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1、核心素养测评五 Unit 2Wish you were here. 阅读理解AIts over 50 years since man first stepped on the moon, and were still harboring dreams of escaping life on Earth for the mysteries of space. Californian company The Gateway Foundation has released plans for the Von Braun Station, a hotel floating among the star
2、s. The aim is to get the hotel off the ground by 2025 and make it fully operational for travel by 2027. Tim Alatorre, senior design architect at the Gateway Foundation, says the spinning wheel would create a simulated(模拟的) gravity. “The station is designed to rotate, pushing the contents of the stat
3、ion out to the sides of the station, much in the way that you can spin a bucket of waterthe water pushes out into the bucket and stays in place, he tells CNN Travel. The Gateway Foundations hotel design is named after Wernher von Braun, an aerospace engineer who pioneered rocket technology, first in
4、 Germany and later in the United States. Space tourism is an expensive gameRichard Bransons Virgin Galactic plans to launch passengers into sub-orbital space at the sum of $250, 000 per person, per trip. Meanwhile, Aurora Station says a stay in its space hotel will cost an eyewatering $9. 5 million.
5、 Aurora Station aims to sleep just 12, whereas the Von Braun Station will sleep 352 people with a maximum capacity of 450. “On board, therell be warm suites with carpets and stylish monochrome touches and chic bars that wouldnt look out of place back on Earth, just with star-gazing views. There will
6、 also be plenty of fun recreational activities for guest to enjoy, says Alatorre. “But our goalthe main goal of the Gateway Foundationis to create a starship culture where people are going to space, and living in space, and working in space and they want to be in space. And we believe that theres a
7、demand for that. The Gateway Foundation also intends the space station to be used for research purposes, as well as asteroid mining. “Theres no amount of water or trash or waste that is going to be discarded, everything will be recycled, reused, stored, converted to some other form. 【文章大意】本文为说明文, 讲的
8、是美国一家基金会近日公布了太空旅馆的建设方案, 这个旅馆被设计成轮子形状, 将于2025年建成。1. What is the passage mainly about? A. A new wheel-shaped space hotel to be built. B. The most advanced space hotel in the world. C. The shape of the new space hotel. D. The cost of a space trip in the future. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知, 本文主要介绍了美国一家基金会将打造一座轮
9、子形状的太空旅馆, 应选A。2. What can we learn from the passage? A. The new space hotel will spin under the influence of gravity. B. The tourists to the space hotel will have few activities to enjoy there. C. The new space hotel is quite environmentally-friendly. D. The main aim to build the space hotel is to m
10、ake money. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话可知A项错误; 根据第六段最后一句话可知B项错误; 根据最后一段可知C项正确; 根据倒数第二段第一句话可知D项错误。应选C。3. A mans trip to the new space hotel and a stay in it will cost$ . A. 250, 000B. 9. 5 millionC. 9. 25 millionD. 9. 75 million【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第五段第一句话中的“. . . the sum of $250, 000 per person, per trip和第二句话中的
11、“. . . a stay in its space hotel will cost an eyewatering $9. 5 million可知将花费9. 75 million美元, 应选D。4. What does the underlined word“rotatein Paragraph 3 mean? A. spinB. stopC. breakD. end【解析】选A。词义猜想题。根据第三段第一句话中的“the spinning wheel would create a simulated gravity和第二句话中的“much in the way that you can sp
12、in a bucket of water可知, 画线单词与spin意思一致, 应选A。 B(2022太原模拟)In the far corner of the front yard of a large house in Florida rests an RVRecreational Vehicle (房屋式休闲旅游车) , shaded by trees as clothing on a nearby line sways in the breeze. In this RV, National Geographic explorer Thomas Culhane lives with his
13、 wife, Enas, almost entirely off the grida lifestyle without relying on electricity supply. Culhane began living off the grid in the late 1990s, when he went into the basement of his apartment building in Los Angeles and pulled the plug that delivered electricity. Even earlier though, he was first i
14、nspired by sustainable living during a trip in 1970 to visit his relatives. He was eight years old and worried that his stay in their small village was going to be miserable because his relatives told him they had no air conditioning or electricitybut they had plenty of fresh fruits from orchards (果
15、园) and lots of cold drinks chilled by the icy stream from the ice caps of the nearby mountain. “This is amazing, says Culhane. He met Enas when she was living in an ecovillage in Portugal. Enas said she liked the feeling of being low-impact, of being virtually harmless to the earth. Culhane was impr
16、essed and fell in love with her. The couple got married, living on the same property that they currently have. They moved into their first home togetheran RV which they promptly took completely off-grid. Inside their RV, Culhane and Enas have hot showers, a working gas stove, a refrigerator, a washi
17、ng machine and a big screen TV. They use gas created by their on-site biodigesters (生物煮解器) to cook on a gas-powered stove. They also use energy created by the biodigesters to heat their bath water. They feed the biodigesters using their own food wasteat no additional cost to the earth. Sometimes on
18、weekends, the RV is turned into a classroom. The couple host workshops to let the community members and students know living an off-grid life is getting easier and teach them how to respect and coexist peacefully with the environment. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 主要讲述了Culhane和Enas这对夫妇在房屋式休闲旅游车中自给自足的生活。5. What do
19、es the author intend to do in Paragraph 2? A. Add some background information. B. Summarize the previous paragraph. C. Provide some advice for the readers. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可推知, 本段主要介绍了Culhane居住在房屋式休闲旅游车里之前的一些背景信息。6. What attracted Culhane most when he fi
20、rst met Enas? A. Her marriage property. B. Their common life belief. C. The beauty of her ecovillage. D. Her experience of exploration. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句“Enas said she liked the feeling of being low-impact, of being virtually harmless to the earth. Culhane was impressed and fell in love with h
21、er. 可推知, 当Culhane第一次见到Enas的时候, 最吸引他的是他们共同的人生理念。7. What do the biodigesters produce? A. Food waste. B. Additional costs. C. Greenhouse gases. D. Alternative energy. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二、三句“They use gas . . . to heat their bath water. 可知, 生物煮解器可产生替代能源。8. What can be a suitable title for the text? A.
22、 An RV ClassroomB. Living off the GridC. Getting Close to NatureD. Protecting the Environment【解析】选B。标题判断题。通读全文内容, 尤其是第一段最后一句中的“Thomas Culhane lives with his wife, Enas, almost entirely off the grida lifestyle without relying on electricity supply, 第二段第一句话中的“Culhane began living off the grid in the l
23、ate 1990s和最后一段第二句中的“The couple host workshops to let the community members and students know living an off-grid life is getting easier . . . 可知, 本文主要讲述了Culhane和Enas这对夫妇完全脱离电力供给, 住在房屋式休闲旅游车中的自给自足的生活, 应选B。. 阅读填句阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Most students have experienced or suffered from
24、 procrastination (拖延症). Here are some tips to help you reduce procrastination. Set goalsStudents often procrastinate because they think that they can put off the work for a while and enjoy their time at the moment. 1, when the deadline becomes one day away and the essay has yet to be started. In ord
25、er to stay on track, you should constantly set and update goals. It can be beneficial to mark all deadlines in a planner and think about how much time you need to meet them all. Update your plan for the upcoming two weeks so that you do not get overwhelmed(压倒), and continue to update as other assign
26、ments and events arise. Additionally, make a daily schedule in order to reach necessary goals before going to bed. Reward yourselfIt can become extremely difficult to work for hours straight in order to finish schoolwork. In order to keep productivity, set breaks at the end of a period of time or on
27、ce you finish a section of your work, you can reward yourself with some deserved, scheduled, and controlled procrastination-like activities. 2. Breaks like these are proven to increase productivity and keep you focused, and they will make the process of studying much more bearable! Remind yourself o
28、f what youre doingSometimes you may begin to think that what you are working on has little to do with what you ultimately want to do. You may consider some work or a class pointless and not useful to your further studies. However, when these thoughts arise, remind yourself what the ultimate goal of
29、your schooling is. Remind yourself why you wanted to go to school and take this program in the first place. 3. Turn off the Internet4. If you do not need the Internet to do your work, turn it off so that you are not receiving notifications while completing your work, and you are not so tempted to se
30、arch for sites. The same goes for your cell phone; you can take a break from being connected to the cyber world in order to do your schoolwork. If you feel the need to check messages and websites often, set time when you will allow yourself to do so rather than constantly staying connected. 5. Being
31、 productive for all hours of every day does not workyou do need breaks, and as a student you are entitled to have a lot of fun. So, in order to balance productivity and amusement, plan time to go out with friends or do something relaxing. But ideally, social and relaxation plans should be made after
32、 a significant portion of work is complete. This way, while you are working, you can keep in mind that once you have finished your work you can go out and not worry about your assignments. A. Have something to look forward toB. Enjoy every minute in schoolC. You may have coffee with a friend, cook,
33、or watch a television showD. This thought tends to make things worse, thoughE. The Internet has become an essential part of our daily lifeF. You may understand why you should focus on completing your workG. Some of the most common distractions are those found on the Internet【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了帮助学生克
34、服拖延症的一些方法。1. 【解析】选D。设空处前一句中的“because they think that they can put off the work for a while and enjoy their time at the moment说明了学生们有拖延症的原因, 后一句描述了拖延症造成的后果。D项意为“但是, 这种想法往往会使事情变得更糟糕, 承接上文话题; 且D项中的This thought指的是前一句中一些同学喜欢拖延的理由, 应选D。2. 【解析】选C。由设空前的“with some . . . activities和设空后的“Breaks like these可知, 设
35、空处应填描述奖励自己的休息活动, C项所述符合前后语境, 应选C。3. 【解析】选F。本段介绍第三个方法, 即明白自己正在做什么, 且设空处前一句中的“why you wanted to go to school and take this program in the first place和F项中的“why you should focus on completing your work相照应, 应选F。4. 【解析】选G。由设空处下一句中的“turn it off so that you are not receiving notifications可知, 设空处应说明互联网对学习或完成
36、任务造成的干扰, G项所述符合语境, 应选G。5. 【解析】选A。设空处应填主题句, 且由下文中的“as a student you are entitled to have a lot of fun及“plan time to go out . . . or do something relaxing可知, A项“有所期待符合本段主旨, 应选A。. 语法填空Chinas industrial output is expected to rise by around 6. 5 percent this year, marking the best 1. (perform) since 2022
37、, 2. the Made in China 2025 strategy(策略) helps to raise productivity and revenue (税收). The increase is 0. 5 percentage point 3. (high) than the targeted growth, partly 4. (drive) by strong efforts to increase the use of new technology at traditional enterprises(企业), Miao Wei said on Monday. “The cou
38、ntrys industrial economy has maintained steady and sound growth thanks 5. the Made in China 2025 strategy. It promoted the combination of manufacturing and new technologies such as 6. Internet, big data and cloud computing, Mina added. The ministry also predicted that the countrys industrial output
39、would be likely 7. (grow) by around 6 percent next year, with revenue from the telecommunications, Internet, and software and information technology service 8. (increase) by 50 percent, 30 percent and 13 percent, respectively. According to Miao, the country will also publish policies 9. promoting th
40、e development of digital economy. The data show that the countrys digital economy added up to 22. 58 trillion yuan last year, ranking second 10. (global) and accounting for around 30 percent of national GDP. 【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了因为“中国制造2025战略, 预计今年中国工业产出将增长6. 5%左右, 这将是自2022年以来的最正确表现。1. 【解析】perform
41、ance。考查词性转换。由形容词best可知, 此处应该用名词performance作动词make的宾语, 故填performance。2. 【解析】as/because。考查连词。句意: 因为“中国制造2025战略有助于提高生产率和收入, 预计今年中国工业产出将增长6. 5%左右, 这是自2022以来的最正确表现。前后是因果关系, 故填as/because。3. 【解析】higher。考查形容词的比拟级。句意: 这个增幅比目标增长率高0. 5个百分点。句中有than, 表比拟, 所以用形容词的比拟级, 故填higher。4. 【解析】driven。考查非谓语动词。句意: 这个增幅比目标增长率
42、高0. 5个百分点, 局部是受传统企业大力增加使用新技术的驱使。此处是用过去分词driven作原因状语, drive与主语“The increase之间存在被动关系, 故填driven。5. 【解析】to。考查介词。句意: 多亏了“中国制造2025战略, 全国工业经济保持稳健增长。thanks to为固定短语, 意为“幸亏了, 由于, 故填to。6. 【解析】the。考查冠词。此处特指“互联网, 所以加定冠词the, 故填the。7. 【解析】to grow。考查不定式。句意: 该部还预测, 明年中国的工业产值可能会增长6%左右。be likely to do sth. 为固定搭配, 意为“可
43、能做某事, 故填to grow。8. 【解析】increasing。考查非谓语动词。这是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补, 作状语; 动词increase与宾语revenue 是主动关系, 故填increasing。9. 【解析】on。考查介词。句意: 国家还将公布关于促进数字经济开展的政策。此处用介词on意思是“关于, 故填on。10. 【解析】globally。考查词性转换。句意: 数据显示, 去年全国数字经济总量达22. 58万亿元, 居全球第二位, 约占国内生产总值的30%。此处用副词globally (在全球地)作状语, 修饰现在分词ranking, 故填globally。阅
44、读理解(2022湖南六校联考)If I scratch your back and you scratch mine, then were both better off as a resultso goes the principle of reciprocity. As humans, we are familiar with the concept, whether it is by buying rounds of drinks or expelling diplomats. But do animals also help those who help them? The answe
45、r may be yes. A paper by Dolivo and Taborsky shows that Norway rats will only give as good as they get. In their laboratory, Dolivo and Taborsky first trained rats to pull a stick that provided a food item within the reach of a rat in a neighboring cage separated from them by wire mesh(铁丝网). They th
46、en introduced a further treatment in which an experimental rat was placed in a cage with other caged rats on either side. On one side the rat pulled a stick that provided pieces of carrot to the rat in the central cage, while the other pulled a stick that produced banana pieces. In the following tri
47、als the focal rat (the one in the central cage) had the opportunity to repay the other rats using the same stick tool to deliver food items. Now, the rats had typically turned their noses up at the carrot and showed a strong preference for the more desirable banana. On the basis that the banana-prov
48、iding rat should be therefore remembered as the superior partner, the authors predicted that in the test phase(阶段) the focal rat would more readily provide help for banana-offering rats than for carrot-offering rats. This proved to be the case: the rats that had provided better help in the past received greater rewardsit seemed that they were behaving reciprocally. Dolivo and Taborskys experiments show that rat