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1、2022初中英语语法总结(从句) 初中英语语法总结(从句)初中英语语法总结（从句）从句分为定语从句，状语从句和名词从句三大类。定语从句又分为限定性和非限定性从句两种，由关系代词或关系副词引导，修饰主句的某个成分。状语从句分为时间、结果、让步、缘由、条件及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句及therebe句型。1定语从句限定性定语从句中that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在从句中作主语或宾语。that作宾语时常可省略，which则不能，而且其后的“不及物动词+介词中的介词不能省略。which作宾语时，先行词与which之间的介词不能省。例如：1.Thefirs
2、tdollthatcouldsay“mama”wasinventedin18302.Thesecondhalfofhisvoyagewasbyfarthemoredangerouspart，duringwhichhesailedroundtheCapeHorn代表a11，anything，something，nothing，much等词时，用that而不用which，that作宾语可省略。例如：1.Icareanythingthathassomethingtodowithit2.Youdbetterdosomethinghepreferstodotopleasehim3.Thatisthela
3、sttimewemeteachother4.Icameacrossthewomanyoutoldmeaboutyesterdaywho和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句的主语和宾语。where是关系副词，用于表示地点的定语从句，而when用来表示时间。whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语。例如:1.HenryFordisthepersonwhoismostresponsiblefordevelopingtheideaofmassproduction2.Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg3.Th
4、enextmorning，whenshecamedowntobreakfast，Marywasbeamingwiththepleasureofanew，greatdiscovery4.Thevisitingprofessorisafamousscientistwhosesonstudiesinmydepartment在下列状况，限定性定语从句的关系代词可以省略：1)当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语；或它们在从句中作介词的宾语，而该介词又在句末时；2)当先行词是that，all，only，everything，something，nothing等代词时，或先行词前有一个最高级形容词修饰时；3)当先
5、行词前有only，any，all，first，no，last等修饰时，或先行词就是time，moment，way(anyway)，direction，distance等名词时，关系代词即可省略。例如：1.Thedelegationwehadbeenwaitingforfinallyarrived2.Imetthewomanyoutoldmeabout3.Shegavemeallshecouldafford4.WithTVwecanseethingshappenalmostattheexactmomenttheyarehappening非限定性定语从句，其作用为：对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明，它
6、与主句用逗号隔开。此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，which可代表前面的整个句子；代表人时只能用who，whom，而不能用that；as也可用作关系代词。例如:1.Thetelephone，asweknow，wastheinventionofAlexanderGrahamBell2.TheLittleWhiteHouseinWarmSpringswastheGeorgiahomePresident3.FranklinDRoosevelt，whodiedthereonApril12，19454.Livinginadamphouseforalongtimeisharmfult
7、ooneshealth，whichisknowntoeveryone2状语从句状语从句可分为：时间状语从句(主要由when，whenever，after，before，a5，slnce，once，assoonas初中英语语法总结，Until，while等连词引导)，结果状语从句(由sothat和suchthat连接)，让步状语从句(由though，although，nomatter，evenif初中英语语法总结，however初中英语语法总结，whatever等词引导)，缘由状语从句(由as，because，since和for引导)，条件状语从句(由if，whether，aslongas，pr
8、ovidedthat等词引导)，地点状语从句(由where引导)，行为方式状语从句(由as引导)。有时条件状语从句中，主句不行以用将来时，而用一般时代替。例如：1.ThesmallgreenishflowersoftheelmtreeappearintheSpring，longbeforetheleavesgrow.2.QiongYaosnovelsusedtobesopopularthatherbooksappearedonbest-sellerlists.3.Gasballoonislesssafethanhotballoonbecauseitmaycatchfire.4.Uniforma
9、cceleration(同样的加速)occursiftherateofchangeremainsthesameoversuccessiveequalintervalsoftime5.ThousandsofChinesecollegestudentswenttotheUSConsulate6.Shanghai，wheretheyprotestedNATOsbombingatChinasEmbassyinYugoslavia.状语从句中的“主语+be”可以省略，前提是：从句主语和主句主语一样，且从句谓语“be”省略后的结构为“连词+现在分词过去分词介词短语形容词名词短语”。)例如：1.Whenwe
10、llfitted，glassescancorrectmostsightdefectsinhealthyeyes2.Ifnecessary，Iwouldliketoseeyouinyouroffice.3.Althoughseriouslywounded，henevercomplained3名词从句名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句，其中有介词与形容词的宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1）主语从句主语从句常出现在itis+名词、形容词、分词+主语从句”的形式中。例如：1.ItisreportedthatTaiwanesepopsingerMengTingweiwillholdasoloconcert
11、inShanghaisomedaythismonth2.Itmustbepointedoutthatyouhavefailedtomeetthedeadline3.ItusuallyhappenedthatIwaslatebecauseoftrafficjams.主语从句还可用when，where初中英语语法总结，how，why，whether等连接副词，和who，whom，whose，what，which初中英语语法总结，whoever，whatever，whichever等连接代词来引起。例如：1.Howtoarrangethemeetingisnotyourtask2.Whosecand
12、idatewillwintheelectionisthequestionbothpoliticalpartiesareasking3.WhenIleaveismyowndecision.4.Whoeverwillgotothepartywontchangemymindofstayingathome2)宾语从句宾语从句可由that，疑问代词或副词how，why和where等引出。例如：1.Topostponetheconferenceuntilnextmonthindicatedthattheywereunprepared2.Nearlya11thestaffagreedwithwhatIsai
13、d3.Everyoneworriedaboutherbecausenoonewasawareofwhereshehadgone4.Couldyouoffermoredetailsexceptthatithappenedatnight?由what，whether，how引导的宾语从句可用在介词后，而由that引导的从句只跟but，besides，except，in，save之后。例如:1.Icanhardlybelieveinwhattheyhavedone.2.Hedoesntknowmyphonenumberexceptthatthecitycodeis021.一些表语性的形容词，如：ala
14、rmed，amazed，annoyed，astonished，certain，confident，disappointed，glad，pleased，proud，sad，shocked，sure，surprised，worried，ect.做表语时，后面可跟由that，how等引导的宾语从句。例如：1.Iwasamazedhowhecouldpasstheexamwithoutattendingthelectures2.HeisconfidentthathewillpasstheBand6examination3.Shewassurprisedhowsimplehisproblemis4.We
15、areallpleasedthathewillbeabletopassthefinalexamination.3)表语从句表语从句对主语的内容起说明和阐述的作用；若表语从句用that引起，that起连接作用，不能省略。b表语从句也可用连接词how，when，where，why，what引起。由because引起的表语从句通常只用在“thisthatitisbecause”结构中。例如：1.Alogarithm(对数)iswhatisknowninalgebraexponent(代数的指数)2.OnethingIadmiremostaboutthemisthattheyarehospitable
16、3.Sheworkstoohard；Thatiswhysheisexhausted4.Imustpointoutthatwhereyouintendtobuildasuper-marketiswheretheelderlydoexerciseeveryday4)同位语从句同位语从句是由两个或两个以上同一层次语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句法功能相同。同位语从句由that引导，也可由whether初中英语语法总结，how，why，where，when等来引导。例如：1.Sheignoredtheteachersinstructionthatshemuststudyhard2.The
17、questionwhetherornotIshouldhelphiminsuchacasetroubledmegreatly扩展阅读：初中英语语法总结(从句)初中英语语法总结(从句)清华高校英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.官方网站：清华高校英语教授50年探讨成果初中英语语法总结（从句）从句分为定语从句，状语从句和名词从句三大类。定语从句又分为限定性和非限定性从句两种，由关系代词或关系副词引导，修饰主句的某个成分。状语从句分为时间、结果、让步、缘由、条件及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句及therebe句型。1定语从句限定性定语从句中that可代表人和事，而which只
18、代表事；二者在从句中作主语或宾语。that作宾语时常可省略，which则不能，而且其后的不及物动词+介词中的介词不能省略。which作宾语时，先行词与which之间的介词不能省。例如：1.Thefirstdollthatcouldsaymamawasinventedin18302.Thesecondhalfofhisvoyagewasbyfarthemoredangerouspart，duringwhichhesailedroundtheCapeHorn代表a11，anything，something，nothing，much等词时，用that而不用which，that作宾语可省略。例如：1.
19、Icareanythingthathassomethingtodowithit2.Youdbetterdosomethinghepreferstodotopleasehim3.Thatisthelasttimewemeteachother4.Icameacrossthewomanyoutoldmeaboutyesterdaywho和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句的主语和宾语。where是关系副词，用于表示地点的定语从句，而when用来表示时间。whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语。例如:1.HenryFordisthepersonwhoismostresponsiblefordeve
20、lopingtheideaofmassproduction2.Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg3.Thenextmorning，whenshecamedowntobreakfast，Marywasbeamingwiththepleasureofanew，greatdiscovery4.Thevisitingprofessorisafamousscientistwhosesonstudiesinmydepartment在下列状况，限定性定语从句的关系代词可以省略：1)当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语；或
21、它们在从句中作介词的宾语，而该介词又在句末时；2)当先行词是that，all，only，everything，something，nothing等代词时，或先行词前有一个最高级形容词修饰时；3)当先行词前有only，any，all，first，no，last等修饰时，或先行词就是time，moment，way(anyway)，direction，distance等名词时，关系代词即可省略。例如：1.Thedelegationwehadbeenwaitingforfinallyarrived2.Imetthewomanyoutoldmeabout3.Shegavemeallshecouldaff
22、ord4.WithTVwecanseethingshappenalmostattheexactmomenttheyarehappening非限定性定语从句，其作用为：对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明，它与主句用逗号隔开。此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，which可代表前面的整个句子；代表人时只能用who，whom，而不能用that；as也可用作关系代词。例如:1.Thetelephone，asweknow，wastheinventionofAlexanderGrahamBell2.TheLittleWhiteHouseinWarmSpringswastheGeorgiahom
23、ePresident3.FranklinDRoosevelt，whodiedthereonApril12，19454.Livinginadamphouseforalongtimeisharmfultooneshealth，whichisknowntoeveryone2状语从句状语从句可分为：时间状语从句(主要由when，whenever，after，before，a5，slnce，once，assoonas初中英语语法总结，Until，while等连词引导)，结果状语从句(由sothat和suchthat连接)，让步状语从句(由though，although，nomatter，evenif初中
24、英语语法总结，however初中英语语法总结，whatever等词引导)，缘由状语从句(由as，because，since和for引导)，条件状语从句(由if，whether，aslongas，providedthat等词引导)，地点状语从句(由where引导)，行为方式状语从句(由as引导)。有时条件状语从句中，主句不行以用将来时，而用一般时代替。例如：1.ThesmallgreenishflowersoftheelmtreeappearintheSpring，longbeforetheleavesgrow.2.QiongYaosnovelsusedtobesopopularthatherb
25、ooksappearedonbest-sellerlists.3.Gasballoonislesssafethanhotballoonbecauseitmaycatchfire.4.Uniformacceleration(同样的加速)occursiftherateofchangeremainsthesameoversuccessiveequalintervalsoftime5.ThousandsofChinesecollegestudentswenttotheUSConsulate6.Shanghai，wheretheyprotestedNATOsbombingatChinasEmbassyi
26、nYugoslavia.状语从句中的主语+be可以省略，前提是：从句主语和主句主语一样，且从句谓语be省略后的结构为连词+现在分词过去分词介词短语形容词名词短语。)例如：1.Whenwellfitted，glassescancorrectmostsightdefectsinhealthyeyes2.Ifnecessary，Iwouldliketoseeyouinyouroffice.3.Althoughseriouslywounded，henevercomplained3名词从句名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句，其中有介词与形容词的宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1）主语从句主语从句常出现在it
27、is+名词、形容词、分词+主语从句的形式中。例如：1.ItisreportedthatTaiwanesepopsingerMengTingweiwillholdasoloconcertinShanghaisomedaythismonth2.Itmustbepointedoutthatyouhavefailedtomeetthedeadline3.ItusuallyhappenedthatIwaslatebecauseoftrafficjams.主语从句还可用when，where初中英语语法总结，how，why，whether等连接副词，和who，whom，whose，what，which初中英
28、语语法总结，whoever，whatever，whichever等连接代词来引起。例如：1.Howtoarrangethemeetingisnotyourtask2.Whosecandidatewillwintheelectionisthequestionbothpoliticalpartiesareasking3.WhenIleaveismyowndecision.4.Whoeverwillgotothepartywontchangemymindofstayingathome2)宾语从句宾语从句可由that，疑问代词或副词how，why和where等引出。例如：1.Topostponethe
29、conferenceuntilnextmonthindicatedthattheywereunprepared2.Nearlya11thestaffagreedwithwhatIsaid3.Everyoneworriedaboutherbecausenoonewasawareofwhereshehadgone4.Couldyouoffermoredetailsexceptthatithappenedatnight?由what，whether，how引导的宾语从句可用在介词后，而由that引导的从句只跟but，besides，except，in，save之后。例如:1.Icanhardlybel
30、ieveinwhattheyhavedone.2.Hedoesntknowmyphonenumberexceptthatthecitycodeis021.一些表语性的形容词，如：alarmed，amazed，annoyed，astonished，certain，confident，disappointed，glad，pleased，proud，sad，shocked，sure，surprised，worried，ect.做表语时，后面可跟由that，how等引导的宾语从句。例如：1.Iwasamazedhowhecouldpasstheexamwithoutattendingthelectur
31、es2.HeisconfidentthathewillpasstheBand6examination3.Shewassurprisedhowsimplehisproblemis4.Weareallpleasedthathewillbeabletopassthefinalexamination.3)表语从句表语从句对主语的内容起说明和阐述的作用；若表语从句用that引起，that起连接作用，不能省略。b表语从句也可用连接词how，when，where，why，what引起。由because引起的表语从句通常只用在thisthatitisbecause结构中。例如：1.Alogarithm(对数)
32、iswhatisknowninalgebraexponent(代数的指数)2.OnethingIadmiremostaboutthemisthattheyarehospitable3.Sheworkstoohard；Thatiswhysheisexhausted4.Imustpointoutthatwhereyouintendtobuildasuper-marketiswheretheelderlydoexerciseeveryday4)同位语从句同位语从句是由两个或两个以上同一层次语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句法功能相同。同位语从句由that引导，也可由whether初中英语
33、语法总结，how，why，where，when等来引导。例如：1.Sheignoredtheteachersinstructionthatshemuststudyhard2.ThequestionwhetherornotIshouldhelphiminsuchacasetroubledmegreatly清华高校英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：清华高校英语教授50年探讨成果哈佛高校英语系探讨，美国布什举荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站：哈佛高校英语教授探讨组供应201*中考英语100条重点短语归纳1.down:putdown放下shutdown把关上cutdown砍掉come
34、down下来、落下slowdown减缓、放慢sitdown坐下writedown写下getdown下来,着陆2.after:afterall终归.终究afterthat于是.然后dayafterday日复一日地oneafteranother相继.挨次soonafter不久以后thedayaftertomorrow后天3.up(with):comeupwith找到、提出catchupwith赶上wakeup弄醒、醒来sendup放射openup开设、开办growup长大pickup捡起、捡起handsup举手eatup吃光cleanup打扫干净giveupdoingsth.=stopdoings
35、th.放弃做某事4.到达：arriveat/in+n.(地方)=getto+n.(地方)=reach+n.(地方)=arrive/get+adv.(地方)5.back:getback退还,送回去.取回giveback归还comeback回来atthebackof在的后面ontheway(back)home在回家路上6.at:atleast至少atbreakfast早餐时atdesk在桌前atonce立即,立刻atschool在上学atthedoctors在医务室atwork在工作atnight在晚上atnoon中午begoodat=dowellin善长bebadat不善长laughat讪笑no
36、tatall一点也不attheageof在岁时atfirst起初atlast=intheend=finally最终、最终atthebeginningof(the21stcentury)在21世纪初of在终点、结尾atChristmas在圣诞节atthefootof在脚下atthemoment=now现在atanymoment任何时候attimes(sometimes)有时,间或atthesametime同时7.for:attheendforexample例如forever恒久begoodfor对有益bebadfor对有害forlong=foralongtime长期forshort简称besho
37、rtfor是的简称e:cometrue实现comedown下来comefrom=befrom来自,诞生于comein/into进入,进来comeon赶快,加油comeover过来comealong走吧,过来,快点comeandgo来来去去comeup上来comeout出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来9.even：eventhough=evenif即使、虽然、尽管10.bewith/of:bepleasedwith对感到满足becoveredwith被覆盖beexpectedtodosth.被期望做某事beproudof以骄傲beafraidof胆怯speakhighlyof赞扬hearof听说
38、/(hearfromsb.收到某人的来信)ofcause=certainly当然可以plentyof=alotof很多11.by:bytheway顺便说byoneself单独,独自bytheendof到为至onebyone依次bythetime(引起时间状语从句)到的时候byair/plane乘飞机bybus/train/car乘公共汽车/火车/轿车相关：catchabus赶公交车geton/offthebus上/下车takeabusto=gotobybus乘车去12.do:do/tryonesbest尽力dooneshomework做家庭作业do(the/some)shopping购物dot
39、hecooking烹饪dosomecleaning打扫dothe/somewashing洗衣服dosport做运动dowithsb/sth.处理welldone干得好13.early:intheearlymorning一大早intheearlyspring初春earlybus早班车inmyearlydays我幼年时期14.to:makeacontributionto贡献给、捐献makeatelephonecalltosb.=ringsb.up=givesb.acall=phonesb.给某人打电话connectAtoB把A与B连接起来becloseto靠近(某地)givebirthto生(孩子
40、)losetosb输给sb.15.either:eitheror或者或者.oneithersideofthestreet街道任何一边/(oneachsideofthestreet街道每一边onbothsidesofthestreet街道两边)16.doingsth.:keepdoingsth.不停地做某事(不间断的连续)keepondoingsth.坚持做某事(有间断的连续)practisedoingsth.练习做某事enjoydoingsth.喜爱做某事finishdoingsth.做完某事goondoingsth.接着做某事(同一件事)17.go:goontodosth.接着做某事(另一事
41、)gostraightalong沿着始终往前走goup/down上升/下降goforawalk漫步goover复习goshopping买东西gotothecinema去看电影gowell进展顺当gooffto=leavefor动身(动身)前往gotowork去上班wantago想试一试18.about:talkabout谈论worryabout担忧How/Whatabout?怎么样?thinkabout考虑相关：thinkof认为、想起、考虑、想到thinkover细致考虑thinkout想出19.from:fromdoortodoor挨家挨户fromtimetotime时时fromnowon
42、从今以后fromthenon从那以后bedifferentfrom与不同learnfrom向学习borrowfrom从借.相关：lendto把借给20.get:getdressed穿衣getinto进入get/belost丢失getoff/on下/上车getonwellwithsb.与某人相处得好getoutof从出来getwarm变暧getreadyfor+n.为做打算getreadytodosth.打算做某事getwell康复getachance有机会、得到机会get/gotosleep(fallasleep)入睡相关：(beasleep睡着)21.look:lookfor找寻waitfo
43、r等候lookafter=takecareof照看looklike看起来像lookthesame看起来一样lookover检查,复习lookthrough温习,检查lookout当心,从里向外看lookup向上看,查单词lookaround环视lookforwardto期望22.off:setoff动身、动身putoff推迟turnoff关takeoff脱(衣),(飞机)起飞jumpoff跳离keepoff避开、不靠近dropoff放下(某物)23.half:halfakilo半千克halfanhour半小时inhalf分成两半halfoftheday半天24.exercise：doeye/m
44、orningexercises做眼保健/早操take(more)exercise(多)参与体育熬炼anexercisebook练习本25.in:takepartin参与handin上交inhospital住院insurprise惊讶地inthesun在阳光下introuble处于逆境inaminute/moment立刻26.on:feedon以为主食liveon接着活着baseon以为依据carryon坚持、接着下去andsoon等等ontheotherhand另一方面onfoot步行28.be介词：befamousfor以.闻名beborn诞生beexcitedabout+n./V-ing对
45、感到兴奋beinterestedin对感爱好beamazedat对.感到惊异bebusywithsth.=bebusydoingsth.忙于29.move:moveaway移开moveto(搬)移到30.上网：searchtheInternet上网31.make:makesure确信makeadialogue编对话makeamistake犯错误(bymistake由于疏忽)makeanoise吵闹makefaces做鬼脸makefriends(with)和.交挚友makeroomfor给.让地方maketea沏茶makemoney赚钱makeadecision作出确定32.use:usedto
46、dosth过去经常做某事beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事33.丢三落四：leavesth+介词短语(insomeplace)把落在某处34.todosth.:forgettodosth.遗忘去做某事encouragesb.todosth.激励某人做某事,decidetodosth.确定做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事35.hear:hearsb.todosth.=hearsb.doingsth.听见某人(正在)做某事36.withsth.:helpsb.(to)dosth.=helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事withoneshelp在某人的帮助下wi
47、thpleasure乐意37.寒/暑假：thesummerholiday(s)暑假thewinterholiday(s)寒假38.into:stepinto走进pourinto倒入39.first:inthefirst第一forthefirsttime第一次atfirst起初afirstlanguage母语firstofall首先40.message:leaveamessageforsb.给某人留条give/takesb.amessage给某人捎口信41.take:takephotos/pictures照像takeaway拿走takeout取出(workout算出)takecare当心take
48、medicine服药takeplace发生takeonestemperature量体温takeonestime别焦急takeawalk漫步42.learn：learnbyoneself=teachoneself自学learnbyheart背熟43.一年半：ayearandahalf(oneandahalfyears)一年半44.have:haveatry尝试,努力tryout尝试、试验findout/about找出,查明havenoidea不知道haveagood/wonderful/greattime玩得快乐havea(bad)cold(重)感冒haveameeting/walk/watch开会/漫步/竞赛havesports进行体育活动haven