高中英语定语从句最新课件.ppt

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1、Grammar定语从句之限制性定语从句定语从句之限制性定语从句The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词A hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词修饰限定关系修饰限定关系修饰限定关系修饰限定关系定语定语从句从句：是指在是指在复合句复合句中，中，修饰修饰 或或 的的从句从句. .被定语从句所修饰的名词或代被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做词叫做“ ”. .引导引导定语从句的词定语从句的词叫叫“ ” 名词名词代词代词先行词先行词关系词关系词The strucure of an att

2、ributive clause先行词先行词名词或代词名词或代词关系词关系词关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词从句从句缺少主语缺少主语/宾语宾语/状语状语/定语，定语，但必须有谓语。但必须有谓语。+WHY?已经作定语从句中的成分已经作定语从句中的成分定定语语从从句句好好像像一一面面镜镜子，子，对对先先行行词词进进行行描描述述关系词关系词就是镜子里的就是镜子里的“自己自己”，在定语从句中代替先行词在定语从句中代替先行词先行词先行词就是主就是主句中的句中的“本人本人”同指同指关系关系这种情况不会出现，因为先行词或关系词这种情况不会出现，因为先行词或关系词作定语从句中的相同成分（同指关系）作定语从句

3、中的相同成分（同指关系）先行词作定语从句中的主语或宾语，先行词作定语从句中的主语或宾语，关系词也要作定语从句中的主语或宾语，关系词也要作定语从句中的主语或宾语，因而选用关系代词引导定语从句。因而选用关系代词引导定语从句。先行词作定语从句中的状语，先行词作定语从句中的状语，关系词也要作定语从句中的状语，关系词也要作定语从句中的状语，因而选用关系副词引导定语从句。因而选用关系副词引导定语从句。先行词先行词关系词关系词Have you learned about the city where we are visiting?Have you learned about the city which

4、we are paying a visit?This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.这种情况不会出现，因为这种情况不会出现，因为已经作了定语已经作了定语从句中的成分，定语从句中不能出现相同成分从句中的成分，定语从句中不能出现相同成分I still remember the years when we studied together then. Ive put the book whereit was there just now.This

5、is the point whereI disagree with.改错：改错：定语从句中重复出现先行词或关系词所作的成分定语从句中重复出现先行词或关系词所作的成分引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词只指代人只指代人 只指代事物只指代事物 人、物皆可人、物皆可 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who，whomwhichthat, whose, aswherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词作定语作定语从句中从句中的的作定语从句中的作定语从句中的 The usage of the relative pronouns 关系关系代词代词指代指代在定语从句中所充当的在定语从

6、句中所充当的成分成分人人物物句子句子主语主语宾语宾语状语状语whowhomwhichthatwhose表语表语定语定语as关系词的实质关系词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. 关系词的实质关系词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentence

7、s:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系词的实质关系词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系词的实质关系词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary

8、.herThe girl关系词的实质关系词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系词的实质关系词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系词的实质关系词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is M

9、ary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系词的实质关系词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.that/who/whomThe girl注意定语从句中避免成分重复注意定语从句中避免成分重复 1.代替代替先行词先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中它还在定语从句中担任担任一定的一定的成分成分; 3. 同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。先行词与它引导的定语从

10、句。 （把主句和从句连起来）（把主句和从句连起来） Have fun关注如何使用关系词关注如何使用关系词 带定语从句的谚语：带定语从句的谚语：1. God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助之。自助者天助之。2. He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。3. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。不到长城非好汉。先行词是人！先行词是人！下面的句子明白了吗下面的句子明白了吗?1. Alls well th

11、at ends well.2. Not all that glitters is gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。闪光的未必都是金子。结果好就一切都好。结果好就一切都好。先行词是先行词是事物！事物！关注：先行词有关注：先行词有特殊修饰成分！特殊修饰成分！ English is the most subjectMake sentences:下面的句子明白了吗下面的句子明白了吗?The dictionary is the only place _ success comes before work. 只有在字典里，只有在字典里，“成功成功”才会出现在才会出现在“工作工作”之前。之前。先行词是先行词

12、是事物，也有事物，也有特殊修饰，但是特殊修饰，但是先行词作先行词作定语从句定语从句中的中的状语状语成分！成分！？where Summary:关系词关系词 判判 断断 规规 律律 :?先行词先行词是什么？是什么？有何特殊修饰？有何特殊修饰？作定语从句中的什么成分？作定语从句中的什么成分？定语从句及主句的句式特征定语从句及主句的句式特征“四位一体四位一体”成分优先成分优先 The SEMS is a/ the. school. Mr. Wu is a/ the. teacher.Make sentences as many as you can!99语法填空中相关问题练习语法填空中相关问题练习1.

13、 I have many friends, some of _ are businessmen.2. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.3. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, _made me very happy.4. The old man has two sons, and both of _ are teachers.5. This is the place _ we met yesterday.

14、6. There are many reasons _ people like traveling.7. The first textbook that _ (write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 8. This is the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work.9. The house _ they built last year are being rebuilt.1

15、0. The mother told the lazy boy to work，_ didnt help11. This is the only work _ we can work out. 12. The mother told the lazy boy to work. _ didnt help13. My girl friend told me the day _ she was born. 14. My girl friend told me the day _ she had chosen. 15. I still remember the day _ I first came t

16、o the school. 16. It was on October 1st, 1949 _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 17. The bridge which _ (build) here now is about 1,000 meters long. 18. _ is expected, our team won the football match. 19. This is the town _ she lived in Germany when she was young. 20. This is the time _ re

17、minded us of the happy life in out school.21. I met twenty students. Some of _ are good at English.22. We reached the mountain, on the top of _we saw a beautiful scene.that/ whic判断下列句中是否含有定语从句判断下列句中是否含有定语从句 Greenfields is a small town with about 10,000 people living there. It is enough time that we

18、need most. It was a time when no human beings existed（存在）（存在）. That was really an easy and pleasant time when I chatted with Father over dinner. I have put the book where it was. Where is it now？ It seems that he will be late.with复合结构复合结构强调句强调句定语从句定语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句时间状语从句时间状语从句名词性从句名词性从句 1. Try to fin

19、d all the sentences with attributive clauses in the passage. 2. Finish off the exercises in your learning papers. The Attributive Clause is The Attributive Clause is a a grammatical item that is grammatical item that is hard to hard to mastermaster, but its so , but its so useful, common, useful, co

20、mmon, and charming and charming that that we must learn it we must learn it better better nownow! !定语从句定语从句 定语从句是一项难学的语法项目，但是它如此有定语从句是一项难学的语法项目，但是它如此有用、常见而又迷人，所以我们一定要现在就学好它！用、常见而又迷人，所以我们一定要现在就学好它！Group work: Find all sentences with attributive clauses in the text(P26).?Discussion1. But the people in

21、 the city, _ _，went to sleep as usual that night.2. It was felt in Beijing, _who thought little of these eventswhich is more than 200 kilometers away.3. A huge crack _ _ cut across houses, roads and canals.4. The number of people _ _ reached more than 400,000. that was eight kilometers long and thir

22、ty meters wide who were killed or injured5.Then, later that afternoon, another big quake_ shook Tangshan.6.The army organized teams to dig out those _.7. Workers built shelters for survivors _. which was almost as strong as the first onewho were trapped and to bury the deadGroup work: Find all sente

23、nces with attributive clauses in the text(P26).whose homes had been destroyed定语从句！省略了关系词when。再如： This is the place (where) he works.A NIGHT A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNTHE EARTH DIDNT SLEEPT SLEEPI am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.1. 先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, li

24、ttle, much 等不定代词时，等不定代词时，用用that而而不用不用which 做关系代词做关系代词。关系词的判定：先行词关系词的判定：先行词是什么是什么？They talked of things and persons that they remembered.2. 2. 先行词既有人又有物，先行词既有人又有物，用用that而不用而不用which 或或who(m)做关系代词做关系代词。关系词的判定：先行词关系词的判定：先行词是什么是什么？I didnt like the way _ she talked to me.The way _ he teaches English is in

25、teresting.3. 先行词是先行词是a/ the way/ ways，意为，意为“方式、方式、方法方法”并且作定语从句中的并且作定语从句中的方式状语方式状语时，引导时，引导定语从句的关系词用定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略或省略。（that/ in which）（that/ in which）关系词的判定：先行词关系词的判定：先行词是什么是什么？4. 当先行词为当先行词为point, situation, case等表示等表示“情况，境地，场合情况，境地，场合”或为或为activity/ match/ race/ party等表示等表示“活动活动”意思而且作定语意思而

26、且作定语从句中的从句中的状语状语时，其后定语从句常由时，其后定语从句常由where引导。如：引导。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?I decided to go to the party, where I could meet some old friends.关系词的判定：关系词的判定：先行词有何先行词有何特殊修饰特殊修饰成分？成分？This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.1.

27、 先行词被先行词被序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，修饰时，用用that不用不用which 做关系代词做关系代词。2. 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等等修饰时，修饰时，用用that不用不用which 做关系代词做关系代词。3. 先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等等修饰时，修饰时，用用that不用不用which 做关系代词做关系代词。Ive read all the books that are not mine. 关系词的判定：先行词有何关系词的判定：先行

28、词有何特殊修饰成分特殊修饰成分？as 的使用的使用This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.asas定语从句定语从句这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。定语从句定语从句关系词的判定：先行词有何关系词的判定：先行词有何特殊修饰成分特殊修饰成分？as 的使用的使用thatas定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句nThis is the same book _ I lost.nThis is the same book _ I los

29、t.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。 关系词的判定：关系词的判定：先行词先行词作定语从句中什么成分作定语从句中什么成分？ 原则上先行词作定语从句中的原则上先行词作定语从句中的、，要用，要用引导定语从句；先行词作定引导定语从句；先行词作定语从句中的语从句中的，要用，要用引导定语从句。引导定语从句。 但最难判断的是先行词到底但最难判断的是先行词到底还是还是，此时一定要抓住此时一定要抓住，特别，特别是定语从句的谓语动词是是定语从句的谓语动词是。 关系词的判定：关系词的判定：先行词先行词作定语从句中什么成分作定语从句中什么成分？先行词

30、作定语从句中的先行词作定语从句中的主语、宾语、介词宾语主语、宾语、介词宾语 无论谓语什么形式无论谓语什么形式主语主语 vt. vt. 主语主语 vi./ be vi./ be 表语表语 介词介词 主语主语 双宾语双宾语vt. vt. 主语主语 vt. vt. 宾补宾补关系代词关系代词: : who/ whom/ whose/ that/ which/ as 关系词的判定：关系词的判定：先行词先行词作定语从句中什么成分作定语从句中什么成分？先行词作定语从句中的先行词作定语从句中的状语状语 主语主语 vi. vi. 主语主语 vt. vt. 宾语宾语 主语主语 be be 表语表语 主语主语 be

31、 done be done （被动语态）（被动语态） 主语主语 vt. vt. 双宾语双宾语/ / 复合宾语复合宾语 关系副词：关系副词：when/ where/ why(或介词或介词which)which)This is the reason _ ( = for which ) I didnt come here. The reason _ she gave was not true.whywhich/that指时间、地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中指时间、地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾作主语或宾语语，用关系代词，用关系代词which或或that引导定语从句；先行词如引导定语从句；先

32、行词如在定语从句中作在定语从句中作状语状语，要使用，要使用关系副词关系副词引导定语从句引导定语从句。主语主语 双宾语双宾语vt. vt. 主语主语 vi. vi. 1) Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.2) Ill never forget the time _I spent with you.3) This is the museum _ I paid a visit last year.4) This is the museum _ I visited last year.whenwhich/ thatwherewhi

33、ch/ that主语主语 vi. vi. 主语主语 vt. vt. 主语主语 vt. vt. 宾语宾语 主语主语 vt. vt. 5) This is the story _ the old man told us young people. 6) This is the story _ the old man told us young people his experience.7) This is the point _ I dont agree.8) This is the point _ I dont agree with.that/ whichwhere/ in whichwher

34、e/ with whichwhich/ that主语主语 双宾语双宾语vt. vt. 主语主语 vt. vt. 双宾语双宾语 主语主语 vi. vi. 主语主语 vi. vi. 介词介词 9) Later, they came to a place _ the natives called the Ghost Cave.10) This is the very case _ a new word is used uncorrectly, although it has been learnt by heart.that/ whichwhere主语主语 vt. vt. 宾补宾补主语主语 be d

35、one be done （被动语态）（被动语态） 定语从句中的某个名词定语从句中的某个名词从属于先行词从属于先行词，意为，意为“先行先行词的词的.”，即先行词作定语从句中该名词的，即先行词作定语从句中该名词的定语定语，此时定语从句此时定语从句用用whose 引导引导。whose表示所属关系表示所属关系 The river _ banks are covered with flowers and trees flows to the sea.whose关系词的判定：关系词的判定：先行词先行词作定语从句中什么成分作定语从句中什么成分？2. Whose 的使用的使用 whose引导定语从句，其后应引

36、导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词紧跟名词，构成名词，构成名词短语。短语。whose引导定语从句时，其引导定语从句时，其先行词既可以指人先行词既可以指人也可以指物也可以指物。 whose可与它所修饰的名词可与它所修饰的名词一起作介词的宾语一起作介词的宾语。如：。如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard of the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。whose引导的定语从句应注意的要点引导的定语从句应注意的要点2. Whose 的使用的使用 whose的的先行词指物先行词指物时，可用时，

37、可用of which代替，但代替，但语语序不同序不同，即，即whose +名词名词 = + 名词名词 + of which，或或 = of which + + 名词。如：名词。如：The book whose cover (= the cover of which或或of which the cover) is broken is the one he lent me. whose的的先行词指人先行词指人时，可用时，可用of whom代替，但代替，但语语序不同序不同，即，即whose + 名词名词 = + 名词名词 + of whom，或或 = of whom + + 名词。如：名词。如：Th

38、e boy whose face (= the face of whom或或of whom the face) turns red is telling a lie.There are 20 students in this class, _ are different.lA. whose backgrounds lB. backgrounds of whomlC. of whom the backgrounds lD. the backgrounds of whoseWhose 的使用的使用 3. 当先行词在定语从句中当先行词在定语从句中作作be表语表语时，时，用用that而不用而不用whi

39、ch 做关系代词。做关系代词。 She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.关系词的判定：关系词的判定：先行词先行词作定语从句中什么成分作定语从句中什么成分？2. 关系代词前关系代词前有介词有介词，用用which指物、用指物、用whom指人指人, 不用不用that； This is the house in which he was born.1. 非限制性非限制性定语从句中，关系代词定语从句中，关系代词用用which指指物、用物、用who(m)指人指人, 不用不用that； Alice received an invitation from her

40、 boss, which came as a surprise.关系词的判定：关系词的判定：定语从句定语从句以及以及主句主句的的句式特征句式特征？I agree with the idea _ you thought of.that/which/(left out)做做of 的宾语的宾语I agree with the idea（主句）（主句）_you thought of which.I agree with the idea _ you thought of.of which这就叫这就叫介词提前介词提前的关系代词，的关系代词，prep+关系代词。请思考：关系代词。请思考：可用于介词后的关系

41、代词有哪几个？可用于介词后的关系代词有哪几个？请还原请还原which 在从句中的位置在从句中的位置which/whom/ whose This is the boy. I played tennis _the boy yesterday. Well go to visit the famous school. We have often talked _the famous school.withaboutThis is the boy whom /that/ /who I played tennis with.Well go to visit the famous school which

42、/that / we have often talked about. with about3. 主句为主句为who, what或或which的特殊疑问句，的特殊疑问句，定语从句的关系代词要使用定语从句的关系代词要使用that。 Who is the girl drove the car?Which is the book you bought last week? 4. 主句为主句为There be 句型时，句型时，定语从句的关系定语从句的关系代词要使用代词要使用that。There are a lot of things you cant know about.99定语从句常见错误定语从句

43、常见错误（难点重点突破）（难点重点突破）1. 分不清关系词在从句中所担任的成分。分不清关系词在从句中所担任的成分。 This is the place where I want to visit. 1. Im very glad to return to my hometown _I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown _I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason_ he didnt tell the truth to me.4. No one be

44、lieves the reason _he gave us about his absence at the meeting.wherewhichwhythat/which2. 把含有被动语态的定语从句与过去分词作把含有被动语态的定语从句与过去分词作定语混淆。定语混淆。The house was built 100 years ago is still there. The house built 100 years ago is still there. The house which/ that was built 100 years ago is still there. Many ot

45、her materials such as cotton and wool also come from plants and animals _(raise) on farms.The snake that_ (save) by the farmer woke up, bit him and ran away.which/ thatwas builtraised was saved3. 因混淆定语从句、并列句，错用普通代词和因混淆定语从句、并列句，错用普通代词和关系词。关系词。She failed in the test again, and which disappointed her p

46、arents. She failed in the test again, it disappointed her parents. She failed in the test again, which disappointed her parents. She failed in the test again, and it disappointed her parents. She failed in the test again. And it/ It disappointed her parents. 4. 混淆定语从句与强调句型混淆定语从句与强调句型It is the factor

47、y _ Mr. Wang worksIt is in the factory _ Mr. Wang worksIt is on the island _ they spent 10 years.It is the island _ they spent 10 years.It is on the date _ she went abroad. It is the date _ she went abroad. where thatthatwhere thatwhen 5. 在写作中常见错误在写作中常见错误1) 在从句中使用了多余的代词在从句中使用了多余的代词Ill give you the b

48、ook which youll find it interesting.2) 遗漏了关系词遗漏了关系词I met the man stole my watch.3) 遗漏了应带的介词遗漏了应带的介词Lets find a room which we can put our things.4) 从句主谓一致从句主谓一致I wont tell you the name of the person who teach me English. whointeachesCorrect the sentences:1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterd

49、ay.2. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.3. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.tothat4. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.5. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.whichwhoCorrect the sentences:n6.This is the last time when Ive given you less

50、ons.n7. The reason which he explained it to us again sounds reasonable.thatwhyCorrect the sentences:8. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school. givesCorrect the sentences:9. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.10. The bike by which I trave