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1、初中英语语法英语从句总结初中英语语法总结从句英语从句三大类型按一般讲法，可分为三大类14种从句。一,名词性从句1主语从句Whetheritsrightornotremainstobeseen.2宾语从句Iwonderwhetheritsrightornot.3同位语从句Thisisaquestionwhetheritsrightornot.4表语从句Thequestioniswhetheritsrightornot.二,定语从句1限定性定语从句SheisthestudentwhocanspeakEnglishwell.2非限定性定语从句Sheisthestudent,whocanspeakEn
2、glishwell.三,状语从句1时间状语从句Thefactwillcomeoutwhenhecomeshere.2地点状语从句Youcangowhereveryoulike.3原因状语从句Paymoreattentiontoyourlessonsbecauseyouareastudent.4方式状语从句Hewalksasifhewereaking.5目的状语从句ShewenttoJapansothatshecouldlearnJapanesewell.6结果状语从句ShewenttoJapansothatshelearnedJapanesewell.7条件状语从句Iwillunderstan
3、ditifhetellsme.8让步状语从句Heknowsalotthoughheislittle.1定语从句Therearesomeoldbooksinthebox.TheboydressedinblueisfromAmerica.?分清几个概念：先行词与关系代词/关系副词。先行词是指定语从句所修饰的中心词；关系代词主要有who,whom,whose,which,that;关系副词主要有when,where,why。关系代词和关系副词有两个作用，一是连接主句和从句的作用，二是在定语从句中做成分。?定语从句分为：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,限定性定语从句假如去掉会影响句子意义的完好性，非
4、限定性定语从句即便去掉也不会影响句子意义的完好性，如：Julyisthemonthwhenwehavealotofrain.Therearemanyplays(that)Idliketosee.Themeetingwasputoff,whichsurprisedusalot.ThisnoteisleftbyMary,whowashereamomentago.1.非限定性定语从句，其作用为：对所修饰的成分作进一步的讲明，它与主句用逗号隔开。此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，which可代表前面的整个句子；代表人时只能用who，whom，而不能用that；as可以用作关系代词。
5、例如:2.1.Thetelephone，asweknow，wastheinventionofAlexanderGrahamBell3.2.FranklinDRoosevelt，whodiedthereonApril12，19454.3.Livinginadamp潮湿的houseforalongtimeisharmfultooneshealth，whichisknowntoeveryone5.限定性定语从句中that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在从句中作主语或宾语。that作宾语时常可省略，which则不能，而且其后的“不及物动词+介词中的介词不能省略。which作宾语时，先行词与w
6、hich之间的介词不能省。例如：6.1.Thefirstdollthatcouldsay“mamawasinventedin18307.2.Thesecondhalfofhisvoyagewasbyfarthemoredangerouspart，duringwhichhesailedroundtheCapeHorn合恩角?代表all，anything，something，nothing，much等词时，用that而不用which，that作宾语可省略。例如：?1.Icareanythingthathassomethingtodowithit?2.Youdbetterdosomethinghep
7、referstodotopleasehim?3.Thatisthelasttimewemeteachother?4.Icameacrossthewomanyoutoldmeaboutyesterday?who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句的主语和宾语。where是关系副词，用于表示地点的定语从句，而when用来表示时间。whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语。例如:?1.HenryFordisthepersonwhoismostresponsiblefordevelopingtheideaofmassproduction?2.Thekneeisthejointwherethethig
8、hbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg?3.Thenextmorning，whenshecamedowntobreakfast，Marywasbeamingwiththepleasureofanew，greatdiscovery?4.Thevisitingprofessorisafamousscientistwhosesonstudiesinmydepartment?注意几点：that可替代who,whom指人，可以替代which指物whose既可指人又可指物引导定语从句的关系代词紧跟介词做从句的宾语时，不用that,只用which/不能用which,只能用th
9、at的情况.几个例子：Isshethegirlthat/whosellsflowers?Thetrainthat/whichhasjustleftisforXian.Thepeople(who/that/whom)youweretalkingtowereRussians.ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.Ihavenevermettheboywhosemotherisafamousactress.Mybookisonthetablewhoselegsarebroken.HewenttoChinain1945,whentheWarWorldIIwasover.Look,
10、thisisthehousewherethewriterwasborn.Thetoolwithwhichheisworkingiscalledawrench(扳手).2状语从句Heswimsfast.Nervous,heopenedtheletter.Legsbroken,thesoldiercrawledbackhome.Sheusedtostayupuntilmidnight.Withabookinhishand,theteachercamein.?状语从句可分为：时间状语从句(主要由when，whenever，after，before，a5，since，once，until，while等
11、连词引导)，结果状语从句(由sothat和suchthat连接)，让步状语从句(由though，although，nomatter，evenif，however，whatever等词引导)，原因状语从句(由as，because，since和for引导)，条件状语从句(由if，whether，aslongas，providedthat等词引导)，地点状语从句(由where引导)，行为方式状语从句(由as引导)。有时条件状语从句中，主句不能够用将来时，而用一般时代替。?状语从句中的“主语+be能够省略，前提是：从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语“be省略后的构造为“连词+如今分词过去分词介词短语形
12、容词名词短语。)例如：?1.Ifnecessary，Iwouldliketoseeyouinyouroffice.?2.Althoughseriouslywounded，henevercomplained条件状语从句：1Letsgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.(除非,若不；相当于if-not)即：Ifyouaretootired,wellnotgooutforawalk.2Youmayborrowmybookaslongasyoukeepitclean.(只要，表示条件的唯一性)3Takeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.以防-，以免-4I
13、cantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.(条件是-)5Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?(假如,假设)6Hewontbeagainstusinthemeetingprovided/providingthatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.(假设,除非以为条件)7Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewonceyouhaveconfidence.(一旦-就-)方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as,(just)ass
14、o,asif,asthough引导。1as,(just)asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)asso构造中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体，例如：Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家如何待你，你就要如何待人。Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我们离不开空气，如同鱼儿离不开水。2asif,asthough两者的意义和用法一样，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所讲情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿fo似的，好似似的，例如：
15、1.Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif(asthough)theyneverexisted.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿fo它不存在似的。与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。2.Helooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。3.Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.看来天气很快就会好起来。实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。讲明：asif/asthough可以以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：Hestaredatmeas
16、ifseeingmeforfirsttime.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.他清了清嗓子，像要讲什么似的。比拟状语从句1Youseemtoknowmusicaswellasyouknowastronomy(天文学).(as-as构造)2Therewasnogardensolovelyashisinthiscity.(noso-as构造)3Finallyhehasmadeasmuchmoneyashewanted.(as+adj+n.+as构造)4Yourwatchisnotthesameashis.(thes
17、ameas构造)5Inevermetsuchamanasyouryoungerbrother.(such-as构造)6Shestudiesmorediligentlythanherclassmates.(morethan构造)7Nootherbookhashadagreaterinfluenceonmylife.(否认词和比拟级连用表示最高级含义。)8Thisteacherexplainedtheproblemmoreclearlythananyotherteacher.(比拟级与“anyotherone连用表示最高级含义。)9Themoreyouread,thebetterwillyouwr
18、ite.(themore-themore构造)11)Heearnednomorethan800dollarsamonth.他一个月只挣800美元。no+比拟级+than构造.3名词从句名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句，其中有介词与形容词的宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1主语从句Heisateacher.LearningEnglishwellcouldtakeyoualotoftime.a.由what、wh-ever等代词引导的主语从句,一般放在句首，不能用it做形式主语：WhatIwanttoknowishisaddress.Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecre
19、t.Whatevershedidwasright.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.b.由连词that引导的主语从句,在大多数情况下，这个从句都放在句子后部，而用代词it作形式上的主语：ThatImaynotbeabletocomeispossible.=ItispossiblethatImaynotbeabletocome.Thatweneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.=Itisobviousthatweneedmoreequipment.Thathewillrefusetheofferisunlikely.=Itisunlikelythath
20、elrefusetheoffer.c.由连接代词或连接副词或whether引导的主语从句,这个从句能够直接放在句首作主语，可以放到句子后部去，前面用it作形式主语：Whichisthebetterchoiceisobvious.=Itisobviouswhichisthebetterchoice.Whowillgoforthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.=Ithasnotbeendecidedwhowillgoforthemeeting.Wherehelosthisgoldwatchremainedamystery.=Itremainedamysterywherehelo
21、sthisgoldwatch.Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeetisstillaquestion.=Itisstillaquestionwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeet.Whetherhewilljoinuswontmakemuchdifference.=Itwontmakemuchdifferencewhetherhewilljoinus.Whytheoldmanwenttothecastleisstillunknown.=Itisstillunknownwhytheoldmanwenttothecastle.Howhehadmanagedtoa
22、chievesomuchatsuchayoungagefascinatedmanypeople.=Itfascinatedmanypeoplehowhehadmanagedtoachievesomuchatsuchayoungage.2)宾语从句HelikesChineseverymuch.Imsurprisedathisyoungage.a.由that引导的宾语从句，一般做动词的宾语，that能够省略Thelettersays(that)theyareleavingonthe13th.Idontdoubt(that)theywillbeabletoovercomethedifficultie
23、s.SheremindedmethatIhadameetingtoattendthatevening.b.由what，who，which,how，where，when,whether(if)等引导的宾语从句，既能够做动词的宾语，又能够做介词的宾语Idontknowwhetherthesefiguresareaccurate.Illreadwhicheverbookyourecommend.IllshowyouwhatIhaveputdowninmynote-bookHassheinformedyouwhentheyaretoholdthemeeting.Shewasneversatisfied
24、withwhatshehadachieved.Whetherthatisagoodsolutiondependsonhowyoulookatit.c.在某些句型中，十分是带符合宾语的句子中，that引导的从句经常移到后部去，前面用it做形式宾语Weallthoughtitapitythattheconferenceshouldhavebeencancelled.Itookitforgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.d.在“be+形容词这类构造后，that引导的从句，有些在概念上接近宾语，而在构造上却接近状语ImafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.We
25、aresurethatweshallsuccess.Wearefullyconfidentthatwecanovercomethedifficulties.Imnotsurewhethershewouldliketheidea.一些表语性的形容词，如：alarmed，amazed，annoyed，astonished，certain，confident，disappointed，glad，pleased，proud，sad，shocked，sure，surprised，worried，ect.做表语时，后面可跟由that，how等引导的宾语从句。例如：1.Iwasamazedhowhecoul
26、dpasstheexamwithoutattendingthelectures2.HeisconfidentthathewillpasstheBand6examination3.Shewassurprisedhowsimplehisproblemis4.Weareallpleasedthathewillbeabletopassthefinalexamination.3)表语从句Heiskind./Heisateacher.TheSmithsarefromAustralia.Thisiswhereourbasicinterestlies.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoou
27、roriginalplan.WhatIreallywhattoknowishowyouhavemanagedtoremember1000wordswithinanhour.表语从句对主语的内容起解释和阐述的作用；若表语从句用that引起，that起连接作用，不能省略。表语从句可以用连接词how，when，where，why，what引起。由because引起的表语从句通常只用在“thisthatitisbecause构造中。例如：1.OnethingIadmiremostaboutthemisthattheyarehospitable2.Sheworkstoohard；Thatiswhyshe
28、isexhausted3.Imustpointoutthatwhereyouintendtobuildasupermarketiswheretheelderlydoexerciseeveryday4)同位语从句同位语从句是由两个或两个以上同一层次语言单位组成的构造，其中前项与后项所指一样，句法功能一样。同位语从句由that引导，可以由whether，how，why，where，when等来引导。例如：1.Sheignoredtheteachersinstructionthatshemuststudyhard2.ThequestionwhetherornotIshouldhelphiminsuc
29、hacasetroubledmegreatly?定语从句与同位语从句的区别：从连接词上来讲，定语从句的连接词有很多，但同位语从句的连接词只要that；从主从句间的关系来讲，定语从句与主句是附属关系，而同位语从句与主句是并列关系。?在英语中，只要一部分名词能够跟同位语从句，如：idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt.;probability,certainty,likelihood,evidence;oncondition只要,inspiteofthefact例如：Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.IvecomefromMr.Whitewithamessagethathewontbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.Thereisnodoubtthatheisqualifiedforthisjob.Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfled逃走fromthecity.Obviously,therewaslittleprobabilitythattheywouldsucceed,buttheydontmind.