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1、官方真题Official4托福浏览Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析(原TPO)官方真题Official4托福浏览Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析(原TPO)如今大家在进行托福备考时官方真题Official托福模考软件相信是大家用的最多的工具了，对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。托福听力能够讲是整个托福考试当中比拟重要的一个部分，怎样利用现有资料官方真题Official模考软件来提升大家的托福成绩呢?今天我在这里整理了官方真题Official4托福浏览Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析来共享给大家，希望对大家托福听力备考有帮助。官方真题Official4托福浏览Passag
2、e1原文文本DeerPopulationsofthePugetSoundTwospeciesofdeerhavebeenprevalentinthePugetSoundareaofWashingtonStateinthePacificNorthwestoftheUnitedStates.Theblack-taileddeer,alowland,west-sidecousinofthemuledeerofeasternWashington,isnowthemostcommon.Theotherspecies,theColumbianwhite-taileddeer,inearliertimesw
3、ascommonintheopenprairiecountry;itisnowrestrictedtothelow,marshyislandsandfloodplainsalongthelowerColumbiaRiver.Nearlyanykindofplantoftheforestunderstorycanbepartofadeersdiet.Wheretheforestinhibitsthegrowthofgrassandothermeadowplants,theblack-taileddeerbrowsesonhuckleberry,salal,dogwood,andalmostany
4、othershruborherb.Butthisisfair-weatherfeeding.Whatkeepstheblack-taileddeeraliveintheharsherseasonsofplantdecayanddormancy?Onecompensationfornothibernatingisthebuilt-inurgetomigrate.Deermaymovefromhigh-elevationbrowseareasinsummerdowntothelowlandareasinlatefall.Evenwithsnowontheground,thehighbushyund
5、erstoryisexposed;alsosnowandwindbringdownleafybranchesofcedar,hemlock,redalder,andotherarborealfodder.ThenumbersofdeerhavefluctuatedmarkedlysincetheentryofEuropeansintoPugetSoundcountry.Theearlyexplorersandsettlerstoldofabundantdeerintheearly1800sandyetalmostinthesamebreathbemoanedthelackofthissuccu
6、lentgameanimal.FamousexplorersofthenorthAmericanfrontier,LewisandClarkarrivedatthemouthoftheColumbiaRiveronNovember14,1805,innearlystarvedcircumstances.TheyhadexperiencedgreatdifficultyfindinggamewestoftheRockiesandnotuntilthesecondofDecemberdidtheykilltheirfirstelk.Tokeep40peoplealivethatwinter,the
7、yconsumedapproximately150elkand20deer.Andwhengamemovedoutofthelowlandsinearlyspring,theexpeditiondecidedtoreturneastratherthanfacepossiblestarvation.Lateronintheearlyyearsofthenineteenthcentury,whenFortVancouverbecametheheadquartersoftheHudsonsBayCompany,deerpopulationscontinuedtofluctuate.DavidDoug
8、las,Scottishbotanicalexplorerofthe1830s,foundadisturbingchangeintheanimallifearoundthefortduringtheperiodbetweenhisfirstvisitin1825andhisfinalcontactwiththefortin1832.ArecentDouglasbiographerstates:Thedeerwhichoncepicturesquelydottedthemeadowsaroundthefortweregonein1832,huntedtoexterminationinordert
9、oprotectthecrops.Reductioninnumbersofgameshouldhavebodedillfortheirsurvivalinlatertimes.Aworseningoftheplightofdeerwastobeexpectedassettlersencroachedontheland,logging,burning,andclearing,eventuallyreplacingawildernesslandscapewithroads,cities,towns,andfactories.Nodoubtthenumbersofdeerdeclinedstillf
10、urther.RecallthefateoftheColumbianwhite-taileddeer,nowinaprotectedstatus.Butfortheblack-taileddeer,humanpressurehashadjusttheoppositeeffect.WildlifezoologistHelmutBuechner(1953),inreviewingthenatureofbioticchangesinWashingtonthroughrecordedtime,saysthatsincetheearly1940s,thestatehashadmoredeerthanat
11、anyothertimeinitshistory,thewinterpopulationfluctuatingaroundapproximately320,000deer(muleandblack-taileddeer),whichwillyieldabout65,000ofeithersexandanyageannuallyforanindefiniteperiod.Thecausesofthispopulationreboundareconsequencesofotherhumanactions.First,themajorpredatorsofdeerwolves,cougar,andl
12、ynxhavebeengreatlyreducedinnumbers.Second,conservationhasbeeninsuredbylimitingtimesforandtypesofhunting.Butthemostprofoundreasonfortherestorationofhighpopulationnumbershasbeenthefateoftheforests.Greattractsoflowlandcountrydeforestedbylogging,fire,orbothhavebecomeidealfeedinggroundsofdeer.Inadditiont
13、ofindinganincreaseofsuitablebrowse,likehuckleberryandvinemaple,ArthurEinarsen,longtimegamebiologistinthePacificNorthwest,foundqualityofbrowseintheopenareastobesubstantiallymorenutritive.Theproteincontentofshade-grownvegetation,forexample,wasmuchlowerthanthatforplantsgrowninclearings.官方真题Official4托福浏
14、览Passage1题目Question1of14Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingistrueofthewhite-taileddeerofPugetSound?A.Itisnativetolowlandsandmarshes.B.ItismorecloselyrelatedtothemuledeerofeasternWashingtonthantoothertypesofdeer.C.Ithasreplacedtheblack-taileddeerintheopenprairie.D.Itnolongerlivesinaparticularty
15、peofhabitatthatitonceoccupied.Question2of14Itcanbeinferredfromthediscussioninparagraph2thatwinterconditionsA.causesomedeertohibernateB.makefoodunavailableinthehighlandsfordeerC.makeiteasierfordeertolocateunderstoryplantsD.preventdeerfrommigratingduringthewinterQuestion3of14Thewordinhibitsinthepassag
16、eisclosestinmeaningtoA.consistsofB.combinesC.restrictsD.establishesQuestion4of14ThephraseinthesamebreathinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.impatientlyB.humorouslyC.continuouslyD.immediatelyQuestion5of14TheauthortellsthestoryoftheexplorersLewisandClarkinparagraph3inordertoillustratewhichofthefollowing
17、points?A.ThenumberofdeerwithinthePugetSoundregionhasvariedovertime.B.MostoftheexplorerswhocametothePugetSoundareawereprimarilyinterestedinhuntinggame.C.TherewasmoregameforhuntingintheEastoftheUnitedStatesthanintheWest.D.Individualexplorerswerenotassuccessfulatlocatinggamesaswerethetradingcompanies.Q
18、uestion6of14Accordingtoparagraph3,howhadFortVancouverchangedbythetimeDavidDouglasreturnedin1832?A.TheforthadbecometheheadquartersfortheHudsonsBayCompany.B.Deerhadbegunpopulatingthemeadowsaroundthefort.C.Deerpopulationsneartheforthadbeendestroyed.D.Cropyieldsintheareaaroundtheforthaddecreased.Questio
19、n7of14Whydoestheauthoraskreaderstorecall“thefateoftheColumbianwhite-taileddeerinthediscussionofchangesinthewildernesslandscape?A.ToprovidesupportfortheideathathabitatdestructionwouldleadtopopulationdeclineB.TocomparehowtwospeciesofdeercausedbioticchangesinthewildernessenvironmentC.Toprovideanexample
20、ofaspeciesofdeerthathassuccessfullyadaptedtohumansettlementD.ToarguethatsomedeerspeciesmustbegivenaprotectedstatusQuestion8of14Thephrase“indefiniteperiodinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoperiodA.whoseendhasnotbeendeterminedB.thatdoesnotbeginwhenexpectedC.thatlastsonlybrieflyD.whoseimportanceremainsunk
21、nownQuestion9of14Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdeerpopulationsissupportedbytheinformationinparagraph4?A.Deerpopulationsreachedtheirhighestpointduringthe1940sandthenbegantodecline.B.Theactivitiesofsettlerscontributedinunexpectedwaystothegrowthofsomedeerpopulationsinlatertimes.C.Thecleaningofwilde
22、rnesslandforconstructioncausedbioticchangesfromwhichtheblack-taileddeerpopulationhasneverrecovered.D.Sincethe1940sthewinterpopulationsofdeerhavefluctuatedmorethanthesummerpopulationshave.Question10of14Theword“reboundinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.declineB.recoveryC.exchangeD.movementQuestion11of1
23、4Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.A.ArthurEinarsenslongtimefamilywiththePacificNorthwesthelpedhimdiscoverareaswheredeerhadanincreaseinsuitablebrowse.B.ArthurE
24、inarsenfoundthatdeforestedfeedinggroundsprovideddeerwithmoreandbetterfood.C.BiologistlikeEinarsenbelieveitisimportanttofindadditionalopenareaswithsuitablebrowsefordeertoinhabit.D.AccordingtoEinarsen,huckleberryandvinemapleareexamplesofvegetationthatmaysomedayimprovethenutritionofdeerintheopenareasof
25、thePacificNorthwest.Question12of14WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinparagraph5asafactorthathasincreaseddeerpopulations?A.AreductioninthenumberofpredatorsB.RestrictionsonhuntingC.TheeffectsofloggingandfireD.LawsthatprotectedfeedinggroundsofdeerQuestion13of14Lookatthefoursquaresthatindicatewherethefo
26、llowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?Therefoodisavailableandaccessiblethroughoutthewinter.Question14of14Directions:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage
27、.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatnotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.DeerinthePugetSoundareaeatawidevarietyoffoodsandmigrateseasonallytofindfood.A.ThebalanceofdeerspeciesinthePugetSoundregionhaschangedovertime,withtheColumbian
28、white-taileddeernowoutnumberingothertypesofdeer.B.Deerpopulationsnaturallyfluctuate,butearlysettlersinthePugetSoundenvironmentcausedanoveralldeclineinthedeerpopulationsoftheareasatthattime.C.Inthelongterm,black-taileddeerinthePugetSoundareahavebenefittedfromhumanactivitiesthroughtheeliminationofthei
29、rnaturalpredators,andmoreandbetterfoodindeforestedareas.D.BecausePugetSounddeermigrate,itwasandstillremainsdifficulttodetermineaccuratelyhowmanydeerarelivingatanyonetimeinthewesternUnitedStates.E.AlthoughitwasbelievedthathumansettlementoftheAmericanWestwouldcausethetotalnumberofdeertodecreasepermane
30、ntly,theoppositehasoccurredforcertaintypesofdeer.F.Wildlifebiologistshavelongbeenconcernedthatthelossofforestsmaycreatenutritionaldeficienciesfordeer.官方真题Official4托福浏览Passage1解析Question1of14正确答案：D题目解析：以White-taileddeer做关键词定位至最后一句：Theotherspecies,theColumbianwhite-taileddeer,inearliertimeswascommonin
31、theopenprairiecountry;itisnowrestrictedtothelow,marshyislandsandfloodplainsalongthelowerColumbiaRiver.讲白尾鹿过去是什么什么地方的，如今是什么什么地方的，也就是它们的生活环境发生了变化，所以D不再在原来的地方生活正确。A讲反，white-taileddeer如今生活在lowlands和marshes，而不是A讲的来源于;B的比拟关系原文无提及;C的replace没有提及。Question2of14正确答案：B题目解析：段落倒数第二句“Deermaymovefromhigh-elevationb
32、rowseareasinsummerdowntothelowlandareasinlatefall.意思是：深秋时，鹿可能会从夏天高海拔吃草地区迁移到低地地区。深秋也就是快到冬天了，由于高地食物不够了，所以才去低地。对应B选项。很多同学会错选C，这部分同学应该是定位到了最后一句话：Evenwithsnowontheground,thehighbushyunderstoryisexposed;alsosnowandwindbringdownleafybranchesofcedar,hemlock,redalder,andotherarborealfodder.讲即便有雪覆盖地面，高的unders
33、tory会暴露(understory指的是林下植被)，而且还讲风会leafybranches吹下来。C固然提到了understory，但是easier讲法和原文不符，原文讲的是高的understroy在会曝露出来，有一定局限性，也没体现出比起以前更简单。A在原文物体及;D讲冬天迁徙与上文的latefall冲突，也错。Question3of14正确答案：C题目解析：inhibit:阻止，阻拦。A是组成;B是结合;C是限制，约束;D是建立。根据词意，C正确。对应原文：Wheretheforestinhibitsthegrowthofgrassandothermeadowplants,theblac
34、k-taileddeerbrowsesonhuckleberry,salal,dogwood,andalmostanyothershruborherb.后半句讲鹿吃别的东西去了，讲明没有这种草，也就是这种草没长起来，之前讲森林怎么样了这种草的生长，当然是阻止，A组成B结合意思差不多，都不对。D建立完全不靠谱。Question4of14正确答案：D题目解析：inthesamebreath从外表意思上讲就是在同一个呼吸的时候，其实能够猜出文中的意思应该是同时或者立即之意，所以D的immediately对。A是没有耐心的;B是诙谐的;C是连续不断地;D是立即地。对应原文：Theearlyexplor
35、ersandsettlerstoldofabundantdeerintheearly1800sandyetalmostinthesamebreathbemoanedthelackofthissucculentgameanimal.带回原文，讲那些人知道1800年代有很多鹿，但怎么样他们又由于没有鹿而难过，A没耐心B不诙谐都不靠谱，C持续不能表达当时人们失望的心情，而且原文也没有信息讲持续难过，不对。Question5of14正确答案：A题目解析：功能目的题，往前看，这两个人明显是早期探险家的一个例子，读前句讲他们知道本来有很多鹿的但又没找到，很显然这句话缺乏以作为一个观点，往前看本段中心句：T
36、henumbersofdeerhavefluctuatedmarkedlysincetheentryofEuropeansintoPugetSoundcountry.本段中心句讲鹿的数量变化很大，对应A选项的varied，所以A正确。BCD都没有提及。Question6of14正确答案：C题目解析：以人名和时间做关键词定位至最后一句：ArecentDouglasbiographerstates:Thedeerwhichoncepicturesquelydottedthemeadowsaroundthefortweregonein1832,huntedtoexterminationinorder
37、toprotectthecrops.讲那些鹿gone了，还有被hunt了，所以应该是没有鹿了，B讲反，C对;作者只是讲把鹿打死为了保护农作物，没讲农作物的产量上升，D不对;A没讲。Question7of14正确答案：A题目解析：功能目的题，往前看，前句讲thenumbersofdeerdeclinedstillfurther，鹿的数量进一步下降，然后才让读者recall哥伦比亚白尾鹿的例子，也就是讲白尾鹿就是人类毁坏生存环境导致鹿群数量下降的一个证实，所以答案A正确。Question8of14正确答案：A题目解析：Aindefinite:不定的。indefiniteperiod:没有限制的时间
38、段。B没有如期开场，C非常短，D不重要都和不定没关系，不靠谱，A答案讲这段时间的末端还没定下来，含有不定的意思，正确。Question9of14正确答案：B题目解析：B问整个第四段，看首句，而且首句讲reductioninnumbers，与问题中的deerpopulation重合，讲鹿数量的下降预示它们的生存变得困难，但看选项发现没有与之重合的选项，于是能够继续往下看，下面就讲到有的鹿群完蛋了，但同时也有的鹿群繁盛了，诸多答案中只要B讲到鹿的数量增加，所以答案是B。当然可以以排除法，A选项关于1940s原文讲early1940s，跟答案讲的1940s不一样，错;C讲黑尾鹿没有了，恰好和原文黑尾
39、鹿数量增加相反，错;原文没有冬夏比照，D错。Question10of14正确答案：B题目解析：Brebound:反弹。A是下降;B是恢复;C是交换;D是移动。根据词意，正确答案就是B。Question11of14正确答案：B题目解析：B:inaddition那部分和后面like举的那两个例子，都是非常次要的信息，能够忽略不看。主干部分缩略一下，去掉一些修饰成分后就变成：AE发现了browseinopenareas愈加有营养。longtime那里是对这个人的一个修饰(同位语成分)。B选项将主要内容复述了出来。A错在随意篡改语句的注意，原句根本没提到这个人的family;C错在biologistl
40、ikeE，这改变了原文的主语，而且itisimportant原句没有讲;D把原文的非主干部分提升成改写之后句子的主干，构造改变，而且遗漏了主干内容，错。Question12of14正确答案：D题目解析：D，排除法，原文第一句就讲这段主要就在讲鹿群数量增加的原因，然后分别用first，second和butthemost表明了三个原因，分别对应选项A/B/C选项，所以D是没讲的，选D。Question13of14正确答案：B题目解析：B有三个点，一是副词there指一个地点，所以在正确插入点之前必须存在一个地点，按这个来看，只要B和D有可能;第二和第三个点是待插入句当中的两个名词food和wint
41、er，根据上下句有名词重叠的原则，B对D错。Question14of14正确答案：BCE题目解析：Thebalance选项前半句是对的，但后半句与第一段的最后两句讲反，应该是黑多，错Deerpopulations选项对应原文第三段首句和第四段第二三句，正确。inthelongterm选项对应原文第五段首句，第二句和第四句，正确。because选项太细节，不选。although选项对应原文第四段首句和第五句，正确。wildlife选项原文没有提及，错。托福浏览通读有用么在（孙子兵法）上有一句话总是被世人朗朗上口的传颂着：知己知彼，百战不殆。那么就我们学术来讲就是要在任何问题上抱着知其然，知其所以
42、然的态度。所以，首先，我们要明白出题人(ETS)的出题意图。一、考试界面的设置。参加过考试的或是用模考软件做过练习的“托儿们都明晰的记得：当一篇托福浏览文章问题出现的之前，一定是先以整篇文章的形式出现的，左边并没有显示题目，只要将文章右边的滚动轴拉至最低端，界面才会自动转换为我们做题的界面，即左边是问题，右边是对应的文章。那么，我们就分析一下为什么ETS有这样的设置?ETS有什么样的意图?ETS想让考生怎么做?这样的设置显而易见ETS是希望考生们能够在做题前将文章大致整体看一遍。就ETS出题的严谨性和科学性而言，这样的设置毋庸置疑是帮助考生提高其做题的速度和正确率的。我们已经分析完出题人的意图
43、，那么接下来就是要解答界面设置导致的整体浏览有哪些好处，怎样帮助考生们答题，怎样提高做题速度和正确率的。二、整体浏览对summaryquestions的帮助对于浏览速度不高，英语水平中等或中等下面的“托儿们普遍反映的一个问题就是：没有时间做最后的summaryquestions，或是做summaryquestions的时候不知道到哪里找答案或是正确率低。我们先来分析一下summaryquestions，大家都知道这个题型出如今浏览文章的最后一道题，而且是对全文观点的总结。那么，既然是对于全篇文章观点的总结，那么它考察的内容是文章的分论点，即一段或是几段的主要内容。假如是时间不够，考生要直接选，
44、很容易选错，为什么?由于前面的12道题考察的基本上是文章的细节内容。我们都知道细节信息是summaryquestions的禁忌;所以，凭做题印象直接解题，那么就受前面解题思路的影响，很容易被误导。但假如这时你在做题之前对整篇文章有了一个整体的浏览，并在演草纸上做了大致的笔记，那么summaryquestions就能够轻而易举的攻破。为什么?怎么做?首先，整体浏览不是逐字逐句，是scan文章，了解文章框架。其次，在演草纸上简单快速的写下文章的主论点，若干个分论点(一段或是几段的主要内容)，即大纲。(没必要是完好的句子，能够参照听力记笔记的方法，符合，中英文结合的方法。)这样，整体浏览的步骤结束后，在演草纸上就能出来一片文章的框架，并且这个框架大纲能够在最短时间能基本解决summaryquestions中80%。而且能够帮助考生轻松排除summaryquestions中的错误选项。综上所述，做题前的整体浏览是极其必要的。并希望这篇文章对大家解决托福浏览问题上有所帮助。官方真题Official4托福浏览Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析(原TPO)