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1、病史的作用病史的作用病史是医生将与病人或知情人交谈中收集到的病情或有资料整理编排后所作的记录。接下来我为大家整理病史的作用,希望对你有帮助哦!Adetailedpatienthistoryandphysicalexamformthefoundationofpatientevaluationandvitalpatientdatathatenablesefficient,qualitypatientrounds.Ontheotherhand,apoorlydocumentedhistoryandphysicalmayleadstoconfusion,seriousomissionofvitalda
2、taandinefficiencyonpatientrounds.InthisageofmoderntechnologywithequipmentsuchasCT,MRIandPETscanners,thehistoryandphysicalexamseemtobeslowlyevolvingintoarelicofapastera!Bothattendingphysiciansaswellasresidentsintrainingseemtorelymoreheavilyonlaboratoryandimagingmodalitiesthanhistorytoestablishthediag
3、nosis.Howevernopartofthepatientevaluationismoreessentialtodiagnosisthanthepatienthistory.Theimportanceofskillfuldatacollectionisunderscoredbythewidelyacceptedunderstandingthatthemedicalhistorycontributes60%to80%oftheinformationneededforaccuratediagnoses.Thustoneglectthepatienthistorydeniesthephysici
4、anofavitaldiagnostictool.Thebasicoutlinestructureforthepatienthistoryandphysicalexamusuallyincludesthefollowing:lIdentification:patientname,age,gender,race,andoccupationlChiefComplaint:(inthepatientswords)lHPI:(historyofpresentillness)lPMHx:(pastmedicalhistory)lMedications:shouldincludecurrentmedsas
5、wellasmedicationallergieslROS:reviewofsystemslSocialHx.:includesfamilysituation(married,divorced,single),habits;cigarettes,alcoholorillicitdruguse,sexualbehaviorlPhysicalExam:lImpression/Diagnosis:lTreatmentPlan:lSelf-introduction:Uponarrivalatthepatientsbedside,thephysicianshouldfirsttrytoestablish
6、rapportwiththepatientbyusingnonverbalcuessuchasmaintainingeyecontactorextendingahandtoshakethepatientshand(ifculturallyacceptable).Thephysicianorstudentshouldfirstintroducehimorherselfandstatetheirreasonforthevisit.Also,theyshouldaskthepatientspermissiontointerviewthem.Hereareafewspecificpointsabout
7、eachsectionofthehistoryoutline:1.Identification-Thisshouldincludethepatientsname,age,sex,raceandoccupationforexample:Mr.Jonesisa55yr.OldCaucasianmalewhoworksasafarmer.Thepatientsnamewritteninthehistoryallowsfutureinterviewerstoaddressthepatientbyhisnamewhichconveysasenseofpatientrespect.Theage,race,
8、sexandoccupationareanimportantasmanydiseasesarenotonlygenderandagedependent,butmayalsooccurmorecommonlyinspecificethnicandoccupationgroups.2.Chiefcomplaint-Thisshouldbewritteninthepatientswords.Forexamplechestpainratherthanangina.Alsothedurationofthechiefcomplaintshouldbenotedchestpainfor1hour.Befor
9、emovingontotheHPI,itwouldbeappropriatetoperformasurveyofproblemsaskingthepatientifthereareanyothercurrentproblemsbotheringthem.Oncethesehavebeenlisted,theinterviewercancomebacktotheoriginalChiefComplaintthepatientpresentedwithandobtainthedetailsintheHPI.Howeverassociatedsymptomsshouldbedescriedinthe
10、HPI.一份具体的病史和体检是评估患者的基础,可以为组织高质量、高效率的查房提供重要的资料。另一方面,写得差的病史和体检可能会引起混淆,导致重要资料的遗漏和查房效率的低下。在这个具有当代化设备如CT、MRI、PET的年代里,病史和体格检查似乎已渐渐地成为一种历史遗物。无论是主治医生或住院医生都似乎越来越依靠于实验室和影像学检查而不是病史来明确诊断。然而对诊断来讲,没有一种评估手段比病人的病史更重要。尽管普遍以为病史可提供准确诊断所需的60%一80%的信息,但有效地采集资料的技能仍被低估了。所以若忽略了患者的病史就意味着剥夺了医生的一种最重要的诊断工具。病史和体格检查的基本框架内容通常包括下面内
11、容:l身份证实:患者姓名,年龄,性别,种族和职业l主述:(用患者的话表达)lHPI:现病史lPMHx:过去史l药物史:包括如今使用的药物以及药物过敏史lROS:系统回首l社会史:包括婚姻状态(已婚、离婚、单身)、习惯、吸烟、饮酒或吸毒、冶游史l体格检查:l诊断:l治疗方案:l自己介绍:到达病人床边时,医生应通过非言语的方式如保持视线的接触或伸手去和病人握手(假如风俗上能够接受)来与病人建立融洽的关系。医生或医学生首先应自己介绍并解释来看病人的原因,并且应在沟通前获得病人的同意。下面是病史相关部分的讲明:1.身份证实-这应该包括病人的姓名、年龄、性别、种族和职业。比方琼斯先生是一位55岁的白人男
12、性,职业是农民。在病史中写明患者的姓名有利于以后的人员用病人的姓名来和他打招呼,这样会使病人产生一种受尊重感。年龄、种族、性别、和职业都非常重要,由于很多疾病不仅与性别和年龄有关,并且在特定的种族或职业人群中更为常见。2.主述-主述应该用病人的语言来写。比方胸痛而不是心绞痛。而且应同时写明主诉的时间如胸痛1小时。在开场收集现病史之前,应补充问病人能否还有其他不适症状。一旦发现有其他症状应补充到主诉中,并在现病史中具体描绘。但伴随症状应在现病史中描绘。病史的作用病史是医生将与病人或知情人交谈中收集到的病情或有资料整理编排后所作的记录。接下来我为大家整理病史的作用,希望对你有帮助哦!Adetailedpatienthistoryandphysicalexamformthefoundationofpatientevaluationandvita推荐度: