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1、1.1.副词的分类副词的分类 副词按照其词汇意义一般分为以下副词按照其词汇意义一般分为以下5类类: 时间副词时间副词, 如如: now, soon, ago, today, early, finally, once, recently, already地点副词地点副词, 如如: here, downstairs, above, back, upwards, nearby, off, outside方式副词方式副词, 如如: carefully, fast, angrily, warmly, suddenly, slowly, really, excitedly程度副词程度副词, 如如: alm
2、ost, seldom, often, usually, sometimes, occasionally副词按照其句法功能副词按照其句法功能, , 一般分为以下一般分为以下4 4类类: : 一般副词包括上述一般副词包括上述时间、地点、程度、时间、地点、程度、频度频度等副词等副词, , 主要在句中作主要在句中作状语、状语、 定定语、表语、宾语补足语和介词宾语。语、表语、宾语补足语和介词宾语。疑问副词疑问副词, 如如: how, when, where, why 放放在特殊疑问句句首。在特殊疑问句句首。关系副词关系副词, 如如: when, where, why, whether, 引导定语从句。
3、引导定语从句。 连接副词连接副词, 如如: how, when, where, why, whether, 引导名词性从句。引导名词性从句。 2. 频度副词通常放在动词前面。频度副词通常放在动词前面。 如如: I hardly ever heard him singing. 我几乎从未听他唱过歌。我几乎从未听他唱过歌。 They occasionally saw him walking along the river bank. 他们偶尔看见他在河边散步。他们偶尔看见他在河边散步。 He seldom went back to his hometown. 他很少回故乡去。他很少回故乡去。如果句
4、子里有情态动词、助动词或动词如果句子里有情态动词、助动词或动词be, 就放在这类动词就放在这类动词 (的第一个的第一个) 的后面。的后面。 如如:You must always keep this in mind. 这一点你要经常记在心里。这一点你要经常记在心里。 Do you often go to the cinema? 你经常去看电影吗？你经常去看电影吗？He has never been late for the meeting. 他开会从不迟到。他开会从不迟到。 She is seldom ill. 她很少生病。她很少生病。3. 几个副词同时出现在一个句子中几个副词同时出现在一个句子
5、中, 一般一般 的次序是的次序是: 方式副词地点副词时间方式副词地点副词时间 副词副词 (时间副词也可置于句首时间副词也可置于句首)。如如: He was born in Beijing in the year 1980. 他他1980年出生在北京。年出生在北京。 They were all working hard in the fields at 10:00 yesterday. 昨天昨天10点的时候他们正在田野里辛勤点的时候他们正在田野里辛勤 劳动。劳动。该次序也适用于由其他词或词组组成的该次序也适用于由其他词或词组组成的相应的状语相应的状语, 即即:方式状语地点状语方式状语地点状语时间
6、状语。时间状语。如如:Uncle Tom died suddenly in Paris in 1980. 汤姆叔叔于汤姆叔叔于1980年突然在巴黎去世。年突然在巴黎去世。After the war, the hero returned with pride to his hometown. 战后战后, 那位英雄自豪地返回了家乡。那位英雄自豪地返回了家乡。4. 程度副词一般都放在它所修饰的词程度副词一般都放在它所修饰的词的后面。的后面。 如：如： I am terribly sorry for what I said to you. 我对我所说的话感到万分抱歉。我对我所说的话感到万分抱歉。 He
7、 doesnt quite agree with you. 他不完全同意你所说的话。他不完全同意你所说的话。We have completely finished the project. 我们已全部完成了这项工程。我们已全部完成了这项工程。 He almost fell onto the ground. 他差点摔倒在地上。他差点摔倒在地上。5. 疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词和一疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词和一些形容这个句子的副词些形容这个句子的副词, 通常都放在通常都放在句子句子(或从句或从句) 的开头。的开头。如：如： How do you like the book you bought
8、 yesterday? 昨天买的书你觉得怎么样？昨天买的书你觉得怎么样？Obviously the taxi driver is to be blamed for the accident. 显显然然, 这位出租车司机应该为这起事故这位出租车司机应该为这起事故受到责备。受到责备。 Certainly we should try our best to help this child. 我们的确应该尽力帮助这个孩子。我们的确应该尽力帮助这个孩子。6. 方式副词通常位于动词方式副词通常位于动词(和宾语和宾语)的后面。的后面。如如: She does everything carefully. 她做
9、什么事都很细心。她做什么事都很细心。 In the end he passed the exam successfully. 最后最后, 他成功地通过了考试。他成功地通过了考试。 He is always treating other people rudely. 他待人总是很粗鲁。他待人总是很粗鲁。 Look at the words in bold in these sentences and follow the instructions.A Martial arts films are often enjoyable but they are seldom great art.B ch
10、aracters leap through the air every now and then C Films like this rarely reach the big screen.D Wuxia films are popular in ChinaE Ang Lee had never directed a martial arts film before.F It has occasionally been done.G Do you often go to the cinema?1. Underline the single words that tell us how ofte
11、n something happens. With the verb to be, do these words come (a) after is or are? (b) before is or are？ Do these words come (a) before the auxiliary verb? (b) after the auxiliary verb?Do they come (a) before the main verb? (b) After the main verb?2. Find a phrase that tells us how often something h
12、appens. Does it come (a) before the main verb? (b) towards the end of the sentence?3. Find a phrase that tell us where something happens. Does it come (a) before the main verb? (b) towards the end of the sentences?Divide these phrases into two groups.1. words and phrases that tell us how often somet
13、hing happens 2. phrases that tell us where something happens occasionally, (every) now and then,in the west (of the country), three times a week, seldom,from time to time, between the houses, once a week, rarely, at the end (of the road), through the air, every two daysWhere:in the west (of the coun
14、try) / between the houses /at the end (of the road) /through the air How often: occasionally/(every) now and then /three times a week/ seldom/ from time to time/once a week/rarely/ every two daysA. We always watch telly in the morning as we ear our breakfast in the kitchen.B. I watch films all the t
15、ime at the weekend. C. I saw a brilliant one yesterday.D. Everyone in it acts so brilliantly.Read the sentences and answer the questions.1. Is brilliant an adjective (describing a noun) or an adverb (telling you about a verb)? adjective describing “one” (pronoun for “film”) 2. How do you make adverb
16、s from adjectives? Can you make an adverb from the word quick? You frequently add-ly to the end of the adjective, e.g. quickly3. Can you find words and phrases that answer these questions: When? Where? How? When?: as we eat our breakfast; in the morning; all the time; at the weekend; yesterday Where
17、?: in the kitchen How?: brilliantly Work in pairs. Look at the sentences below. What is the order of When? Where? How? Adverbs in these sentences?1. The child plays happily in his bedroom every evening. how? (happily) where? (in his bedroom) when? (every evening)2. Mrs Wang cleaned the house careful
18、ly yesterday. how? (carefully) when? (yesterday)3. The students wait quietly at the bus stop each day. how? (quietly) where? (at the bus stop) when? (each day)Work in pairs. Put the words in the sentences below in the correct order.1. a I of supermarket at yesterday spent lot money the I spent a lot
19、 of money at the supermarket yesterday. 2. street walked down man the quickly the The man walked quickly down the street. 3. well you yesterday played You played well yesterday.4. worked today student hard the have The students have worked hard today.5. her before carefully talk think you to Think c
20、arefully before you talk to her.6. the were loudly yesterday boys corridor the talking in The boys were talking loudly in the corridor yesterday. 7. in to drove morning airport they early the They drove to the airport early in the morning. 1. I can _ be a teacher. Im not a very patient person. A. se
21、ldom B. ever C. never D. always2. In the good care of the nurses, the boy is _ recovering from his heart operation. A. quietly B. actually C. frequently D. gradually3. How was the match last night? Super! Rarely _ so much media attention. A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did
22、 attract D. attracted a debate4. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have _ heard of her. A. even B. ever C. just D. never5. As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only _. A. occasionally B. anxiously C. practicallyD. urgently6. Maybe you have been to many countries, but no
23、where else _ such a beautiful palace. A. can you find B. you could find C. you can find D. could you find7. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _ so lonely as now. A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. had I felt8. Never in my wildest dreams _ these people are living in such poor conditions. A. I could imagine B. could I imagine C. I couldnt imagine D. couldnt I imagine1. Remember the rules in the lesson.2. Finish the exercises in the workbook.