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1、核心素养测评九 Unit 3Back to the past. 阅读理解AFor its outsize reputation, Silicon Valley is a narrow thing. Americas innovation (创新) capital mainly consists of many small towns and cities on the San Francisco Peninsula (半岛) squeezed between the coastal mountain range to the west and the bay to the east. It i
2、s traditionally made up of the top of Santa Clara County as well as the very bottom of San Mateo County. Not long ago, this place was known as the Valley of Hearts Delight, famous for its plentiful fruit yards. The circumstances that turned the countryside into a technological center have been studi
3、ed carefully, and many have attempted to replicate the magic in Silicon Valley. But for the past two decades, photographer Beth Yarnelle Edwards has been documenting the one aspect often unnoticed by these observers: Silicon Valleys fundamentally suburban (郊区的) character. Edwards Suburban Dreams pro
4、ject was born in 1997. “I felt lonely and trapped, but I realized that the people around me really loved being there, she recalled. She began by photographing friends and acquaintances near her home in San Carlos. The project grew as she interviewed her subjects to understand how their environment s
5、haped their hopes and dreams. “Its really important to me that the pictures are true to what is happening in the home, she says. In 2022, Edwards began revisiting her subjects to see the effects of the economic growth and the wealth. But she was surprised by how little had changed in the lives of th
6、ose still there. Many Silicon Valley natives do not recognize much of what they see there nowadays. Its true that modest bungalows (平房) have been replaced by very large houses. Almost everything is more crowded and more expensive. But a lot will never change. The main roadsHighway 101, El Camino Rea
7、lare the same. So are the freestanding oak trees and gentle hills surrounded by golden grass. And at the heart of them all, as Edwards photos illustrate, the suburban dream is still alive. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。硅谷是由美国旧金山附近的郊区乡镇开展而成的, 虽然经济富裕, 高楼大厦取代了平房, 但是从爱德华兹所拍摄的硅谷人民生活变化的照片可以看出, 经济的开展对许多人的生活并没有产生很大的影响。人
8、们仍旧保存着“郊区之梦。1. Where is Silicon Valley? A. In the center of San Francisco. B. On the San Francisco Peninsula. C. On the top of Santa Clara County. D. At the bottom of San Mateo County. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Americas innovation capital mainly consists of many small towns and cities on the San Francis
9、co Peninsula squeezed between the coastal mountain range to the west and the bay to the east. 可知, 硅谷位于美国旧金山半岛处, 夹在位于西方的沿海山脉和位于东方的海湾之间, 故B项正确。2. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “replicate in Paragraph 2? A. Copy. B. Replace. C. Study. D. Report. 【解析】选A。词义猜想题。根据第二段第二句“The circ
10、umstances that turned the countryside into a technological center have been studied carefully, and many have attempted to replicate the magic in Silicon Valley. 可知, 将农村变成科技中心的环境已经被仔细研究过; 由该句中的“have been studied carefully并结合语境可知, 画线词意为“复制, 即复制硅谷的魔力, 故A项正确。3. What did the project focus on later? A. Pe
11、oples hopes and dreams. B. The wish of the acquaintances. C. The true life of the local people. D. Silicon Valleys influences on the locals. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“In 2022, Edwards began revisiting her subjects to see the effects of the economic growth and the wealth. But she was surprised by how li
12、ttle had changed in the lives of those still there. 可知, 在2022年, 爱德华兹开始再次拜访她的研究对象, 看看经济增长和财富带来的影响; 但令她惊讶的是, 那些仍在那里的人的生活变化甚微。据此可知, 该工程后来关注的是硅谷对当地人生活的影响, 故D项正确。4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Crazy Changes, Crazy FollowersB. Wild Dream, Successful ProjectC. Lively City, Major Innovatio
13、nD. Unchanging Life, Unchanging Dream【解析】选D。标题判断题。根据尾段第四句“But a lot will never change. 和最后一句“And at the heart of them all, as Edwards photos illustrate, the suburban dream is still alive. , 并结合全文内容可知, 本文主要讲述了“虽然硅谷在经济上取得了巨大的成功, 但是人们的生活并没有由此发生太大的变化, 人们的郊区之梦也没有改变这一主题, 故D项最适合作本文的标题。【知识拓展】长难句分析Its really
14、 important to me that the pictures are true to what is happening in the home. 分析: 本句是it 为形式主语, that引导的从句为主语从句, 主语从句中to后跟宾语从句, 连词what在该宾语从句中作主语。翻译: 这对我来说真的很重要, 这些照片是真实的发生在家里的。BHave you ever wondered when dogs first became “mans best friend and the worlds favourite pet? If you have, then youre not alo
15、ne. When and where dogs first began living side by side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated by humans. They came into human li
16、ves some 15, 000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture. Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs and not wolves date from 14, 000 years ago. However, 30, 000-year-old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves a
17、nd some scientists think could be dogs. With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to compare t
18、hem with those of wolves. Its even possible to analyze DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30, 000-year-old skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not Americ
19、an ones. Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that
20、 dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa. But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way
21、 of life still shared by three quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现, 狗是从狼驯养而来的, 早在一万五千年之前狗就进入了人类的生活。科学家通过分析古代狗的DNA验证了狗最初生活的地方, 并分析了狗最初被驯养的原因。5. Which is the only statement generally agreed on by scientists studying dogs? A. Dogs originally were used as farm animals. B. D
22、ogs evolved from wolves found in Europe. C. Dogs helped the development of agriculture. D. Dogs were the first animal to be kept as pets. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“that have stirred hot debate among scientists, 再结合第一段倒数第二句可知, 狗是第一种被人类驯养的动物, 科学家们对此达成了普遍共识, 故D项正确。6. Why does the writer first mention the
23、 30, 000-year-old animals skulls? A. To show that dogs were much larger in the past. B. To prove that dogs developed from Asian wolves. C. To suggest that dogs may have evolved much earlier. D. To argue that dogs were first kept in France and Belgium. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“However, 30, 000-year-old
24、skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves and some scientists think could be dogs. 可知, 在法国和比利时已经发现了3万年前的头骨, 它们不完全是狼的, 科学家认为有一些可能是狗的。据此可推知, 该处提及三万年前的动物头骨旨在说明狗的进化历史更早, 故C项正确。7. How did scientists determine the origins of the ancient dogs found in Alaska? A. By analyzin
25、g the age of their bones. B. By examining the animals DNA. C. By studying the shape of their skulls. D. By comparing them with modern dogs. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones. 可
26、知, 科学家是通过检测DNA的方法来判断在阿拉斯加发现的古代狗的起源的, 故B项正确。8. Why did dogs start living with humans? A. Because they were attracted by food. B. Because they were trapped by humans. C. Because they couldnt survive in the wild. D. Because they were trained to protect villages. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据尾段第二句“The most recent the
27、ory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. 可知, 最近的一种说法是, 狗是自己驯养自己的, 最初生活在我们古老的村庄里或周围, 吃人们扔掉的食物。据此可推知, 狗和人类生活在一起的原因是它们被食物所吸引, 故A项正确。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. side by side 肩并肩的2. domesticate v. 驯养3. evolve v. 进化4. originatev. 起源, 发生. 阅读
28、填句How to Choose a DogDogs have always been considered as the most popular pet animals and loyal friends of humans. Owning a dog can be a really great experience for the owner as well as his family members. 1 It is a very important decision, and it has to be made after thinking over and over. To choo
29、se a right dog, you have to consider various aspects of factors. Size is one of the most important factors for dog selection. 2 But they have to be handled very carefully as most of them are fragile. However, this may not be always truesome big dogs still can be kept in small space. Though puppies (
30、幼犬) are mostly preferred to adults, there are some people who go for grown-up dogs. 3 Puppies can be trained easily, while grown-up dogs may take time and sometimes resist your efforts to get them trained. Although some people like dogs with frightening appearances, cute dogs are very much in demand
31、. 4 They often ignore many other factors. Once they adopt the dog, they soon land themselves in trouble. Families with small kids must avoid adopting dogs that lose hairs. Dog hair may cause allergic reactions in children. 5 Then you should also try to get a dog that is friendly towards other animal
32、s. A. You may also talk to experts for opinions. B. This is another vital factor for you to focus on. C. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages. D. However, choosing the right one is confusing for many. E. Unfortunately, there are many who only care about looks. F. For those with space con
33、cerns, the small dog can be a good choice. G. Besides, a pet dog should be gentle in nature and best suited for kids. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了在养狗之前如何选择适合自己的狗。1. 【解析】选D。根据空格前一句“Owning a dog can be a really great experience for the owner as well as his family members. 可知, 养一条狗对主人和其家人都是一个很好的经历; 根据下文“To choo
34、se a right dog, you have to consider various aspects of factors. 可知, 选择适宜的狗得考虑很多因素。故D项“然而, 选择适宜的狗对很多人来说是困惑的和空前一句形成转折关系并且和下文相照应, 应选D项。2. 【解析】选F。根据空格前一句“Size is one of the most important factors for dog selection. 可知, 本段讲的是选择狗要考虑狗的大小。故F项“对于那些担忧空间的人来说, 小狗是个不错的选择符合语境, 应选F项。3. 【解析】选C。根据空格后一句“Puppies can
35、be trained easily, while grown-up dogs may take time and sometimes resist your efforts to get them trained. 可知, 小狗容易训练, 而成年的狗可能得花时间训练, 有时可能抗拒训练, 故C项“它们都有自己的优缺点符合语境。4. 【解析】选E。根据空格前一句“Although some people like dogs with frightening appearances, cute dogs are very much in demand. 可知, 本段讲的是狗的外表, 故E项“不幸的
36、是, 很多人只在乎狗的外表符合本段文意, 且和设空后一句“They often ignore many other factors. 相照应, 应选E项。5. 【解析】选G。根据本段首句“Families with small kids must avoid adopting dogs that lose hairs. 可知, 本段讲的是有小孩的家庭在选择狗时需要注意的事项。G项“此外, 宠物狗应该性格温顺并且最适合小孩符合语境, 应选G项。. 语法填空世纪金榜导学号阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Undoubtedly, Britain is a nation
37、 of hat wearers. From taking off hats 1. launching mortar boards (学位帽) in the air, hats have long been associated with ceremonies and practices. Even the history of the country can 2. (tell) through hats. 3. (date) back to medieval England, the flat cap became a symbol of working class culture in th
38、e 19th and 20th centuries. The Edwardian Era was 4. golden age of hats, when the decorations became even more delicate, ranging from flowers, birds to fruits. The pork pie hat, starting in the mid-19th century, was the 5. (choose) for many well-dressed Victorian citizens. Decades later it 6. (gradua
39、l) became a key feature of London street style. By the 1960s, though, hats faded out of peoples sight because of the rise of private cars. It was the Royal Wedding 7. (hold) in 2022 that contributed to the return of hat wearing. For example, Stockport Hat Works Museumthe only museum in the country f
40、eatured in hats and hat makingis 8. (popular) than ever, with a distinct increase among its visitors. 9. marks Britain out on the world stage is the large number of hats that can be called its own. The variety of hats in Britain 10. (reflect) its multicultural background and rich cultural heritage.
41、【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了英国的帽子文化及其开展史。1. 【解析】to。考查介词。根据空前的“From taking off及空后的“launching可知, 此处为固定用法from. . . to. . . “从到, 故用介词to。2. 【解析】be told。考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知, 句子主语the history of the country和tell之间是被动关系, 谓语用被动形式, 且与情态动词连用, 故填be told。3. 【解析】Dating。考查非谓语动词。date和句子谓语became之间没有连词, 故用其非谓语动词形式, 且固定词组date back
42、 to意为“追溯到, date与其逻辑主语the flat cap之间是主动关系, 故用其现在分词形式。4. 【解析】a。考查冠词。golden age意为“黄金时代, 是可数名词单数形式, 其前无限定词修饰, 此处在文中第一次提及, 且golden的发音以辅音音素开头, 故用不定冠词a修饰。5. 【解析】choice。考查词性转换。根据语境, 且其前由定冠词the修饰可知, 此处用其名词形式。6. 【解析】gradually。考查词性转换。本句中应用副词gradually修饰动词became。7. 【解析】held。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 句子主语the Royal Weddin
43、g和hold之间是被动关系, 故用其过去分词作后置定语。本句是一个强调句, 即: It is/was+被强调局部+that+句子剩余局部, 对句子主语the Royal Wedding进行强调。8. 【解析】more popular。考查形容词的比拟级。与语境中的“than照应可知, 此处用形容词比拟级, 作is的表语。9. 【解析】What。考查主语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导主语从句, 且在从句中作主语, 表示“的事物, 故用连接代词What。10. 【解析】reflects。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知, 本句描述一般事实, 应用一般现在时, 主语为单数第三人称T
44、he variety of hats, 故此处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式reflects。. 阅读理解When a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm, historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past. The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated during the se
45、venteenth century. In this way, artifacts, objects made by human beings, provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago. Underwater archaeologythe study of ships, aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of wateris really a product of the last 50 years. The rapid growt
46、h of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment. Besides the Swedish ship wreck(残骸), underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5, 000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea. Underwater archaeology can provide facts about t
47、he past. In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6, 000 years. There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of peoples way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times. Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the worlds knowledge
48、 of history, but they have to fight two enemies. One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors. Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. The second enemy is dredging machines(挖掘机)often used to repair ports. These machines destroy wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud. By teaching the public about the importance of underwater“museumsof the past, archaeolo