小学英语语法总结(共41页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上小学英语语法总结 一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives Leafleaves 5不规则名词复数： man-men,

2、 woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ peach_ sandwich _dish_bus

3、_ man_ woman_ 二、一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍 【No. 1】一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成 1. be动词：主语 be(am,is,are) 其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语 行为动词( 其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。

4、 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 【No. 2】一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句：主语 be not 其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be 主语 其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 非凡疑问句：疑问词 一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语 dont( doesnt ) 动词原形( 其它)。如： I dont like br

5、ead. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如： He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如： - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如： - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 动词 s的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以s. x. sh. c

6、h. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般现在时用法专练: 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ wash_ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2.

7、Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a wa

8、lk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17

9、. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday 三、现在进行时 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be 动词ing. 3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5现

10、在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词不达意 be 主语 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词不达意 be 动词ing? 动词加ing的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习： 一、写出下列动词的现在分词： play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ ha

11、ve_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English less

12、on . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 四、将来时理论及练习 一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, nex

13、t day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：be going to do； will do. 三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、同义句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. =

14、 I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习： 填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2.我们将要学习英语 We _ _ _ learn English. We _ learn English.五、一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn

15、t） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent） 3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt 动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 动词过去式变化规则： 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：work_-worked , cook-cooked 2结尾是e加d，如：live_lived 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母 y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, ar

16、e-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat 过去时练习 写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ ta

17、ste_ eat_ put _ kick_ pass_ do _ Be动词的过去时练习（1） Name _ No. _ Date _ 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. The

18、re _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening. 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 行为动词的过去时练习（2） Name _ No. _ Date _ 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2.

19、Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my moth

20、er _. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 六、人称代词和物主代词 主格宾格 形容词性 名词性 I me my mine you you youryours he him his his she her her hers itit its its we us our ours they them theirtheirs 习题 一.用所给词的适当形式填空 1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but

21、 _ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 二、用am, is, are 填空 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The m

22、an with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they?语法及练习1 be动词Be 动词的用法：(1) Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，复数全用are。(2) 肯定和否定句 I a

23、m (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.(3) 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.用恰当的be动词填空。1. I _ a boy. _ you a b

24、oy? No, I _ not.2. The girl_ Jacks sister.3. The dog _ tall and fat.4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5. _ your brother in the classroom?6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home.7. How _ your father?8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.9. Whose dress _ this?10. Whose socks _ they?11. That _ my red skirt.

25、12. Who _ I?13.The jeans _ on the desk.14. Here _ a scarf for you.15. Here _ some sweaters for you.16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang.17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling.18. The two cups of milk _ for me.19. Some tea _ in the glass.20. Gao shans shirt _ over there.21. My sisters name _Nancy.22.

26、This _ not Wang Fangs pencil.23. _ David and Helen from England?24. There _ a girl in the room.25. There _ some apples on the tree.26. _ there any kites in the classroom?27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle?28. There _ some bread on the plate.29. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten wome

27、n in the park.30. You, he and I _ from China.语法及练习2 人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。一.填写代词表主格。Iitweyouthemhisyourhers二.用所给词的适当形式填空。1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. T

28、he dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )8. Sh

29、ow _ your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _

30、 camera. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they )15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger!16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she )17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we )18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they )19. I have a lovely brot

31、her. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he )20. May I sit beside _? ( you )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ）22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )语法及练习3 名词复数和动词三单一、名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-br

32、ushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Jap

33、anese-Japanese练习：写出下列各词的复数。I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ book_child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ people_二动词三单的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes,

34、watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ teach_语法及练习4 一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我

35、每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +

36、主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人

37、称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?一般现在时用法专练:一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) new