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1、人教新目标 八年级英语下册 Unit1 Whats the matter？ 短语语法知识点总结汇总Unit 1 Whats the matterUnit 1 Whats the matter一、必背短语Section A 部分1.患感冒3.喉咙痛5.躺下休息7.说得太多9.下车11.看见某人正在做.13.期待某人去做某事15.同意做某事17.多亏，由于have a cold2.胃痛have a stomachachehave a sore backtake ones temperaturetake breaks/a breakget an X-raythink twiceto ones sur
2、prisein timeget into troublehave a sore throat4.背痛lie down and resttalk too muchget offsee sb. doingexpect sb. to doagree to do sth.thanks to6.量体温8.休息10.拍 X 光片12.反复考虑14.使惊讶的16.及时18.陷入困境；惹麻烦Section BSection B 部分部分1.休息几天3.告诉某人做某事rest for a few days 2.把放下；低下tell sb. to do4.告诉某人不要去做putdowntell sb. not t
3、o do5.做某事有问题/麻烦/困难6.对感兴趣8.过去常常做某事have problems/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth7.习惯于做某事9.冒险11.处于险境be used to doing sthtake risks/a riskin a dangerous situationrun out (of)be interested inused to do sth10.由于/因为+n./pron.because of12.处于困境inadifficult13.用尽，耗光situation14.准备/乐于做某事16.如此以至于18.离开；从.出来20.掌控，
4、管理22.放弃24.继续做某事【教材内容解析】【教材内容解析】Section ASection A1.1.Whats the matterWhats the matter? (P. 1)? (P. 1)Whats the matter意为“怎么了？出什么事了？”，常用来询问对方遇到什么麻烦或者有什么不顺心的事，后接 with sb./sth.表示“某人/某物怎么了” 。可以表示“你怎么了？”的句子有： (1). _1 / 10be ready to dosothatget out ofbe in control ofgive upkeep on doing15.切除17.以便于；为了19.做决
5、定21.的重要性23.用绷带包扎25.似乎/好像做某事cut offso that/in order thatmake decisions/a decisionthe importance ofput a bandage onseem to do人教新目标 八年级英语下册 Unit1 Whats the matter？ 短语语法知识点总结汇总 (2). _ (3)._ (4). _ (5). _ (6). _2.2. I have aI have astomachachestomachache. (P. 1). (P. 1)stomachache 用作名词，表示“胃疼、腹疼”，是一个复合名词，
6、含有后缀 ache 的常见复合词还有：头痛 _；牙痛_；耳痛 _3.3. have a sore throat (P. 1)have a sore throat (P. 1) sore 是形容词，意为“疼痛的，酸痛的”可作定语或表语。常见短语：喉咙痛：_后背痛：_4.4.lielie down and down andrestrest. (P. 2). (P. 2)(1). lie down 意为“躺下”。【拓展 1】lie 用作动词可以表示 “躺” 或者 “位于”，还可以表示 “撒谎”。She is lying in bed with a bad cold. 英译汉_Beijing lies
7、 in the north of China. 英译汉_It is a bad habit to lie. 英译汉_【拓展 2】lie 及 lay 一词多义原形lie（躺、位于）lie（撒谎）过去式laylied过去分词lainliedlaid现在分词lyinglyinglayinglay（放置、下蛋）laid（记忆口诀：规则撒谎，不规则躺；躺过下蛋，下蛋不规则。(2). rest 此处用作动词， 表示“休息”， rest 也可以用作名词， 表示“休息”， 常用的短语为 “休息”：_.例句：Lets stop working and have a rest.5.5.MaybeMaybe you
8、 have a fever.(P. 2) you have a fever.(P. 2)maybe 作副词，表示“可能、也许”，常常放在句首，相当于perhaps，可以与 may be 相互转换。Maybe he is a foreigner.=He may be a foreigner.6.6. YouYouneedneed to take breaks away from the computer. (P. 2) to take breaks away from the computer. (P. 2)need 作动词时，不仅可以作情态动词，还可以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词原形；作
9、实义动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式（to do）作宾语。2 / 10人教新目标 八年级英语下册 Unit1 Whats the matter？ 短语语法知识点总结汇总You neednt go to the meeting too early. 判断划线词性（）A.情态动词；B.实义动词We need three more workers. 判断划线词性（）A.情态动词；B.实义动词He doesnt need to worry too much. 判断划线词性（）A.情态动词；B.实义动词7.7. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too lon
10、gYeah, I think I sat in the same way for too longwithoutwithout moving. (P. moving. (P.without 用作介词，表示“无、没有”，后接名词、代词或者动名词，反义词是with。They left _ (with) saying goodbye. （用所给词的正确形式填空） We cant live _(with) air and water. （用所给词的正确形式填空）8.8.IfIf your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. (
11、P. 2) your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. (P. 2)本句是含有 if 引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，可遵循三条原则： (1).主将从现：即主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。 (2).主祈从现：即主句为祈使句，从句用一般现在时态。 (3).主情从现：即主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时态。翻译句子：如果明天下雨，我将不会去公园。 _翻译句子：如果明天不下雨，我们会去野餐。 _翻译句子：如果你不擅长英语，你可以向老师寻求帮助。 _9.9. .when the driver.when the dri
12、versawsaw an old man an old manlyinglying on the side of the road. (P. 3) on the side of the road. (P. 3)(1). see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。翻译：I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday.(2). see sb do sth 看到某人做了或经常做某事。翻译：I often see her dance in the park.10.10. The bus driver.stopped
13、the bus withoutThe bus driver.stopped the bus withoutthinking twicethinking twice. (P. 3). (P. 3)(1). think twice 意为“再三考虑、权衡利弊”。翻译：You should think twice before you make the final decision.【拓展】【拓展】think 的相关短语think about 思考、考虑；think of 想起、认为；think over 仔细考虑11.11. HeHegot offgot off and asked the woma
14、n what and asked the woman whathappenedhappened. (P. 3). (P. 3)(1). get off 意为“下车”，反义词是get on“上车”。翻译：Before getting off the bus, you should take care.(2). happen 表示“发生”的时候，作不及物动词，常用的结构为：sth. happens to sb.“某人发生了某事”。翻译：An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital.12.12. Mr. Wang
15、knew heMr. Wang knew hehad tohad to act quickly. (P. 3) act quickly. (P. 3)3 / 10人教新目标 八年级英语下册 Unit1 Whats the matter？ 短语语法知识点总结汇总have to 表示“必须、不得不”，强调客观上的必须，must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。翻译：We have to walk home because the car has broken down.翻译：We must study hard.13.13. HeHeexpectedexpected most or all of t
16、he passengers to get off and most or all of the passengers to get off andwaitwait for the next bus. (P. for the next bus. (P.3)3)(1) expect 的常见用法： expect to do sth. 期待做某事翻译：The fans are expecting to see the football star. expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事翻译：The man expects his son to pass the exam succe
17、ssfully.(2) wait 的常见用法： wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事”翻译：We are waiting for the result of the exam. wait to do sth.“等待做某事”翻译：All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus. cant wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”翻译：The children cant wait to rush out after the class is over.14. But14. Butto his surpriseto his s
18、urprise, they all, they allagreedagreed to go with him. (P. 3) to go with him. (P. 3) agree with sb. 同意某人翻译：I cant agree with you more. agree to sth. 同意某事翻译：Do you agree to the plan? agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见翻译：They finally agreed on the design of the bridge. agree to do sth. 同意做某事翻译：Her parents dont
19、 agree to marry (嫁) their daughter to the man.15.15.Thanks toThanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctorsin timein time. (P. (P.3)3)(1). thanks to 表示“多亏、由于”，后接名词或代词，作原因状语，相当于because of。翻译：Thanks to the warm and
20、sunny weather, oranges grow well here.(2).in time “及时”强调正好赶上事先约定的时间，没有迟到。翻译：I am just in time for the plane.【拓展】on time “按时”指按计划做某事，强调不迟到，不早不晚。翻译：Please hand in your homework on time.16.16. “Its sad thatIts sad thatmany people dont want to helpmany people dont want to helpothersothersbecause they do
21、nt want anybecause they dont want any4 / 10人教新目标 八年级英语下册 Unit1 Whats the matter？ 短语语法知识点总结汇总trouble,” says one passenger. (P. 3)trouble,” says one passenger. (P. 3)(1) 本句是“It is+形容词+that 从句”，句中的 it 作形式主语，代替真正的主语that 从句。翻译：It is important that we should protect the environment.(2) other: 意为“别的、其它的”，常
22、用来修饰可数名词。the other: 表示“两者中另一个”，是特指；the other 之后也可以加复数名词，特指“其它的”。another: 表示“三者中另一个”。others: 用作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”是复数概念。the others: 特指在一个整体中的“其余的人或物（全部）”。翻译：We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects.翻译：There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys.翻译：You should think
23、 of others.翻译：There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the othersare boys.17.17. Bus No. 26Bus No. 26hithit an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3) an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3)hit 表示“撞击、打击”，表示“打某人某个部位”时用“hit sb.+介词（on, in）+the+身体部位”，若打的部位较硬用on，打的部位较软用 in。翻译：T
24、he man hit the little boy in the face.18.18. The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospitalThe old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospitalright awayright away. (P. 3). (P. 3)right away 意为“立刻、马上”，相当于at once 或者 right now。Section BSection B1.1. Someone feltSomeone fel
25、tsicksick. (P. 5). (P. 5)sick 用作形容词，意为“生病的、有病的”，可以作定语或者表语，而ill 表示“生病的”，只能用作表语。I have to look after my sick grandpa. 问：sick 在此处作_语。The old woman is seriously sick/ill.问：ill 在此处作_语。2.2.have problems breathinghave problems breathing (P. 6) (P. 6)have problems (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事有问题/麻烦”，相当于：have trou
26、ble/difficulty (in) doing sth.。翻译：She has problems (in) riding a bike. _3.3.AsAs a mountain climber, Aron a mountain climber, Aronis used tois used to taking riskstaking risks. (P. 6). (P. 6)(1). as 用作介词，表示“作为、身为”。As a student, you should study hard.(2). 辨析： used to do sth；be used to do sth；与 be /ge
27、t used to doing sth5 / 10人教新目标 八年级英语下册 Unit1 Whats the matter？ 短语语法知识点总结汇总used to do sth.be used to do sth.过去常常做某事被用来做某事记忆口诀：used to do常常过； be used to do被用做； be used to doing习惯做be /get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事翻译：The boy used to play computer games. _翻译：More and more wood（木材） is used to make paper. _
28、翻译：His father is used to watching TV before going to bed. _(3) risk 表示“冒险时”，既可以作名词，也可以作动词，作名词常和动词 take 连用，take arisk“冒险”；作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。The fireman took the risk of losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.翻译：_4.4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his lifeThere were many
29、 times when Aron almost lost his lifebecause ofbecause of accidents. (P. 6) accidents. (P. 6)because of 意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词短语。在句中常和because 引导的原因状语从句连用，不过 because 后面跟句子。翻译：We cant go out because it rains heavily.=We cant go out because of the heavyrain. _例题：Did you have a sports meeting yesterday?No, we d
30、idnt. It was put off _ the heavy rain.A. Instead ofB. because ofC. as forD. across from5.5. But when his waterBut when his waterran outran out, he knew that he would have to do something, he knew that he would have to do somethingto save his ownto save his ownlifelife. (P. 6). (P. 6)(1) run out 意为“用
31、尽、用完”，后接宾语时，需要加上介词of。翻译：They ran out of their money. _(2) 动词不定式短语 to save his own life在句子作目的状语。动词不定式构成的目的状语可位于句首，用逗号与主句隔开，也可以位于谓语动词之后。翻译：To learn Japanese, she went to Japan. _翻译：You should work hard to get good grades. _6.6. He was notHe was notreadyready to die that day. (P. 6) to die that day. (P
32、. 6) be/get ready for sth.“为做准备”The students are reviewing (复习) lessons to get ready for the coming final exams.翻译：_6 / 10人教新目标 八年级英语下册 Unit1 Whats the matter？ 短语语法知识点总结汇总 be/get ready to do sth.“准备做某事、乐意做某事”The kind girl is ready to help anyone in trouble.翻译：_7. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged
33、 himself7. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himselfso thatso that he would not lose he would not losetoo muchtoo muchblood.blood.(P. 6)(P. 6)(1) so that 引导目的状语从句，用以说明主句动作的目的，可以与 in order that 互换，从句经常会出现表示“能够的情态动词”，如can, could, may, might, will, would等。翻译：We started early so that we could catch t
34、he first train. _翻译：He studies hard so that he could find a good job in the future. _翻译：We used the computer in order that we might save time. _(2) too much 用来修饰不可数名词或者动词，much too 用来修饰形容词或者副词。翻译：There is too much pollution today. _翻译：The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat. _
35、8.8. After losing his arm, he wrote a bookAfter losing his arm, he wrote a bookcalledcalled Between a Rock and a Hard PlaceBetween a Rock and a Hard Place. (P. 6). (P. 6)called 此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与named 同义。翻译：This is a book named/calledJourney to the West. _翻译：The Greens have a daughter named
36、/called Kate. _9.9. This means beingThis means beingin a difficult situationin a difficult situation that you cannot that you cannotseemseem to get out of. (P. 6) to get out of. (P. 6)seem 用作系动词，表示“似乎、好像”，常用的结构有：seem+adj./to be/that+seem+adj./to be/that+ 句子。句子。翻译：The story seems true. _翻译：What he sa
37、id seemed to be a lie. _翻译：It seems that they are going to work all weekend. _10.10. In this book, Aron tells ofIn this book, Aron tells ofthe importance ofthe importance ofmaking good decisionsmaking good decisions, and of being, and of beinginincontrol ofcontrol ofones life. (P.ones life. (P. 6)6)
38、(1) make a decision 或者 make decisions 表示“做出决定”。翻译：他们期待你来做出决定。7 / 10人教新目标 八年级英语下册 Unit1 Whats the matter？ 短语语法知识点总结汇总_(2) in control of 意为“控制、管理”。翻译：Who is in control of the project (项目)? _(3). the importance of sth/doing sth. （做）某事的重要性翻译：Most students dont know the importance of studying hard. _11.1
39、1. HisHis lovelove forfor mountainmountain climbingclimbing isissosogreatgreatthatthathehekeptkeptononclimbingclimbing mountainsmountains eveneven afterafterthis experience. (P. 6)this experience. (P. 6)(1) 在由 so.that 引导的结果状语从句中，so 是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。翻译：He was so glad that h
40、e couldnt say a word. _翻译：The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. _翻译：Grandmother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. _(2). keep on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，强调继续或者重复做某事。例句：You shouldnt keep on thinking about it.12.12. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesntAron loves mountain climbin
41、g and doesntmindmind taking risks. (P. 7) taking risks. (P. 7) mind doing sth. 介意做某事翻译：Would you mind opening the window please? _ mind sbs/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事翻译：Do you mind my/me calling you at night? _13.13. Aron did notAron did notgive upgive up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountain
42、s today. (P. 7) after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. (P. 7)give up 表示“放弃”，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。翻译：Dont give up your dream easily. _翻译：He has given up playing computer games. _【语法讲解】【语法讲解】（一）（一）shouldshould 和和 shouldntshouldnt 表示建议表示建议1Should 为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为 shouldnt，其后接动词原形，无人称和
43、8 / 10人教新目标 八年级英语下册 Unit1 Whats the matter？ 短语语法知识点总结汇总数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。翻译：你应该喝加有蜂蜜的热水。 _翻译：He should put his head back _翻译：你不应该看电视。_2Should 用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。翻译：我应当给它敷上药吗？ _翻译：我们应该告诉她这件事吗？_【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有： Would you like (to do) sth？你想要愿意（做）某事吗？翻译：你想要和我一起打篮球吗？_ S
44、hall I/we do sth ?我我们做好吗？翻译：明天我们去动物园，好吗？_ Why not do sth ?为什么不呢？翻译：为什么不给她量下体温呢？_ How/What about doing sth ? 做某事怎么样？翻译：去游泳怎么样？_ Lets do sth 让我们做吧。翻译：咱们回家吧。_ Youd better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。翻译：你最好不要独自去那儿。_（二）反身代词（二）反身代词1反身代词可以用作一些动词(短语)或介词的宾语，此时，句子的主语和宾语必须同一个人或物。(1). We must look after ourselves an
45、d keep fit我们必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。(2). She often buys herself nice clothes她经常为自己买漂亮的衣服。(3). Dont think too much of yourself!别过多地为自己考虑!2反身代词在句中还可以用作主语或宾语的同位语，用来加强语气，表示“亲自、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。如：(1). I dont need any helpI can do it myself我不需要帮助，我自己能做。(主语的同位语)这句话不可表示成 I dont need any help，myself can do i
46、t(2). If you want to know more，you may ask Miss White herself如果你想了解更多情况，你可以问一问怀特小姐本人。(宾语的同位语)9 / 10人教新目标 八年级英语下册 Unit1 Whats the matter？ 短语语法知识点总结汇总3反身代词在句中还可以用作连系动词的表语。如：(1). The little boy in the photo was himself照片中的那个小男孩就是他自己。反身代词构成的固定表达：4. by oneself 意为“独自，凭自己”，相当于alone；enjoy oneself 意为“玩得高兴，过得
47、愉快”，相当于have fun 或 have a good time；help oneself to意为“随便吃或喝点，随便用；keepto oneself 意为“不将某事说出去”；say to oneself 意为“自言自语”。（三）（三）havehave 表示“患病、遭受（病痛）表示“患病、遭受（病痛） ”(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：Whats the matter (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？Whats wrong (with sb)?（某人）怎么了？Whats the trouble (with sb)?（某人）出什么事了？What h
48、appened (to sb)?（某人）发生了什么事？Are you OK? 你没事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：某人+have/has+病症The twins have colds双胞胎感冒了。Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last night她昨晚肚子痛。某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位 He has a sore throat他喉咙痛。某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词 He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。某部位+hurt(s).My head hurts badly我头痛得厉害。拓展某人+have/has+a pain+in ones+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest我胸口痛。(There is)something wrong with ones+身体部位There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。10 / 10