初中英语语法总复习.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 词类。中学语法复习可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结词类英语名称意义例词名词The Noun 缩写为 n表示人或事物的名称basket, mouth, hospital, year, train冠词The Article art用在名词前帮忙说明名词所指的人或事物a, an, the代词The Pronoun pron用来代替名词、形容词或数词they, his, him, mine, which, alllong,empt

2、y,heavy,different,cheap,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结形容词The Adjective adj用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特点hungry可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结数词The Numeral num表示数量或次序three, thirteen, twenty, second动词The Verb v表示动作或状态hear, write, swim, eat, borrow, singquickly, early, out, soon, then,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结副词The Adverb adv修饰动词

3、、形容词或其他副词The Preposition介词prep表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系The Conjunctionsometimesfrom,with,at,into,behind,between, for可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结连词感叹词(一) 名词:用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句and, or, but, so, becauseconjThe Interjection表示说话时的欢乐、惊奇等情感oh, hey, ouch, well, there, dearinterj可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结专出名词:表示人名、月份、日期、的名

4、等。如China, John, London, the USA, Harbin .个体名词:表示单个的人或事物。如boat, chair, desk, apple .集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如family, people, class, police .可数名词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 29 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载一般名词物质名

5、词:表示无法分为个体的物质。如water, air, tea, sea, money, cotton .抽象名词:表示抽象概念的词。如health, help, work, friendship .不行数名词2名词的数。可数名词有单复数,不行数名词没有单复数。3名词的格:名词有三个格:主格(作主语)、宾格(作宾语) 、和全部格。其中只出名词的全部格有形式变化。(二)冠词1定冠词 the . 1特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。The students are very good. 2说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物。Where isthe toilet . 3重复提到上文的人或事物。I have a

6、 cat ,thecat is white and black . 4表示世界上独一无二的事物。The moon moves aroundthe earth . 5形容词最高级和序数词前和表示方位的名词前。I am theoldest .He isthefirsttoschool.Iliveinthesouth. 6乐器的名称前常用定冠词the。I like playingthe piano / violin . 7和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表某一类人。We should help the poor . 8放在某些专出名词前。We will go to visit the Great

7、 Wall next week .the peoples Republic of China . 9放在姓氏的复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇两人。The Whites are watching TV . 10固定词组中。 In the morning / afternoon / evening .2不定冠词 a / an . 1指人或事物的某一种类。A horse isa useful animal.A table has four legs.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 29 页 - - - - - -

8、 - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结factory. 2指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。Pass me a pencil, please. We write witha pen. 3指某人或某物,但不详细说明何人或何物。The book was written by a peasant. Last month we were workingin a 4不定冠词仍可以指“事物的单位” ,如“每日”、“每斤”等。Hereisa let

9、terforyou .The meat is18 yuan a kilo.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3零冠词。 1泛指人类或男女。 Man will conquer nature . 2抽象名词在用来表示它的一般概念时,通常不加冠词。Knowledge begins with practice . 3有些个体名词有时可以转化成具有抽象意义,其前面也常不加冠词。We had better send him to hospital at once. 4在专出名词前一般不用冠词。China is a great country. Mr Smith is an artist. 5

10、在三餐饭何球类运动名称之前不用冠词。He oftengoes outfora walk aftersupper.SometimesIplaybasketball. 6在节假日、星期几、月份、季节等名词前。October 10th is Teachers Day. 7称呼语或表示头衔、职务的名词前不用冠词。Granny is sleeping now.We call him monitor. 8在语言名词前,名词前有指示代词、物主代词或数词时,不用冠词。This is his book. I can speak English . 9不用冠词的惯用语。 At night / on food /

11、go to town / at home / in class / at work等。(三)形容词1 形容词的构成。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 29 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结sleeping . 1简洁形容词由一个单词构成。Good, long, green, large, bright, inte

12、resting, surprised, learned, developing, 2复合形容词由一个以上的词构成。20-minute, second-hand, 500-word, 8-year-old, three-legged, round-trip,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结part-time, good-looking.2 形容词的用法。 1修饰名词作定语。 She is a beautiful girl . 2作表语。 He is very strong. 3作宾语补足语。 Let the door open.You must keep your classro

13、om clean . 4“定冠词形容词”表示一类人或物,在句子中可作主语或宾语。We should speak to the old politely. 5大多数形容词既可作表语又可作定语,但少数形容词只能作表语,不能作定语。如:asleep, ill, awake等。 6有些形容词只能作定语而不能作表语。如:many, little, wooden, golden等。3 形容词的位置。 1形容词通常放在它所修饰的名词的前面。A heavy box. 2与表示度量的词连用,形容词要放在它所修饰词语的后面。3 metre long.12 kilometer away . 3与不定代词someth

14、ing, anything, everything, nothing等连用时,可以放在这些词之后。Something important . nothing serious . 4当名词前有多个形容词修饰时,一般按下面的词序排列:冠词(包括物主代词、 序数词、基数词)描述形容词(brave,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 29 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下

15、载beautiful)表示外形(大小、长短、高矮)的形容词表示年龄或新旧的形容词表示颜色的形容词表示国籍、出处或来源的形容词表示材料、物质的形容词表示用途或类别的形容词被修饰的词。My nice small brown leather bag . those large round black wooden tables .4 形容词的比较级和最高级。 (一般加 er / est,不规章见表) 1原级的用法:“和相同”A 确定句: A 动词 as 形容词原级 as B .He is as tall as me . B否定句: A not as形容词原级 as B(即 A 不如 B那么)A no

16、t so形容词原级 as B= A+ less +形容词原级 than + B . 2比较级的用法:A A 动词 形容词的比较级 than B .(A 比 B 更,在这种句型中,比较级前面可用much, even, still, a little, a bit, a lot, any, far等修饰,表示“得多” ,“甚至”,“更”,“一点儿”。B “比较级 and 比较级”、 “ more and more 部分双音节或多音节的原级”译为“越来越” 。 3最高级的用法:(个体用 of,范畴用 in ,最高级前面要用定冠词the ) A 三种最高级表示法。最高级: Shanghai is th

17、e largest city in China .比较级: Shanghai islargerthanany othercityinChina ./Shanghai islargerthan theothercitiesinChina .原级:No other city is as large as Shanghai in China . / No other city is larger than Shanghai in China .(四)副词1副词的种类: 1时间副词: often, always, usually, early, ago, already, before, ever,

18、late, now, soon, since, tomorrow, just可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结now 2的点副词: here, there, above, below, outside, anywhere, back, down, home, out, everywhere 3方式副词: hard, well, badly, fast, slowly, angrily, simply, carefully可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5

19、页,共 29 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载 4程度副词: very, quite, much, still, almost, little, too, enough 5疑问副词: how, when, where, why 6关系副词: when, where, why(引导定语从句) 7连接副词: how, when, where, why, whether 8频率副词: often, seldom, usually, never, som

20、etimes, every day, always, hardly 9其他副词: really, certainly, surely, maybe2 副词的用法: 1作状语: He can finish the work easily . 2作定语(要后置): The students here are from Harbin . 3作表语: I must be off now . 4作宾补,构成复合宾语: Show him up .I saw him out with my sister last night .3 副词的比较级和最高级。 (一般加 er / est ,不规章见表) 1副词的

21、原级:Aas +副词的原级 + as“与一样”Bnot asso +副词的原级 + as“与不一样” Ctoo +副词的原级 + to do sth .“太而不能” Dso +副词的原级 + that从句 “如此以致于” E副词的原级 + enough to do sth .“足够能做”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 29 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载

22、2副词的比较级:A A +动词 +副词比较级 + than + BB 副词比较级前也可以用much, even, still, far, any, a little, a bit, a lot等修饰。 C比较级 and +比较级,表示“越来越” ,the morethe more表示“越就越” D副词的最高级前通常不加定冠词the .(五)数词1基数词:112131920901001 one13 thirteen20 twenty100 a hundred2 two14 fourteen21 twenty-one300 three hundred3 three15 fifteen22 twen

23、ty-two1,000 a thousand4 four16 sixteen30 thirty5,000 five thousand5 five17 seventeen40 forty1,000,000 a million6 six18 eighteen50 fifty1,000,000,000 a billion7 seven19 nineteen60 sixty8 eight70 seventy9 nine80 eighty10 ten90 ninety11 eleven12 twelve2序数词:1-1011-1920-90100-1 first 1st11 eleventh 11th2

24、0 twentieth 20th100 one hundredth 100th2 second 2 nd12 twelfth 12th21 twenty-first 21st103 one hundred and third103rd3 third 3rd13 thirteenth 13th30 thirtieth 30th134 one hundred andthirty-fourth 134th可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 29 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎

25、下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载4 fourth 4th14 fourteenth 14th37 thirty-seventh 37th200 two hundredth 200th5 fifth 5th15 fifteenth 15th40 fortieth 40th1000 one thousandth 1,000th6 sixth 6th16 sixteenth 16th50 fiftieth 50th1,000,000 one millionth1,000,000 th7 seventh 7th17 sev

26、enteenth 17th60 sixtieth 60th1,000,000,000 oneth可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结8 eighth 8th18 eighteenth 18th70 seventieth 70th9 ninth 9th19 nineteenth 19th80 eightieth 80th10 tenth 10th90 ninetieth 90th 1 作主语: The first is better than the second . 2作宾语: He was among the first to arrive . 3作表语: He is the f

27、irst to come to school .billionth 1,000,000,000可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结(六)代词 4作定语: The ninthletterof the word “restaurant” is“n” ./There are threethousand workers in the factory.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结类别作用例词例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结人称代词代替人或事物,主格作主语,来宾作宾语形容词性只作定语,名数单数复数格人一二三

28、一二三称主 格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾 格meyouhimhetusyouthem我I am a teacher .They are students . We all like him .He gave the book to me .My book is there.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结物主代词词性可以作主、宾、表语等,表示所属关系词义我你他类型的的的她它们你们的的的的他们Her father is a worker.的This bike is yours, ours is可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - -

29、欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 29 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结形容词性myyou rhisherit souyourtheirbroken . r可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结名词词性min eyou rshishersit souyour rsstheirs可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结数

30、第一人称其次人称第三人称人称him可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结反身代词起强调作用,只作同位语和宾语单数myselfyourselfsel fherselfitselfWe ourselves did the work.He did the work by himself.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结相互代词表示相互关系,作宾语宾格所有格each other(两者相互)each other s(相互的)We should help each oth

31、er. Please correct each other可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结起指示作用,作定语、one another (三者或三者以上)one anothers(相互的)s mistakes .Take this book to his room.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结指示代词不定代词主语、宾语、表语等代替或修饰任何不定数量及不定范畴的人或事物This, that, these, those, it, such, samesome, any, no,none, many, few,little,all,both,every, one,

32、either, neither, other, a few, a little, another,somebody, nobody, nothing, eachMy point is this .I have something to tellyou.Neither answer is right.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结疑问代词表示疑问,构成特别问句who, what, whose, which, whomWhom did you see .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结关系代词引导定语从句which, that, who, whom, whoseT

33、he book thatIlostwas new.引导名词性从句(主语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结连接代词(七)动词从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)what, who, thatI know what you are doing .That s what I hope .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结类别意义例子例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 29 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总

34、结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结含有实在的意义,表示及物动词后面肯定接宾语Open, visit, hearHe visitedGaozhou yesterday.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结行为动词动作或状态,在句中能独立作谓语。不及物动词后面可以不接宾语Laugh, cry, liveHe livesin Beijing .Be, become, grow, get,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结连系动词( link v)助动词( v.aux. )情态动词( Mod

35、al Verbs )本身有肯定的词义, 但不能独立作谓语,必需与表语一起构成谓语。本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动 词,表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式本身有肯定的意义, 但不能独立作谓语, 只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情 态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。turn, look, sound, smell, taste, feel,seemDo, does,did,am, is, are, have, has, had, shall, will, should,wouldCan, may, must, should, need, dear, sh

36、all, will, havetoThe meat smells bad .He is a student .He doesn t speak English . We are playing football .He had gone to Beijing .She can speak English .May I speak to Ann, please、We must go now .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结注:动词(除情态动词,只有原形和过去式)有原形、第三人称单数、动词ing 、动词过去式、动词过去分词五种形式。(八)介词1介词的种类: 1简洁介词: in,

37、at, of, from, since, around, to 2合成介词: onto, into, without, upon, within 3短语介词: because of, in front of, according to 4分词介词: regarding, following, concerning可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 29 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - -

38、 - -学习好资料欢迎下载2 介词短语在句子中的作用: 1作定语。 I know the answer to the question . 2作状语。 The children are playing basketball in the playground . 3作表语。 Mike is in the classroom . 4作宾语补足语。 He found himself in the middle of the river . 5作主语补足语。 Tom was seen inside the cinema .3 常用介词的基本用法: 1表示时间的介词( at, in, on, for,

39、 since, after, by, during, before, from, to, until, within) 2表示位置,方位的介词(in, at, on, to) 3表示交通方式的常用介词(by, on, in) 4其他一些词组搭配介词(be angry with/at/about sb/sth .be strict with/in/ sb/sth)(九)连词1 并列连词: 1表联合关系连词。(and, or, but, for, not onlybut also, as well as, bothand, neithernor .) 2转折连词。(but, while, yet,

40、 however .) 3挑选连词。(or, or else, eitheror, otherwise .)2 从属连词:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 29 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载1引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的连用,主要有三个:that, whether, if .I hear that he is a student .2引导状语从句的从属连词:A连接时间状语从句:when, before, after, while, as soon as, since, until, as, whenever, ever sinceB连接让步状语从句:although, though, even if, howeverC连接缘由状语从句:as, because, since, now that, forD连接目的状语从句:that, so that, in

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