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1、托福阅读长难句分析方法汇总为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，小编给大家整理托福阅读长难句分析方法，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福阅读长难句分析方法一.托福阅读长难句分析方法之同位语所谓同位语，顾名思义，就是起重复性解释作用的成分。在托福阅读中遇到同位语最佳的处理方法就是删除同位语，从而更好地理解。关于同位语的识别，一般都是以A, B的形式出现，例如，the president of USA, Trump，关于删除方法，则以保留最简单的表达为删除原则。二.托福阅读长难句分析方法之插入语所谓插入语就是不影响句子含义和结构的插入成分。常见的插入语有that is, that is to say
2、, whats more, to tell you the truth, frankly speaking等，处理插入语的最佳办法就是删除。三.托福阅读长难句分析方法之定语定语的“定”主要指限定，形容词、名词、介词短语等都可以作定语，来修饰、限定名词。英语中也可以用一个句子来修饰、限定一个名词(或者名词词组、句子)，这样的句子叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词(词组、句子)叫做先行词，连接定语从句和主句的叫做关系词，即that。关系词分为两类，关系代词(that which who whom whose)和关系副词(when where why)，关系词在从句中起三个作用指代前面先行词，连接从句和主句
3、，在定语从句中作成分。前置定语的识别：adj. + n. (比较容易判断)后置定语的识别：形容词短语(adj. + prep. + n./prep.)e.g. A book useful for your management一本有助你进行管理的书。介词短语(prep. + n./pron.)分词短语(ving/ved + prep. + n./pron.)e.g. A person walking on the road.动词不定式(to do sth.)e.g. A way to solve the problem.表语形容词(alike, alive, alone)注：不定代词只能用后置
4、定语修饰四.托福阅读长难句分析方法之状语首先需要强调的是状语修饰非名词，状语的位置比较随意。可以充当状语的成分比较多，有副词，e.g. He secretly decided to leave the room.介词短语e.g. We have friends all over the world.不定式(短语)I went there to see my grandmother.分词(短语)现在分词e.g. Being a poor teacher, he cant afford to buy a car.过去分词e.g. He entered, accompanied by his son
5、.形容词e.g. He said nothing but sat silent smoking.词组e.g. I shall stay another five months.复合结构e.g. It being a holiday, the library isnt open.从句e.g. Next time you come in, please close the door.有的时候名词也可以作状语e.g. Weve been waiting hours waiting for you.疫情托福阅读长难句深度解析，提取句子主干是关键!1. One of the most difficult
6、 aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measure of what constitutes the natural variability of the climate.1、首先弄清楚句子的主干是什么：One of the most difficult aspects is that it is hard to get a measure.即：最困难的一个方面是it is
7、 hard to get a measure。而of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities是用来修饰前面的One of the most difficult aspects的。即：决定目前气候是否受人类活动的影响的最困难的一个方面是of what constitutes the natural variability of the climate修饰measure。即：组成气候自然变化的因素。所以整句话翻译出来就是：决定目前气候是否受人类活动的影响的最
8、困难的一个方面是获知组成气候自然变化的因素。2. We need therefore to know how much the climate can vary of its own accord in order to interpret with confidence the extent to which recent changes are natural as opposed to being the result of human activities.先来学习几个词组：of its own accord是自己的意思with confidence确切地as opposed to而不
9、是注意：英语句子很多时候都是先说结果，后说目的。首先找出句子主干：We need therefore to know in order to interpret 即：因此我们需要知道，从而可以解释接下来再分析细节，即我们需要知道什么，从而解释什么。这样句子意思就清晰明了了!所以整句话的翻译应该是：因此我们需要知道气候变化在多大程度上是自然原因造成的，从而可以确切地解释出最近的气候变化是自然原因造成的还是人类活动的结果。3. In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purp
10、ose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered themeven while building materials have changed dramatically.主干为：architecture employs methods of support that, have changed little since people first discovere
11、d them 其余为修饰成分，所以翻译为：为了使结构达到必要的大小和强度去满足它的目的，建筑学上使用了一些支撑的方法，因为这些方法都是基于物理定律，所以尽管建筑材料已经发生了巨大变化，这些方法却自人们发现它们以来就没有什么变化。托福阅读长难句分析其实就这么简单在托福阅读考试中，最让大家为难的是长难句了。对长难句阅读要学会化繁为简，才有助于托福阅读的答题;下文西安新东方学校艾玛老师跟大家分享，最常见的：主谓分隔的题型，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。主谓分隔，就是主语和谓语之间有着长长的修饰性成分将其隔开，这些修饰性成分可以是形容词/副词、介词短语、非谓语(过去分词、现在分词、动词不定式)，也有可能是
12、从句(定语从句、同位语从句)。因此在做题前，各位同学要首先懂得识别修饰成分，抓住句子主干。下面跟大家分享，如何从不同类型的修饰成分中找出句子主干。介词短语eg. / Thus / a part / of the total space / of any object / consists of empty space.主干部分内容：一个部分包含空的空间。of介词短语后置修饰主语：任何物体的总空间的一部分包含空的空间。形容词、副词eg. Animals / able / to tolerate low temperature/ of the North Pole / can survive.主干
13、部分为主谓句型：动物能存活。able形容词后置定语修饰主语：能够忍受北极低温的动物能存活。从句定语从句：Girls who have dolls that cost more than 10 dollars formed a little club.主干部分为：女孩们组成了小社团。定语从句先行词为主句主语：那些拥有价值十美元以上娃娃的女孩们组成了小社团。同位语从句：The fact that artisans are frequently considered artists today is / directly /attributable / to the Arts and Crafts
14、Movement / of the nineteenth century /.主干部分为：事实可以直接归因于十九世纪的工艺美术运动。同位语从句修饰主句主语：工匠们在今天往往被认为是艺术家的事实可以直接归因于十九世纪的工艺美术运动。非谓语动词动词不定式：The best way to calm her down is to buy her some food and let her rest.主干内容为：最好的方法是买食物给她让她休息。动词不定式作后置定语修饰主语：让她冷静的最好方法是买食物给她，让她休息。现在分词：A third fossil formation containing both
15、 soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian(寒武纪)explosion.主干内容为：第三个化石形成物提供了寒武纪爆发结果的证据。现在分词短语作后置定语修饰主句主语：包含软体动物和硬体动物的第三个化石形成物提供了寒武纪爆发结果的证据。过去分词：The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates.主干部分为：提高了的价值也帮助解
16、释了出生率的增长。过去分词短语作后置定语修饰主句主语：家庭观念方面的提高的价值也帮助解释了出生率的增长。实用阅读攻略丨托福阅读长难句解析一. 托福阅读长难句托福阅读中为什么会有长难句?如果托福阅读中都是简单句那也体现不出来你高超的英语水平。简单地来说，就是为了测试你的英语水平，确保你具备像native speaker那样的阅读能力，不影响你日后到国外读书时阅读外文资料。所以理解托福阅读文章长难句对我们英语水平提升是有帮助的，大家一定要积极应对。托福阅读长难句有多长?刷过阅读题的小伙伴们都知道，长难句少则两三行，多则五六行，甚至会出现一整段只有一句话的情况。长难句通常会出句子简化题(细节题和推断
17、题也常涉及长难句)。长难句的难点就在于长，中文表达中很少会有如此冗长的句子，所以大家初见英文文章长难句会很不习惯。那么，应该如何解决托福阅读中的长难句呢?二. 托福阅读长难句如何分析1. 简化解决托福阅读长难句的第一步是简化句子。简化句子最为有效的方法就是找到句子的主谓宾结构。我们通过一个例子来看看如何简化长难句。A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin of Boston, William Byrd of Virginia, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art t
18、raditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries,especially aspiring artists,and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.这个句子很长，但是如果我们找到句子的主干以后就可以将其简化成下面的句子：A few art collectors introduced Eur
19、opean art traditions to those colonists and established in their respective communities the idea and the need.这样看起来整个句子是不是一目了然非常好理解了。其实只要抓住句子的主谓宾结构，就可以迅速将句子简化，了接句子的大意。但是这样还不够，接下来还有一步。2. 还原简化过后我们可以迅速了接文章的大意，但是却缺失了修饰成分，想要全面了解句意，我们要还要将句子的修饰成分归还给各个修饰成分。举个简单的例子，这个定语从句“This is an old computer that works m
20、uch slower.”的主干就是“This is a computer”，但若是不将修饰成分加回来，我们就不知道这个电脑的状态是“old”，而且“works much slower”。所以完成了简化以后要将修饰成分归位更加全面地了解句意。托福阅读长难句分析 正确的解决方法介绍首先：长句子。大家一开始学习英语可能都知道句子的形成及结构并没有那么复杂，后来学得了修饰，就把之前学到句子称之为简单句，经过修饰的句子为复杂句，而长句子就是在简单句子经过一个或者多个修饰之后形成的句子。考生在面对一个难以理解的句子时，首先会想到的是这个句子的生词多不多?如果有很多的生词的话，那么我们从生词开始攻克。但是如
21、果词汇大家都认识，但是句子的意思理解不了或者读不下去，那么这时应该如何办呢?下面小编就通过例子来为大家讲解一下：A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin of Boston, William Byrd of Virginia, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries,especially aspiring artists,and estab
22、lished in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.这就是一个长句，这个句子词汇并不难，但是句子理解难度却不小，原因就是因为这个句子的结构太复杂了，下面小编就带大家一起来解剖一下：A few art collectors introduced European art traditions to those colonistsand established in their respective
23、 communities the idea and the need.对于这样一个句子，大家要做的就是找到这个句子的核心主干(即主谓宾)注意后半部分嵌入了倒装句established in their respective communities the idea and the need，establish是及物动词，后面却加了介词in，说明此处有倒装，还原正常语序应是established the idea and the need in their respective communities。倒装出现的意义在于idea和need在原句中的后置定语(即蓝色划线部分)太长，为了防止头重脚轻
24、。在原句中，是有人名是并列的不知道大家有没有发现，也是本句主语art collectors的同位语。其中还有一部分是colonists的非谓语动词后置定语，还一个部分是插入语用来进一步解释art collectors。综上所述，本句运用了多种语法结构(并列，倒装，同位语，后置定语，插入语)把主干部分分割得支离破碎，如果对这些语法结构不熟悉的同学肯定会一下子摸不着头脑。而如果能够尽最大努力把握其用法，那么对阅读的速度和正确率的提升都有很大帮助。以上这个句子我们就可以这样翻译：几位艺术收藏家(此处省略几位艺术家名字)将欧洲艺术传统介绍给那些被特许参观他们画廊的殖民者，尤其是有抱负的艺术家们，并在他
25、们各自的社区建立了艺术具有价值的观念和致力于鼓励其发展的机构的需要。其次：长文章新托福阅读的文章篇幅一般都是在700字以上，而这么长的文章主要就是由简单句和一些复杂的长难句组成，除了句子理解外，为了更好的解题考生还应该了解文章段落和文章结构。面对比较长的段落和文章，要在短时间内快速抓住重点信息，做对题目，那么对文章的行文套路要有非常清晰的把握。下面以一篇OG真题文章Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States的段落为例来讲解。In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was simil
26、ar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among
27、 the business and commercial classes. Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade in the world market, to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses, and to workers who wished to improve themselves. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or u
28、ncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market econ
29、omy, whereas Democratsdominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.对于这种较长的段落，如何快速辨别段落内部结构和句与句之间的逻辑是理解的关键。一般来说，段落的主题常出现的位置在段首和段尾，但是也有例外，比如段落内部出现转折，那么要注意转折后的内容与前面相反而且是重点。这个段落，首句在讲两个党派的社会组成是相似的，接着的第二三句出现了both、neither表示“都”、“都不”，提出了两点相似之处。第四句出现了关键性的howev
30、er，而该句以及接下来的句子主语也发生了转变，都变为两个党派的其中一个。那么，可以推断出however之后的内容与前面相反，所以段落的主题落在了Democrats和Whigs社会组成的不同之处。最后：长题目大家在备考托福阅读时，或者在做真题(有可能是官方真题Official)大家会发现有些题目有好几行，其中的选项也有好几行的，这时考生好不容易弄懂了文章 的意思，又碰到这么的题目和选项，瞬间眼前一黑，这时不会做题时只好去蒙答案了，就使得大家的答题正确率直线下降。对于这种题目，主要的解题方法就是同义改写。同义，意味着核心意思保持一致;改写，意味着换一种说法，简单的例如替换同义词语，复杂的例如改变句
31、子结构。下面，我们结合前面所讲的长难句理解内容来做一道句子简化题。The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.Which of the sentences below bes
32、t expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the economy because Democrats dominated in other areas.B.
33、Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.C. The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs control of the market economy.D. The Democrats power was greatest in poorer areas while the Wh
34、igs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating.答案：选D单词：integrate v. 使融合;使结合dominate v. 主宰semisubsistence n. 半自给自足languish v. 失去活力快速做法：Step 1：根据逻辑排除A，因果逻辑无Step 2：根据主干结构排除C，主语不对Step 3：细读B和D，发现B与原句矛盾，排除。详细解析：原句的结构比较简单易懂，主语是红色部分。句子逻辑是绿色的whereas，表示“然而”。所以这句话是在对比Whigs和Democ
35、rats势力分布上的区别。A选项的极端词only、最高级wealthiest、because因果逻辑均无体现B选项表示两个党派的势力在城市和乡村地区各自自然分布，与原句前半句矛盾C选贤偷换主干，原句主干不是farming areasD选项涉及同义改写，whereas与while同义替换，逻辑对应。poorer areas同义对应原句的more isolated and languishing economically;market fully operating同义对应原句的fully integrated into market economy如何同时准备TOEFL和GRE还互不耽误 如何同时准备TOEFL和GRE还互不耽误?“一心两用”是个技术活今天小编给大家带来了 第 16 页 共 16 页