《2022鄂尔多斯在职硕士备考-MBA英语第二套模拟题6_鄂尔多斯.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022鄂尔多斯在职硕士备考-MBA英语第二套模拟题6_鄂尔多斯.docx（5页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2022鄂尔多斯在职硕士备考-MBA英语第二套模拟题6_鄂尔多斯Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEERT1.(10points)Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplis
2、hedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lesscon
3、cernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribusOnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(or
4、virtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.Overtime,theat
5、tributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartistspersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplores.Thevaluableexam
6、pleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,wroteSmiles.whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimselfHisbiographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidet
7、heworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.CommunistManifesto
8、.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles:Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:Menmaketheirownhistory,b
9、uttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Histo
10、ryfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstandingfromgendertoracetoculturalstudieswereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.41.Petrarch42.NiccoloMachiavellli43.SamuelSmiles44.Th
11、omasCarlyle45.MarxandEngels Aemphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes. Bhighlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingartists. Cfocusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveswerehardtoimitate. Dopenedupnewrealmsofunderstandingthegreatmeninhistory. Eheldthathistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle. Fdismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessfulleaders. Gdepictedtheworthylivesofengineerindustrialistsandexplorers.参考答案：新题型：41-45：AFGCE