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1、2014考研英语二真题：阅读理解和翻译（网路整理版）2014考研英语二真题：阅读理解部分21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase? AAbighouse BAspecialtour CAstylishcar DArichmeal22.TheauthorsattitudetowardAmericanswatchingTVis Acritical Bsupportive Csympathetic Dambiguous23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowt
2、hat Aconsumersaresometimesirrational Bpopularityusuallycomesafterquality Cmarketingtricksareaftereffective Draritygenerallyincreasespleasure24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney Ahasleftmuchroomforreaderscriticism Bmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase Chaspredictedawiderincomegapintheus Dmaygiveitsre
3、adersasenseofachievement25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto Abalancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney Bspendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries Cobtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent Dbecomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries Text2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actuall
4、y,youthinkyouremorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecalltheaboveaverageeffect,orillusorysuperiority,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atge
5、ttingonwellwithothersallobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwerehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversaw
6、akeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselvesfromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,isanautomaticpsychologicalpro
7、cessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,t
8、heparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.Idontthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanye
9、videnceofpersonaldelusion,saysEpley.Itsareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves.Ifyouaredepressed,youwontbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpleysstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydontevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,
10、Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancersparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleitsnotthatpeoplesprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWisconMadisonuniversity,buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph
11、,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat_. Aourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh Billusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect Courneedforleadershipisunnatural Dself-enhancingstrategiesareineffective27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeoples_ Arapidwatching Bconsciouschoice Cintuitiveresponse Dautomaticself-defence2
12、8.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto_ Aunderestimatetheirinsecurities Bbelieveintheirattractiveness Ccoveruptheirdepressions Doversimplifytheirillusions29.ThewordViscerally(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_. Ainstinctively Boccasionally Cparticularly Daggressively30.Itcanbeinferredth
13、atFacebookisself-enhancersparadisebecausepeoplecan_. Apresenttheirdishonestprofiles Bdefinetheirtraditionallifestyles Csharetheirintellectualpursuits Dwithholdtheirunflatteringsides Text4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadband
14、andenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soi
15、tisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportun
16、ityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurren
17、tcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofre
18、gisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannounc
19、edthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalitionsspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.36.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector_ Ahasattractedmuchattention Binvolvescertainpoliticalfact
20、ors Cshoulderstoomuchresponsibility Dhaslostitsrealvalueineconomy37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas_ Aincreaseditshomesupply Bofferedspendingopportunities Csufferedgovernmentbiases Ddisappointedthegovernment38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay_. Aallowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing Bsto
21、plocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes Cpreparetoreducehousingstockdebt DreleasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould_. Alowerthecostsofregisteredproviders Blessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference Ccontributetofundingnewdevelopments Drelievetheministersofresponsibil
22、ities40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay_. Aimplementmorepoliciestosupporthousing Breviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants Crenewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme Dstopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChin
23、ese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthatsperpetuallyhalffall.Butthatsexactlythekindoffalsedeerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldntrecommend.Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,Accordi
24、ngtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethesewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-Shalarusesthreeoptimisticexercisers.Whenhefeelsdown-sag,aftergivingabadlecture-hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatmoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewi
25、llbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction,Heanalyzestheweaklecture,leaninglessons,forthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesnt.Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesntmatter.SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent.Writehimtoemailto1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and2)askforadviceaboutlivingthere.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonanswersheet.Donotuseyourownname.