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1、2022年考研英语二阅读理解Text3真题（文字版）Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text3Wehaveallencounteredthem,inbothourpersonalandprofessionallives.Thinkaboutthetimesyoufelttrickedorfrustratedbyamembershiporsubscriptionthatha
2、daseamlesssign-upprocessbutwaslaterdifficulttocancel.Somethingthatshouldbesimpleandtransparentcanbecomplicated,intentionallyorunintentionally,inwaysthatimpairconsumerchoice.Theseareexamplesofdarkpatterns.Firstcoinedin2010byuserexperienceexpertHarryBrignull,darkpatternsisacatch-alltermforpracticestha
3、tmanipulateuserinterfacestoinfluencethedecision-makingabilityofusers.Brignullidentifies12typesofcommondarkpatterns,rangingfrommisdirectionandhiddencoststoroachmotel,whereauserexperienceseemseasyandintuitiveatthestart,butturnsdifficultwhentheusertriestogetout.Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11,000
4、websites,researchersfoundthataboutonein10employsthesedesignpractices.Thoughwidelyprevalent,theconceptofdarkpatternsisstillnotwellunderstood.Businessandnonproftleadersshouldbeawareofdarkpatternsandtrytoavoidthegrayareastheyengender.Whereisthelinebetweenethical,persuasivedesignanddarkpatterns?Business
5、esshouldengageinconversationswithIT,compliance,risk,andlegalteamstoreviewtheirprivacypolicy,andincludeinthediscussionthecustomer/userexperiencedesignersandcodersresponsibleforthecompanysuserinterface,aswellasthemarketersandadvertisersresponsibleforsign-ups,checkoutbaskets,pricing,andpromotions.Anyor
6、alltheseteamscanplayaroleincreatingoravoidingdigitaldeception.Lawmakersandregulatorsareslowlystartingtoaddresstheambiguityarounddarkpatterns,mostrecentlyatthestatelevel.InMarch,theCaliforniaAttorneyGeneralannouncedtheapprovalofadditionalregulationsundertheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)thatensure
7、thatconsumerswillnotbeconfusedormisledwhenseekingtoexercisetheirdataprivacyrights.Theregulationsaimtobandarkpatterns-thismeansprohibitingcompaniesfromusingconfusinglanguageorunnecessarystepssuchasforcingthemtoclickthroughmultiplescreensorlistentoreasonswhytheyshouldntoptout.Asmorestatesconsiderpromu
8、lgatingadditionalregulations,thereisaneedforgreateraccountabilityfromwithinthebusinesscommunity.Darkpatternsalsocanbeaddressedonaself-regulatorybasis,butonlyiforganizationsholdthemselvesaccountable,notjusttolegalrequirements,butalsotoindustrybestpracticesandstandard.31.Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwop
9、aragraphsthatdarkpatterns_. Aimproveuserexperiences Bleakuserinformationforprofit Cundermineusersdecision-making Dremindusersofhiddencosts32.The2019studyondarkpatternsismentionedtoshow_. Atheirmajorflaws Btheircomplexdesigns Ctheirseveredamage Dtheirstrongpresence33.Tohandledigitaldeception,business
10、esshould_. Alistentocustomerfeedback Btalkwithrelevantteams Cturntoindependentagencies Drelyonprofessionaltraining34.TheadditionalregulationsundertheCCPAareintendedto_. Aguideusersthroughopt-outprocesses Bprotectconsumersfrombeingtricked Cgrantcompaniesdataprivacyrights Drestrictaccesstoproblematiccontent35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,akeytocopingwithdarkpatternsis_. Anewlegalrequirements Bbusinessesself-discipline Cstrictregulatorystandards Dconsumerssafetyawareness