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1、托福写作考试题型介绍 托福写作考试题一共分为综合写作试题部分和独立写作试题部分，下面我就为同学们介绍托福写作考试题型，大家可以依据这两大题型的特点进行备考。希望对大家的备考有所帮助。 托福写作考试题型介绍 新托福考试的写作部分两大题 包括两道试题，分别是综合写作试题部分和独立写作试题部分，两个部分需在大约50分钟的时间内完成。 综合写作试题部分：考生须要首先阅读一篇学术文章，阅读的时间是3分钟左右。然后文章隐去，这时考生须要听一段大约为1分半钟的演讲。但是考生在写作文时可以看到在放听力材料时隐去的阅读材料。考生在阅读和听录音的过程中可以做笔记来帮助答题。考生有20分钟的时间来总结听力材料中的要
2、点，并说明这些要点与阅读材料中的要点有何关系。作文内容是依据考试所提出的问题而定的，不能由考生自由发挥。，须要考生依据自己的学问和阅历陈述、说明并支持对待某一问题的某个看法。通常有效的回答应是一篇300个单词左右的作文。 独立写作试题部分：考生需30分钟的时间完成这一部分写作，与现行机考托福的写作考试或笔试托福写作考试(TWE)类似，须要考生依据自己的学问和阅历陈述、说明并支持对某一问题的看法。通常有效的回答应是一篇超过300个单词的作文。考生可以自由选择材料、形式和观点等，不受题目的严格限制。本试题属于主观性题目。 托福备考之综合写作高分攻略 首先，大家要了解考试的要求。托福考试的写作部分分
3、为综合(Integrated writing)和独立(Independentwriting)两块，这两块分别独立评分，取平均值后得到最终的分数。也就是说，这两个部分各占一半权重，因此应赐予相同程度的重视。有些同学在打算输出端考试(写作或者口语)的时候，尽然连评分细则都不看，仅凭自己的主观臆测和对于老师讲解的依稀记忆去打造自己的文章，考不好真的不惊奇。下面，我们就来分析一下托福考试的评分细则。 托福综合写作的满分要求是： A response at this level successfully selects the important informationfrom the lecture
4、and coherently and accurately presents this information inrelation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response iswell organized and occasional language errors that are present do not result ininaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections. 大家会发觉，这里面的关键词是informa
5、tion和organization，也就是信息量和逻辑，至于语言，并没有提出太多的要求，用词和造句"秋裤"一些没有关系。因此，只要听力和阅读的笔记记得较全，并且能够把听力中的观点和细微环节表达清晰就可以。须要留意的是，这部分对词数和时间都是有要求的，正式的规定是150-225词，我的建议是180-260词，时限是20分钟。关于summary的结构，肯定是四段-introduction+3对detail，不须要conclusion。总体来说，这部分得高分的肯定是把听力写得很清晰的同学，事实上听力才是考察的重点，阅读是用来帮助对听力进行理解的，同学们在写听力内容的时候切不行有&
6、quot;这个也要写啊，没必要吧"的想法。另外，阅读的内容在写summary的时候决不行照抄。 了解了综合写作的评分细则，我们可以列出同学们须要熬炼的实力列表： 1、阅读实力 2、听力和速记实力 3、肯定的改写实力 下面我们来看看应当如何复习综合写作。首先，大家要对自己的阅读和听力实力有一个相识。对自己的实力有也许相识之后，同学们肯定要留意复习方法。许多同学认为自己阅读差就是因为不相识单词，所以舍命背单词;有些同学觉得自己听力差，就花大量时间练习听写。这些方法本身都对实力提高很有好处，但是大家肯定要记住，实战才是熬炼实力的最好方式，所以还是希望大家多做全套的综合写作习题。这里举荐一个
7、复习的方法，分成4个步骤：1、首先"裸做"题目，即三分钟阅读，听一遍lecture，然后20分钟写summary。写得不好没关系，接下来须要找出阅读和听力中的硬伤，所谓硬伤就是不相识的单词、不理解的词组、没看懂的句型和也相识也理解也能看懂但是听不出来的单词、词组和句型，统统摘抄到笔记本上;2、将阅读材料中的"硬伤"细致记忆，再细细地读passage，完全读懂为止，假如没有读懂可以参看书后的翻译，接着练习记笔记，这里主要是练习笔头速度和缩写表达实力，尽量积累出定型的缩写表达以在考场上争取时间;3、将听力中的"硬伤"细致记忆，再精听lec
8、ture，假如听不清可参看听力原文，然后练习记笔记，可多遍练习，放一遍记一遍，尽量具体而不困难(信息量要大但是单词不要全拼符号不要困难);4、再次仿真练习，读passage，听lecture，再写summary，然后对书后面的sampleanswer，肯定做到不要遗漏听力中的信息。 托福独立写作的常见问题与应对技巧 托福独立写作题目相对而言比较多，经典文库中共计185个，但是每年ETS也会研发出新题，即使是在老题的基础做些许的改动，母题的数量也使得“将全部题目写一遍”这一任务变成mission impossible，而且即使做到了，也是一件投资回报率极低的行为，就算考试的时候出现了原题，估计也
9、不行能回忆全部之前写的细微环节内容。所以针对独立写作部分的备考我们要更多的总结规律，通过总结来节约备考时间。TOEFL独立写作常见FAQ整理如下： 三选一题型如何处理 许多同学不知道三选一的文章结构应当如何处理。这里其实三选一并不困难，只须要熟记两个留意点就可以轻松应付：一是三者都要提及;二是并没有唯一的正确结构，结构应当依据题目敏捷的选择。我们来看一道例题。 Essay Topic Which one isthe most important for teacher of high school? 1. The ability to help students plan for their
10、future; 2. The ability to find the students who need help most and help them; 3. Teach students how to learn outside the classroom. 就这道题来讲，题型基本结构的选择有两种：三项实力都重要，但是第一项最重要;或者，第一项是重要的，而其次项和第三项是不重要的。其他的文章结构都是这两种的变体。我们拿其次种结构举例： 总论点：规划将来实力最重要(vs. 发觉须要帮助的同学 &教会自学) 主体段1：学生最须要规划，而只有老师有实力供应 主体段2：发觉须要帮助的实力不
11、重要，因为学生自己会来找 主体段3：课外自学不重要，中学生没有课外时间 The ability to help student with planning their future is definitely the most important capability for high school teachers. To begin with, high school students are in desperate need for guidance about their future, and teachers are the only competent candidate to
12、 provide it. I know this from my personal experience. When I was in high school, a great portion of my classmates only goal is to reach for the minimum requirement for graduation, and to be able to get an offer from a middle-ranged college in the US, as all 15-year-old boys are profoundly addicted t
13、o either computer games or love affairs. Because of our immature mind, we had no idea regarding the choice of universities, or the selection of a future career path. What made matters worse is that our high school teachers provided us with virtually zero guidance concerning our college applications,
14、 not because they lack of the intention, but simply because they know nothing about it. Consequently, the vast majority of our parents had to hire an outside agency that specializes in the college application process which costs tons of money. Later we realized that this is an utter mistake, for wha
15、t they did was simply giving us the timeline of the application process, translating our personal statements and recommendation letters from Chinese into English, and finally mailing out all our materials to the US. All of these simple tasks could be performed by ourselves, and these misfortunes sur
16、ely could have been avoided if we had the luck to meet more competent teachers, with the ability to warn students and their parents about the black-hearted agencies and lay out lucid plans for students future. The capability to find the students who need assistance most and help them, on the other h
17、and, is not that imperative. The reason for this is quite simple, since high school students would come to teachers voluntarily if they are in serious trouble. In other words, many times students dont want to be bothered by a teacher who treats them like a baby-sitter. As for the “help” part, I firm
18、ly hold the faith that all teachers are already equipped with the willingness to solve students problem gladly, using their prehistoric powers, no matter how difficult the situation can be. So the willingness to help students should be the minimum standard to be qualified as a teacher. Similarly, th
19、e skill to teach students how to learn outside the classroom is completely unnecessary. For one, most high school students have no time outside their classrooms at all, as all their spare time is already occupied by cram school or by extracurricular activities. Even in the rare circumstance that som
20、e students may have free time, parents could always play the part of their instructor on how to self-study. 本篇文章在结构的处理上，做到了清楚、简洁。第一个主体段在证明第一项实力是特别必要的。其次、三主体段在分别证明其次、三项实力是不重要的。整个段落结构很明确。这样会更简单获得高分。大家要留意避开结构过于困难和混乱。 如何丰富整篇文章的结构? 先说答案：另外一个大家常常会有怀疑的问题就是：我的三个主体段全部都是讲故事，似乎手法太单一了，会不会被扣分?如何丰富?答案是：有可能;以及，间或的
21、运用纯说明型段落。众所周知，TOEFL写作中绽开手法有两种，exemplification和explanation。例证明显是二者中更简洁的一个。因此，大部分同学都更倾向于运用例证。因为它更简单快速上手，并且大家可以通过举例来绽开详细化的细微环节，从而获得高分。但留意，假如三个主体段全部是讲故事绽开，未免会有语言太差的嫌疑。因此，除了例证，我们文章中最好可以略微涉及到一些说理部分。 举例和说理分别的优势? 大家现在可以重新视察一下范文三个主体段的绽开手法。三个主体段一共444字。其中第一段259字，其次段116字，第三段69字。第一段的绽开手法为例证(讲故事)，其次、三段均为说明。大家明显感受
22、到例证的优势即为能够更轻松的绽开出有效并详细化的细微环节，或俗称“好凑字”。说明的好处为语言简练，表达效率高，文章的递进性、节奏会更紧凑。 举例和说理分别的劣势? 例证在TOEFL写作中并无太明显的劣势。说明的劣势就比较明显了。同样的一个分论点，有的同学用例证可以很轻松写到200字，而说明只能说到100字。有的同学可能有个刻板印象：讲故事的语言通常比较简洁，句式单一，因此不简单得高分。留意，讲故事语言和句式也是可以困难的;或者大家可以选择简洁但地道的表达，可同样可以获得满分。 答题战略、以及举例和说理的优劣小结 因此我们以后考场上的答题战略很简洁。第一段为例证段落。目的为用劲凑字，尽量干脆写满
23、200字。其次、三段可以选择简短的小故事或者说明性段落，分别写到60100字左右。这样主体段已经达到至少320字，再加上开头结尾段，可以轻松满意350字的字数要求。 如何练好说理? 说理对语言和句式的要求要明显高于例证。因此肯定要有扎实的基本功的支持才能够写出美丽的说理段落。关于句式的练法，可以参考强化班上的句型基本构成以及句型转化练习。 如何练好例证? 例证的套路大家都很熟识。许多同学的问题出在没思路上。比如，一道题目问说：我们的闲钱应当拿去旅游好，还是存到银行好?有同学说，存起来更好，因为可以有备无患。这是一个很好的分论点，那么如何以例证的方式来绽开呢?有同学说可以运用反证法：我有一个挚友
24、Foosen，他就不存钱，后来他就死的很惨。用此例来强调存钱的必要性。大部分同学都能够想到这一步，问题会处在如何用故事来绽开死的很惨，以及什么事情导致Foosen死的很惨。我们来看一篇来自万炜老师的范文： To begin with, as a young man living in a big city, I need to start saving up from now on, because there are a lot of things in the future costing tons of money. Take my good friend Foosen for exam
25、ple. He is an optimistic guy who prefers to seize the day. He can spend all his salary within just two days either on luxuries or on trips. Before he was even 22, he already went around the whole Africa. Unfortunately, not everything goes according to plan. Last year during his trip to South Africa,
26、 he accidentally broke his leg and had to go through surgery. However, since he could not cover the expense, he had to call everybody to borrow money. It took so long for him to collect the money that the surgery was delayed. As a result, the recovery period for him was 2 months longer than everyone
27、 elses. Now, this example might be a particular instance, and it is out of his expectation. Nonetheless, in todayssociety, even the potential spending within our expectation is already quite worrying. For instance, in Beijing, if I wish to purchase a 30-squaremeter apartment, it would cost me over 3
28、 million yuan; if I want to invite, say, 20 friends to my wedding, I would have to pay over 200,000 yuan; not to mention if I have a child and want to support his education, it would cost at least 50,000 yuan per year just for him to go to kindergarten. It aches mejust to look at these horrifying nu
29、mbers. If I dont save up for my future, there would be no future. (275 words) 故事描述了主子公Foosen，由于是乐天派并且坚持活在当下，进而绽开月光、全世界各地旅游;到之后有一次意外摔断腿，须要做手术，但没有存钱，从而导致复原期比一般人长了两个月。大部分的同学就是这些故事的“细微环节”想不到，或者没思路。如何解决?很简洁，就是多看。因为讲故事并没有一个明显的模式或公式可以运用。According to a Personalized Education: Schooling for Tomorrow publishe
30、d by OECD in 2006, “Brains have the ability to generate rulesfrom examples. All that is needed, therefore, are the right examples lotsand lots of them.”其实就是我们中学老师总的说的那句话，“量的积累产生质的飞跃。”大家想练好例证，只须要找到优秀的讲故事型范文，仿写10篇左右，自然会驾驭规律。关于仿写的方法，大家可以关注我的公众号”Foosen资料库”进一步了解。 托福备考之独立写作题目练习 同不同意：Some people think that
31、 最重要的品质 in choosing the leader of a school organization or club is 诚恳. Leaders of all kinds should have lots of qualities in order to thrive together with the team. Persistence, passion, confidence and personal charisma, to name a few. When it comes to question of whether honesty is the most importa
32、nt qualities of all for a leader in a student organization, I, personally, would say honesty is definitely not the most important even though it is a contributing factor for a qualified leader and there are other qualities that are more urgent than being honest. First off, being a good listener and
33、able to communicate well with fellow members can be more important than being honest. Only when a leader sits down and listens patiently to problems and concerns of his or her members, can he or she become an effective leader in a student organization. Also, being an effective communicator can also
34、be equally important since it is essential to convey emotions and ideas clearly to others, and when the leader get his or her ideas across to the fellow members, it enjoys a better chance to be implemented. A leader with exceptional communication skills is very confidence and personable when they ar
35、e interacting with others. Since they can grab the listeners' attention, it is very easy for them to build rapport with strangers and thus they enjoy better chance to broaden their social networks. Additionally, it is more essential for leaders of student organizations to be compassionate about
36、the community and set exemplars for their fellow members than just being honest. Actually, lots responsibilities of student leaders involve various volunteer programs and philanthropic activities, if leaders of students body are not committed to getting involved in charitable activities, there will
37、be a lack of energy level and passion among his or her fellow members. To be more specific, students organizations involved in lots of volunteer activities, like collecting food, managing the inventory and distributing food to those in need. They also volunteer in homeless shelters to prepare food o
38、r even work behind the scene in the business office. If leaders are motivated to take the initiative and contribute their time and other resources to the community in the first place, chances are that his or her members would follow suit. In all, students leaders should have more important qualities
39、 other than being honest like excellent communication skills, compassion about their community and dedication to their endeavors. 托福写作考试题型介绍本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第18页 共18页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页第 18 页 共 18 页