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1、2018考研英语二真题完型（文字版）Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)whydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalSc
2、ience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewiill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudentswillingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosati
3、sfycuriosity.Forone5eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneintheroom,thestudentsw
4、hodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11or
5、shelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhow
6、ereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughononescuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity.Hsee
7、says.Inotherwords,dontreadonlinecomments.1.A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret3.A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt7.A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When8.A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.
8、change9.A.ratherthanB.suchasC.regardlessofD.owingto10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.forgetD.discover11.A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling12.A.beginwithB.restonC.learnfromD.leadto13.A.withdrawalB.inquiryC.persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive15.A.resistB.defineC
9、.replaceD.trace16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal17.A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend18.A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty19.A.whetherB.whyC.whereD.how20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequencesText1ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstud
10、entsabetterfuture.Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenb
11、ikechain?AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.Buthesalsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmosta
12、markofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducationhavethatstereotype.thatitsforkidswhocantmakeitacademically,hesays.Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmericasevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslar
13、gelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrigitfullyso.Buttheheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall-andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless-missesanimportantpoint:ThatsnottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneds.Yes,abachelorsdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthec
14、ountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.There
15、isagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostarentequippedtodothem.KoziateksManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.Koziateksschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganationsdiversiyofgifts.21.Abrokanbikechainismentionedtoshowstud
16、entslackof_.A.mechanicalmemorizationB.academictrainingC.practicalabilityD.pioneeringspirit22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho_.A.arefinanciallydisadvantagedB.arenotacademicallysuccessfulC.haveastereotypedmindD.havenocareermotivation23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolg
17、raduates_.A.areentitledtomoreducationalprivilegesB.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturingC.usedtohavemorejobopportunitiesD.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns24.Theheadlongpushintobacheloisdegreesforall_.A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobsB.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobsC.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedw
18、orkforceD.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation25.TheauthorsattitudetowardKoziateksschoolcanbedescribedas_.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousText4Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorld,recommendsbuildingahabitof
19、deepwork-theabilitytofucuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork-beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakingajournalisticapproachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffo
20、custimeandsticktoit.Newportalsorecommendsdeepschedulingtocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.Onceonthecalendar,IprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctorsappointmentorimportantmeeting,hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredonei
21、nlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritiseyourday-inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgo
22、alsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcometotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovis
23、ationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,belazy.Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletothebrainasvitaminDistothebody.idlenessis,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,heargues.Srini
24、Pillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.Whatpeopledontrealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyn
25、eedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain，saysPillay.Text436.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto_A.seizeeveryminutetoworkB.listyouimmediatetasksC.makespecificdailyplansD.Keeptoyourfocustime37.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthatA.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoalsB.detaile
26、dplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpectedC.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiencyD.dailyschedulesarcindispensabletostudying38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis_-A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeopleB.amajorcontributortophysicalhealthC.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy0.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork
27、39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrainsshiftbetweenbeingfocusedandinfocused_A.canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyB.canresultinpsychologicalwell-beingC.isdrivenbytaskurgencyD.isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork40.Thistextismainlyabout_A.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstimeB.WaystorelievethetensionofbusylifeC.ThekeytoeliminatingdistractionsD.Thecauseofthelackoffocustime