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1、英语语法状语从句的归纳总结英语语法状语从句的归纳总结 在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一成分的从句叫状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类。 一、一、 时间状语从句时间状语从句 时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。通常用 when, while, as 来引导。1when when 的用法最广泛，常可代替 while, as 表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。 When I got home, my family were already having dinner. 我到家的时候，全家已在吃晚饭。 （w
2、hen 表示点时间） When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. 当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。 （when 表示段时间）when 可用作并列连词，意为“就在那时” ，常用于下列句式： was doingsb. was about to do when. had just done当意为“一就”时，常用于下列句式：hardly/ scarcely had + 主语+过去分词+when+从句，此时主动句用倒装。此外，“on doing”或“on ones+名词”也可作时间状语，表示“一就” 。如，On arr
3、iving at the station, the thief was arrested.On his arrival in Paris, he was thrown into prison. 2while while 通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper. 她在看报的时候睡着了。 while 有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成而。 I am fond of English while he likes maths. 我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。 。 while 有时可引导让步状语从
4、句，意思是虽然。第 1 页 共 9 页 While they love te children, they are strict with them. 虽然他们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。 提示： 虽然 during 与 while 意思很相近，但是 during 是介词，不能引导从句。3as as 表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。as和 when 两者经常可以通用。 The thief was caught as /when he was stealing in the supermarket. 小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了。 I saw Jim as /w
5、hen he left the meeting room. 吉姆离开会议室时候我看到了他。 as 表示 一边一边，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 They talked as they walked. 他们边走边聊。 He looked behind from time to time as he went. 他一边走，一边不时地往后看。 as 表示随着 As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。 As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to
6、bloom. 随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。 4when, while, as 的用法区别的用法区别 只有当从句表示的是段时间，即其谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以通用互换。 I got the news on the radio when while as I was having breakfast. 我在吃早饭的时候从收音机里获悉这一消息。 在下列情况下，三者彼此之间不能替换使用： aas 更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或伴随着的变化。As he was reading, he was shaking his head.bwhen 更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作
7、。 When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone. 当我把多余的票给了玛丽时，我才发现我自己的票已不知去向。 （从句动作发生在主句之前，注意主从句的时态） When I finally got there, he meeting had been on for ten minutes. 当我最终赶到那里时，会议已开始十分钟了。 （从句动作发生在主句之后，注意时态） cwhile 从句只能表示延续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对比。 Father was preparing his report while
8、Im playing computer games. 5. since 第 2 页 共 9 页since 自以来。,主句主要用完成时态，但时间的计算方式根据动词表示非延续性还是延续性而略有不同。a.since 后如果是非延续动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作发生时算起;如果是延续性动词，则时间的起点是从该动作结束时算起。如，I have written home only once since I came here.自我到这儿以来，只给家里写过一封信。He has written to me frequently since he was ill. 他病好病好以来，经常给我来信。b. It
9、 be + some time + since 短语从句，如果从句中谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“做某事已有多长时间” ；如果是延续性动词，意为“不做某事”已有多长时间，注意从句与主句时间一致。如，It is two years since I smoked. 我戒烟戒烟已有两年了。It has been two years since I began to smoke. 我吸烟吸烟已有两年了。二、地点状语从句二、地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever（where 的强势语）引导，是表示空间关系的状语从句。We must camp where we can get wa
10、ter.I will follow you wherever you go.Where 与与 wherever 的区别：的区别：where 表特定的地点，而 wherever 表示非特定的地点。I will go where he went. 我要去他去的地方。 （特定地点）I will go wherever he goes.他去哪儿我去哪儿。 （非特定地点）三、原因状语从句三、原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原因和理由的从句。引导原因状语从句的有 as, because, since, now (that), considering that, seeing that 等。abecause
11、比较： because 和 for 的区别。 1for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because 表示原因时，可位于句首。 【误】For he did not obey the rules, he was punished. 【正】Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished. 由于他不遵守规章制度，他受到了处。 2for 表示的是推断解释，because 强调动作发生的直接原因。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了，因
12、为地面是湿的。 （不可用 because，因为地面湿不是天下雨的原因）第 3 页 共 9 页He went to bed early, because he was tired 由于他累了，所以他很早就上了床。 （直接的理由） He must be tired, for he went to bed early. 他肯定累了，因为他很早就上了床。 （间接的推断）bsincesince 因为，既然。引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。 Since you have no licence, you are not allowed to drive. 因为你没有驾驶执照，所以不允许你开车。
13、 Since you are al here, lets try and reach a decision. 既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧。cas as 由于。一般多用于句首。 As she was ill, she didnt come to the party. 由于病了，她没来参加晚会。此外 now that, in that 也可表示原因。 如，Now (that) everybody is here, lets begin.He didnt attend the meeting in that he was ill.d because, since, as 的区别的区别
14、1because 语气最强，表达的是未知的新信息，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗号隔开。在回答 why 引导的特殊疑问句时，或在强调结构 It is was that 和关联词 not but 引导的原因状语从句中，要用 because。另外，because 还常和副词 just, merely 等连用。 2since 往往表示的是已知的客观事实，或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。 3as 表示的理由最弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。as 从句通常放在主句前。 Just because he doesnt complain, you must no
15、t suppose that he is satisfied. 你不可只因他不抱怨就以为他满足了。注意： because 等词不能与 so 连用。 【误】Because he was careless, so he failed in the exam. 【正】Because he was careless, he failed in the exa. 由于他粗心，所以他考试不及格。 【正】He was careless, so he failed in the exam. 由于他粗心，所以他考试不及格。四、目的状语从句四、目的状语从句目的状语从句是表示行为目的的从句。引导目的状语从句的主要连
16、词有 so，so that, in order that, in case, for fear that 等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如 can, could, may, might, should 等。1. so, so that，in order that 表示为了，以便，一般放在主句之后。They hurried so that they might not miss the train.第 4 页 共 9 页 他们为了不误火车，才急急忙忙的。 In order that everyone present might hear her clearly, she raised her
17、voice again. 为了使在场的每个人都能听清楚，她再次提高了声音。2in case, lest, for fear that 等几个短语都表示， “以防” 、 “惟恐” ，含有否定的意义。 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。 Take an umbrella in case it rains. 以防下雨，带把伞。五、结果状语从句五、结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句。引导结果状语从句的连词有: sothat, suchthat, so that, so, that 等。这几个
18、词都可以引导结果状语从句。so that 最为常用，so 或 that 常用于口语或非正式文体中。The room was packed with people, so that we couldnt get in. 房间里挤满了人，我们进不去。So that 与与 such that 的区别的区别so 为副词，修饰形容词、副词，不用来修饰名词；such 为形容词，用来修饰名词。 形容词 形容词+a/ an+ 单数名词 a/ an+ 形容词+单数名词so + 副词 such+ 形容词+ 复数名词 many/ few+复数名词 形容词+不可数名词 much/ little+ 不可数名词注意：当
19、little 译作“小”时，常用 such。如，There was so little food here that I was still hungry when I ate all of them. 这里食物如此之少，以至于我吃完后仍觉得很饿。He is such a little boy that he almost know nothing about this.他太小了，以至于他对此一无所知。六、条件状语从句。六、条件状语从句。条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句的有 if, unless, so a
20、s long as, as so far as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing 等。条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。 aif 表示正面条件，意为如果。表示正面条件，意为如果。第 5 页 共 9 页 If you ask hm, he will help you. 如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。比较： if only 和 only if 的对比。 if only 解释但愿，要是就好了，表示一个不可能实现愿望，要用虚拟语气。 only if 解释只有，等于 only on condition t
21、hat，从句用陈述语气。 Only if you heat ice, it turns to water. 只有当你给冰加热，它才会变成水。 If only I knew! 要是我知道该多好。bunless unless = if not, 表示反面条件，意思是如果不、除非。 They will go tomorrow unless it rains. 除非明天下雨，否则他们会去的。 （They will go tomorrow if it doesnt rain.） I wont let you in unless you show me your pass. 如果你不出示通行证，我就不让你
22、进来。 （= I wont let you in if you dont show me your pass. ）cso long as, as long as, on condition that 这几个短语意思差不多，都表示只要，条件是。 As/ So long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty. 只要我们灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。注意：as long as 可以用作同级比较，此时只有在否定句中可以换用 so long as。如，This rope is as long as that
23、 one.This rope is not as/ so long as this one.din case in case 既引导目的状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句，等于 if it happens that。 In case I forget, please remind me of my promise. 如果我忘了，请提醒我所做的承诺。 Send s a message in case you have any difficulty. 万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。eproviding, provided that, supposing, suppose that, given
24、 that 这几个短语意思相近，有如果，只要，假如等意思。 Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已做得很好了。(that 可以省略) Provided /Providing（that）we invite him, he would surely come to dinner. 假如我们邀请他的话，他肯定会来吃饭的。 Suppose that /Supposing we cant get enough food, what shall we do 假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎幺办
25、？（仅用于疑问句）七、方式状语从句七、方式状语从句方式状语从句是描述动作方式的从句。方式状语从句常由 as, as if as though 等第 6 页 共 9 页词引导.aas if, as though 由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气的过去式表示现在不符的或与事实相反的情况。 She looks as if she is ill. 看上去她好象是生病了。He acted as if /though nothing had happened 他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。注意：注意：as it were 用作插入语
26、，表示仿佛，好像，可以说是，时，不可改为用作插入语，表示仿佛，好像，可以说是，时，不可改为 as it is/ was. 如，如，He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.八、比较状语从句八、比较状语从句aas.as, the same as 用于同等程度级的比较。否定句用 not so/as as, not the sameas。 Our country is as big as the whole of Europe. 我们的国同整个欧洲一样大。 The result was not as/so good as I had expected. 结果不如
27、我预料的那么好。 She works in the same building as my sister. 她和我的妹妹在同一大楼上班。bthan than 表示不同程度级的比较 It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing. 上海下的雨比北京的多。cthe more., the more. 这是表示比例的比较，意思是越就越。第一个 the more 也可以看成是一个条件。 The more you read, the better you understand. 你看的书越多，你懂得就越多。 （= If you read more, you
28、will understand better.）九、让步状语从句九、让步状语从句让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由 although, though, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, etc), even if, even though 等词引导。aalthough, though 这两个词意思一样，都解释虽然，尽管。although 比 though 正式。1. although
29、 指事实，多用于句首。多数情况下可与 though 换用。 Although he is young, he is very clever.第 7 页 共 9 页 他尽管年轻，但很聪明。2. though 既指事实，又指设想。可用于句首、句中或句末。 Though he is poor, he is happy. 他虽然穷，但很快乐。 I havent checked the information yet, though I think it is correct. 我还没有核实这份资料，但我认为它错不了。 My house, though it is large, is also made
30、 of stone and wood. 我的房子虽然大，但是也是用石头和木料搭成的。beven if, even though 这两个词语气比 though, although 强，解释即使，两者可以通用。 We wont be discourged even if though we fail ten times. 我们就是失败十次也不泄气。 Even if though you fail, you will have gained experience. 纵然你失败，你也会得到一些经验。cwhile, whereas 这两个词也可引导让步状语从句，突出主句和从句的对比。 While I u
31、nderstand what you say, I cant agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。 Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it. 有些人喜欢肥肉，相反有些人讨厌肥肉。 dhowever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whoever, whichever/ no matter (who, what, where, when,)whatever, whenever, whoever, whichever 等可引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，也可引导让步
32、状语从句。no matter who/what/where/when 等不可引导名词性从句，只可引导状语从句。Whoever breaks the law shall be punished.Dont let them in, whoever (=no matter who) they are.Whenever/ No matter when you come back, dont wake me up.However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, Ill take it.ewhether.or (not) . whether.or (not) .
33、意思是不管还是。 Whether you believe it or not, its true. 不管你信不信，这是真的。 Whether the weather is good orbad, they will set off as planned. 不管天气是好还是坏，他们都要按计划启程。 提示： 也可直接用 or 来连接两个相同结构来表示让步。 Walking or sleeping, she always has the question in her mind. 无论走路还是睡觉，她总是想着这个问题。fas 连词 as，同 though 一样，也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。 Young as he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。(= Though he is young, he.) Cold as it is, the children play outdoors.第 8 页 共 9 页 虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。第 9 页 共 9 页