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1、The Art of English Public Speaking 英语演讲艺术英语演讲艺术1.Required Prepared Speeches (命题/定题演讲)特点：specific purpose 主题鲜明 identical theme 针对性强 definite content 内容稳定 complete structure 结构完整一The Classifications of Public Speaking (演讲的分类)2.Impromptu Speeches (即兴演讲)要求：keep to the point 紧扣主题 be coherent 注意条理 organiz
2、e ideas promptly 迅速组合 be brief 言简意赅3.Debates (论辩演讲)特点：tit for tat 针锋相对二.The Basic Qualities of Public Speaking（演讲者应该具备的基本素质）Plainness 简单是演讲的生命Frankness 知百事演讲的要义Passion 情感是演讲的灵性Observation 观察 perception 领悟 expression 表达优秀演讲者应该具备的特点：clarity (口齿清晰) ， fluency （语言流畅），accuracy and elegance （发音准确，优美）， natu
3、ral tone （语调自然） ，pace （节奏变化）， pause （注意停顿）， facial expression（面部表情），eye contact（眼神交流），gestures and postures （手势姿势）， use of rhetoric（修辞技巧的运用），genuine emotion（情感真挚）。三.Speech and Linguistic Competence (演讲稿与语言能力)（一）.The Preparation for a Speech （怎样准备演讲稿）1.Original Content 内容新颖2.Appropriate Viewpoints 观点
4、适切3.Logical Thinking 注意逻辑4.Impressive Expression 表达生动5.Time Control 时间控制(二).Linguistic Competence about Public Speech (演讲语言基本功训练)1.演讲稿的措辞 (diction) , 修辞 (rhetoric) 通常，爆破音（plosives)和摩擦音(fricatives)可以增强演讲的气势和力度。 在音韵模式方面可运用韵律（rhyme)，头韵(alliteration)，行间韵(internal rhyme)，辅音韵(consonance)，半韵(assonance)和尾韵(
5、end rhyme)。例如：I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generation and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.这里stand,
6、 sacrifice, service押头韵；nation, cooperation, transition押尾韵；humble, trust为半韵；stand, task, have, sacrifices, ancestors, thank和transition为行间韵。 在句式运用方面，长句与短句要错落有致，句式要多样化。通常问句能调动听众参与思考的积极性；倒装句可以引起关注；排比句能增强气势。例如：“we are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. From this nothing will turn us - nothing. We will never parley , we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air until, with gods