独生子女(only-child)得到更多家人的关注(limelight)缺少付出的意识(lessgive,moretake)自私(egoism);此外，独生子女缺少和兄弟姐妹的相处(interactwithsiblings)缺少共享的意识(share)自私。这样的两条简单逻辑链就能够推出“自私的结果。所以针对这一问题，建议同学们结合咱们点题班或者教师整理的机经中的主题句，在草稿纸上用中文关
13、键词罗列因果链，训练演绎推理的方法，反复追问因果关系(causality)能否成立。三.语言运用(languageuse)误区三：不是辞藻华美就叫好句子!语言部分OG对于我们的要求是consistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage，给我们的详细建议是:句式构造丰富(avarietyofsentencestructures)和恰当的措辞(appropriatewordchoice)，评分者会从下面四个角度去审查语法错误(grammar)词汇使用(usage)技术层面(mechanics)语言风格(style)词汇词汇层面是同学们最纠结的痛点，背的往往用不上，写出来的都是简
14、单词。其实词汇并没有高低贵贱之讲，只要恰当地道与否。但很多时候，“恰当“地道更难把握。比方“不利于教学进程的表达，大部分同学会用“exertnegativeeffectsontheprocessofeducation;但在一定的语境下，stagnate(停滞)这个词要比exertnegativeeffects更有画面感，更能吸引读者的浏览兴趣。同样，想表达“不利于相互的关系，用“underminemutualrelationship比“doharmtorelationshipbetweeneachother更简洁。想表达“越来越多的时候并不总是“moreandmore，形容词“increasi
15、ng/gradual可以以。还有“accordingtohowurgeandimportantthetaskis能够用priority这个词来表达，即“accordingtothepriorityofdifferenttasks。想做到熟练恰当运用这些词汇的话，和平常大量的精读以及课外英文小讲浏览习惯的养成密不可分。读写不分家，所以为了实实在在能提高写作部分的词汇量，一方面建议同学们平常做浏览不要仅仅为了检测教师讲的方法论的可行性，能够选择喜欢的文章进行精读;同时笔记本上及时记下那些用得恰当的动词、形容词。另一方面，通过写作部分范文的精读，积累词汇和短语甚至句型。词汇的用法一定要结合详细的语境
16、，“dosb.good中的每个词汇都很简单，但是并非不如conducive/beneficial。句式句子多样性并非是指大量的长难句、倒装句等各种，往往我们中国考生在追求长难的时候，评分者更希望考生的句子可读性强(legible)。何为可读?并不是词汇句式简单到小学生都能看懂，而是在内容丰富且逻辑渐进的基础上，长短结合，会灵敏使用简单句、并列句和从句。OG中有这样一个片段：BaseballisthegreatAmericansport.And,itisthoughtofasasummerpastime.Soassoonastheweatherturnswarm,alltheneighborho
17、odkidsfindafieldtotossaballaround.Andsoontheyformteamsandplayeachother.Butallsummer,theyalwaysfindtimetolistentoprogamesontheradio.AndtheywatchthemonTV.对这样一个以大量并列连接词前置句首的片段进行了细微地修改，变成如下版本：Baseball,thegreatAmericansport,isthoughtofasasummerpastime.Assoonastheweatherturnswarm,theneighborhoodkidsfindaf
18、ieldtotossaballaround.Soon,theyformteamsandplayeachother,butallsummer,theyalwaysfindtimetolistentoprogamesontheradioandwatchthemonTV.词汇本身并没有变化，句式丰富性加强了，语言风格更恰当地道。语法语法也是语言部分考察的重点，少量的语法错误不影响得分。这部分同学们能够认真浏览OG中的Unit9languageuse部分，解释明晰例子具体，非常完好介绍了语法部分的评分角度。大家往往容易错的比方并列构造错误、词性不清楚(副词当连接词使用)、句子成分残缺等，一定要在平常的
19、练习中改正过来。否则考场上，即使认真检查，多半也是检查不出问题，觉得本人的文章几乎完美。作文的前期注重积累，后期注重练习。先有输入才有输出。托福不考智商，没有作文是同学们不会写或者讲想不到任何理由的，最关键的是，怎样用英文准确表达才是关键。所以一定要踏实备考，结合OG中的讲解，以及教师补充的词汇、短语和范文，打好基础。托福写作范文：大学应加强设施建设还是招聘好教师托福独立写作题目：Doyouagreeordisagree:theuniversitiesshouldspendmoremoneyinimprovingfacilities(libraries,computerlabs)thanhir
20、ingfamousteachers.托福写作模板及参考答案：托福写作范文参考一:2016年7月16日托福独立写作范文宁波新东方李瑾教师Cradlesofcultivatingtalents,universitiesaresupposedtoprovidemosthigh-calibereducation.Respondingtotheexpectation,universitieshavetothinktheissueover.Comparedwithhiringmoreteachers,frommyownperspective,keepingfacilitiesandresourcesint
21、heuniversitiesmostadvancedandupdatedismoreessentialnotonlyforstudentsbutalsoforrenownedprofessors.Firstofall,studentsareabletoenjoyabetterstudyenvironmentiftheirschoolsutilizeadvancedequipment.Withtheassistanceofexquisiteinventionssuchaselectronicscreenandprojectors,aswellaslaboratoryequipment,likem
22、icroscopesandchemicalreactors,studyingwouldnolongerbeatediousandrepetitiousinformationengraftingprocess,butawayeveryonewouldliketogetinvolvedin.Similarly,definitionsandformulasofphysicsandchemistrywillgraveninstudentsmindsdeeplyiftheyareaidedbytheequipmentwhenexperimenting.However,hardlycanprofessor
23、scrystalizeabstractconceptsintodefiniteideaswithoutadvancedteachingdevices.Whatismore,asforfamousteachersthemselves,auniversitythatdoesnotinvestinitsfacilitieswouldbeappealing.Tobeconstantlyenthusiasticonresearchingtheirrespectiveacademicfields,teachershaveagreatdemandforexquisitefacilitiestomaintai
24、nprogressingontheirownfields.Themostsophisticatedtechnologicaldevicesofferedinuniversitiesenabletheseteacherstoconductsuccessfulresearchesandremainatthetop,whichisreallyattractivetothoserenownedprofessors.Bycontrast,oldandobsoleteteachingandstudyingfacilitieswillcertainlynotinspireteacherstokeepfurt
25、heracademicresearching.Also,practicallyimpossiblewillteachershaveinterestinmakingprogress.Granted,itisconcededthathiringmoreteachersinuniversitiesmeansguaranteeingeducationqualityinsomesensebecauseeverystudentwillbeconcernedandcaredabout.Evenslightestandmostsubtleacademicperformancechangesofstudents
26、willbenoticed;therefore,teacherscanencourageandguidefrustratedandupsettingstudentsintime.However,whileweighingthebenefitsbroughtbyinvestinginfacilitiesandhiringmoreteachers,wecanconcludethatfacilitiesaremoreworthwhile.Inconclusion,Ishouldreiteratethatuniversitiesshouldupdatetheirfacilities,makingato
27、ppriority.Withoutadvancedfacilities,auniversitywillnotbehelpedfurtherimproved.托福写作写作参考二:2016年7月16日托福独立写作范文(新东方孟炎)Advancedfacilities,likelibraries,researchcenter,universityhospitalareindispensiblepartsofagooduniversitywhilefamousteachersarealsoabigcomponentofaprestigioushigherinstitution.Personally,I
28、thinkitisbetterforuniversitiestospendmoremoneyinhiringfamousprofessors.Admittedly,researchcenterscanbeaplacewhereadvancedtechnologyisincubated,alibrarythatincorporatesstate-of-the-arttechnologycanalsobeconducivetostudentsstudy,however,Istillbelievethatfamousprofessorsplayamoresignificantroleinassess
29、ingthereputationofauniversity.Firstoff,well-respectedprofessorsinaspecificfieldcanbringlotsofbenefitsnotonlytothewholecommunitybutalsototheuniversity.Tomorespecific,prestigiousprofessorscancomeupwiththeoriesandsolutionstothemostintriguingproblemsfacedbyhumanbeings,liketreatmentofcancers,diabetesande
30、venheartattack.Economistscanusedataandeconomicmodelsintheirempiricalstudytopredicttheeconomy,anditcanprovidelotsofinformationfortheauthoritytomaketimelyadjustmenttotheirpolicies.Electronicengineerscandesignsomemicro-chipsthatcansustainlarge-scalecomputation.Thebenefitsthatprofessorsbringtotheschoolc
31、anbealsoenormous.Forinstance,aNovelPrizelaureatecanattractcountlessresearchfoundationsanddonationsfromboththeprivateandpublicsectors,withthislargesumofmoney,theuniversitycaninturnrenovatelabs,researchcentersandevenlibraries.Additionally,well-establishedprofessorsandresearcherscaneducateandenlightenb
32、rilliantyoungstudentsandcultivatefuturescientists.Famousprofessorsareusuallyexpertineducation,theymighthavebeenteachingandresearchingintheirfieldformorethanafewdecades,thushaveaccumulatedlotsofrichteachingexperienceanddevelopedthemosteffectiveteachingapproach.Togetherwiththeirsuperbcharisma,lotsofbr
33、ightyoungadultswillbemotivatedandinspiredandthereforeembarkontheroadofscientificendeavorandexploration.Suchinspirationsandmotivationscannotbebroughtbyimprovedfacilities.Indeed,itistheexpertiseandcharismaofthesefamousprofessorsthatattractthousandsofbrilliantyoungstudentstoenrollinacollege.Toconclude,
34、hiringmorefamousprofessorsaremoreadvisablethanrenovatingfacilitiessincethescientificdiscoveriesbroughtbyprofessorscanbringcolossalbenefitstoboththecommunityandtheuniversity,andalsotheexpertiseandcharismaofwell-establishedprofessorscanattract,enlightenandcultivatefuturescientists.托福写作范文：想要高薪但是工作时间长的工
35、作吗托福写作真题重现Wouldyoupreferahigherpayjobwithlongerworktimeoranaveragepayjobwithnormalworktime.托福写作模板及参考答案：托福写作范文参考:2016年7月9日托福独立写作范文Inthecurrentsocietyfulloffiercecompetition,wecanreadilyobservethatlandinganidealjobhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult,whichforcesustoaconcessionintherequirementofthejobwewant.
36、Whenitcomestowhichismoreappealing,ahigherpayjobwithlongerworktimeoranaveragepayjobwithnormalworktime,peoplevaryinginbackgroundsandpersonalitiesmayviewthesameissuefromdifferentangles.Frommyperspective,towardssuchalong-runningtug-of-war,mychoicewilldependsonwhatageIam.Ontheonehand,duringmytwentiesandt
37、hirties,mypreferencewillbeahigherpayjobwithlongerworktime.Foronething,asforyoungadultswrestlingwithvariousbillsindailylife,thehighsalarywillhelpthemtorelievetheirfinancialpressureandthusmeettheirbasicneedoflife.Tobespecific,theextremelyhighpriceofhouseinChinahasbeenbeyondtheaffordablerangeofmostpeop
38、le.Inordertopaytherentsoraffordahouse,youngpeopleneedsdesperatelyalargesumofmoneywhichcanbeearnedinadecentjob.Foranother,longerworktimeisnotabigdealfortheyoung,becausetheyaresoenergeticandvigorousthatasoundsleepcanhelpthemtorestoretheirvitality.Agoodcaseinpointistheexperiencemyfriend,Andy.Asabrokeri
39、nanStockExchangeCompanyinBeijing,hehastodealwithlargequantitiesofdataandkeepclosetrackofanyeventswhichmaycausethefluctuationofstockprice.Althoughtheheavypressurebroughtbyhisjoboftenrequirehimtoworkovertimeandevenaroundtheclock,henevermakescomplaintsbecausetheexcitingandadventurousexperiencefromselli
40、ngorbuyingstocksappealshimalot.Ontheotherhand,ntheotherhand,whenIamatthemiddleageoroldage,anaveragepayjobwithnormalworktimewillbemuchbetter.Afteraccumulatingfortunesintheearlyyearsoflife,old-agepeopledonotsufferfromhugefinancialpressuresothatlowincomewillnotaffecttheirlifegreatly.Asweknow,theoldhave
41、ownedtheirownhousesandarenotinterestedinpursuingthelatestelectronicdevicesorfashionableclothes,thusdecresingtheirlivingcosttoalargeextent.Asaresult,theycanleadarelativelyhigh-qualitylifewithouthighwage.Also,olderpeopleareusuallythosewhohavegotmarriedorevenhavechildren,sospendingmoretimeaccompanyingtheirfamilymembersisofgreatsignificance.Undoubtedly,thejobwithnormalworktimecanbettersatisfytheneedofstayinglongerwiththeirkidsorspouse.Duringthestay,theemotionalbondbetweenthemwillbecomecloserandmoreintimate.托福写作题型构造分类介绍