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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上知识汇总词 汇一、名词（Nouns）1.可数名词的复数变化基本规则类别变化规则例词一般情况在词尾加sdesk-desks以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词在词尾加esbus-buses box-boxesdish-dishes peach-peaches辅音字母加y结尾的词把y变i再加esbaby-babies以f,fe 结尾的词把f或fe变v再加esleaf-leaves knife-knives以o 结尾的词在词尾加es在词尾加spotato-potatoeszoo-zoosTips: 把f或fe变v再加es的辅助记忆口诀： 妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去宰狼(w
2、olf)，小偷(thief)见了心发慌。躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。2.名词复数的其他变化类别例词不规则复数形式child-children tooth-teeth man- men woman-womenfoot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese mouse mice单复数同形sheep fish deer Chinese集体名词people family army policeTips: 不能说a people, a police, 但可以说a person, a policeman二、形容词（Adj
3、ectives）1.形容词的比较级、最高级的规则变化类别比较级构成最高级构成例词一般情况在词尾加-er在词尾加-esttall-taller-tallest以e结尾的词在词尾加-r在词尾加-stnice-nicer-nicest以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词把y变i再加er把y变i再加estheavy-heavier-heaviest重读闭音节词且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母，再加上er双写这个辅音字母，再加上estbig-bigger-biggest部分双音节和多音节词前面加more前面加most(最高级前一般加the)useful-more useful-most useful2.形
4、容词的比较级、最高级的不规则变化good/ well better-best many/much-more-most bad/ill-worse-worstfar- farther/further-farthest/furthest little-less-leastTips: right, wrong, full, favourite 等形容词没有比较级和最高级形式。三、冠词(Articles)1.冠词的用法冠词主要用法示例不定冠词（a,an）元音音素前用an,辅音音素前用a相当于oneThere is a fox in the forest.第一次提到的某人或某物，非特指I met an
5、old man on my way home.代表一类人或物A bird can fly.泛指一类人或物中的某一个人I am a student.用于习惯用语中have a look, have a try, for a while定冠词（the）特指某一件事、物或人The book is Mikes.上文中提过的事、物或人I have a kite. The kite is nice.指谈话双方都知道的事、物或人Open the door, please!用在姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人The Greens are sitting at the table.用在世界上独一无二的事物前The
6、sun is bright.用在乐器名词前I like playing the piano.用在序数词前Sarah lives on the fifth floor.用在形容词最高级前Tom is the youngest of five.用在习惯用语中 in the morning, by the way2. 不用冠词的情况不用冠词的情况示例在国家名（非缩写）、人名等专有名词前China, America, Amy, Mary在表示月份、星期等的名词前in June, on Friday在表示三餐、球类和娱乐运动的名词前have lunch , play football称呼、官衔、职位的名
7、词前Mr. Zhang, Doctor Li复数名词表示泛指，表示一类人或事物Books are our friends.冠词通常不与其他的修饰词共同使用 This is my pen. () This is my a pen. ()在一些固定搭配中by bike, in hospital, in bed, at night四、代词（Pronouns）1. 人称代词的单数、复数、主格、宾格人 称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he/she/ithim/her/ ittheythem2. 物主代词人 称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数复数单
8、数复数第一人称myourmineours第二人称youryouryoursyours第三人称his/her/itstheirhis/hers/itstheirsTips:形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词，例如：my book=mine3. 反身代词 myself (我自己) yourself (你自己) himself (他自己) herself (她自己) itself (它自己) ourselves ( 我们自己) yourselves (你们自己) themselves (他们自己)五、动词 (Verbs)动词常见的三种形式：构成例词第三人称单数形式一般在词尾加shelp-help
9、s like- likes以s,x,o, sh, ch结尾的，后加eswash-washes watch-watches do-does以辅音字母加y结尾的，将y改为i，再加esfly-flies study-studies不规则变化have-has现在分词（-ing形式）在词尾直接加inggo-going buy-buying以e结尾的，e不发音时，去e再加上inghave-having make-making以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写这个辅音字母，再加上ingrun-running swim-swimmingget-getting sit-sitting cut-cu
10、tting过去式（-ed形式）在词尾直接加edclean-cleaned stay-stayed以e结尾的，e不发音时，加dlike-liked live-lived 以辅音字母加y结尾的，将y改为i，再加edcry-cried try-tried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写这个辅音字母，再加上edplan-planned stop-stopped（动词过去式不规则变化汇总参见下发的资料）六、数词 （Numerals）1. 基数词变序数词的规律：一二三，特殊记，八去t，九去e,ve要用f替，ty变y为ie，后加th别忘记，要是遇上几十几，只变个位就可以。2.必备词汇：基数词
11、序数词基数词序数词基数词序数词onefirst (1st)eleveneleventh(11th )twenty-onetwenty-first(21st)twosecond(2nd)twelvetwelfth(12th )twenty-twotwenty-second(22nd)threethird(3rd)thirteenthirteenth(13th)twenty-threetwenty-third (23rd)fourfourth(4th)fourteenfourteenth(14th)twenty-fourtwenty-fourth (24th)fivefifth(5th)fifte
12、enfifteenth (15th )thirtythirtieth (30th)sixsixth(6th)sixteensixteenth ( 16th )fortyfortieth ( 40th)sevenseventh(7th)seventeenseventeenth(17th ) fiftyfiftieth (50th )eighteighth(8th)eighteeneighteenth (18th )eightyeightieth (80th )nineninth(9th)nineteennineteenth (19th )ninetyninetieth (99th)tentent
13、h(10th)twentytwentieth (20th )one hundredone hundredth(100th) 表示具体日期： I was born on February 22nd.七、介词 （Prepositions）分类内容表示时间at在（几点） in 在（年、月） on 在（星期、日期） after在之后 before在之前 fromto从到表示方位at 在 in 在里面 on 在上面 near在附近 next to 挨着 behind 在后面 in front of 在前面 under 在下方 beside 在旁边 between 在之间 above 在上方表示方向int
14、o进入 out 外面 across 横穿 through 穿过 其他 of 的 with 用 for 为；给 about 关于Tips: on 表示与物体接触的上方 above表示不与物体接触的上方八、副词 (Adverbs) 形容词变副词的一般规律类别构成例词大部分形容词在词尾加lyreal-really slow-slowly以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i，再加lyhappy-happily easy-easily某些一辅音字母加不发音e结尾的和以ue结尾的先去掉e,再加上y或lygentle-gently true-truly必备词汇分类内容频度副词always usually often
15、 sometimes never 疑问副词how when where why程度副词very much quite enough almost little so 时间副词now then today yesterday tomorrow last night at first地点副词Here there everywhere方式副词句 子一陈述句肯定形式变否定形式类别方法示例谓语动词为be动词（am, is, are, was, were）在be动词后直接加notHe is a student. He is not(isnt) a student.He was a teacher befo
16、re. He wasnt a teacher before.谓语动词含有情态动词(can, will, must, should.)在情态动词后直接加notHe can play football well. He cant play football well.谓语动词为实义动词，且没有情态动词、助动词在谓语动词前加dont，doesnt (三单用)，didnt (过去时用)I like apples. I dont like apples.He likes apples. He doesnt like apples.I liked apples before. I didnt like a
17、pples before. Tips: not与其他词连在一起时，一般写为缩略形式，但am not不缩写。常见缩略形式如下：is not=isnt are not= arent was not=wasnt were not=werent do not= dont does not=doesnt did not=didnt have not=havent has not= hasnt should not=shouldntmust not=mustnt need not=neednt cannot=cant will not=wont 二、陈述句变一般疑问句类别方法示例谓语动词为be动词（am,
18、 is, are, was, were）第一步: 把be动词放在句首第二步：改大小写； 句号改为问号。He is kind. Is he kind?谓语动词含有情态动词(can, will, must, should.)第一步：把情态动词直接放在句首。第二步：改大小写； 句号改为问号。（注意人称的变化） I can sing. Can you sing?谓语动词为实义动词，且没有情态动词、助动词第一步：在句首加Do/ Does/Did后用动词原形。第二步：改大小写； 句号改为问号。（注意人称的变化）He goes to school on foot.Does he go to school o
19、n foot?Tips: 在改一般疑问句时，注意人称的变化。I, we改为you; my, our改为your。除了 “ Can I?” “Would you like?” 这两句中的some不用改为any 之外，其余疑问句中的some要改为any。三、特殊疑问句 构成： 特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句What (什么) What are you doing?Which (哪一个) Which season do you like best?Where (哪里) Where do you come from?When (什么时候) When do you get up?Who (谁) Who is
20、he?Whose ( 谁的) Whose T-shirt is that?Why ( 为什么) Why is he so upset?How ( 怎样 ) How was your trip?How old ( 多大岁数) How old are you?How many ( 多少 ) How many books are there on the desk?How much ( 多少钱) How much is your dress?四、感叹句 What + 名词 What a tall girl (she is)!How+形容词 How funny(the story is)! 五、祈使句
21、类别形式示例肯定祈使句1.谓语动词是动词原形的2. be+ 名词短语或形容词3. let + 宾语+ 动词原形1. Stand up.2. Be careful.3. Let me help you.否定祈使句1. 以动词原形和be开头的，直接在句首+ Dont2.以please 开头的祈使句，在please后+dont3. let开头的祈使句有两种变化A. 直接在let前+DontB. let+宾语+not4. no开头的祈使句1.Sit down, please. Dont sit down, please.Be sad. Dont be sad.2. Please stop. Pleas
22、e dont stop.3. Lets go to school.A. Dont lets go to school.B. Lets not go to school.4. No fishing. No swimming.六、there be 句型与have 句型1. there be 表示某地有某物/某人 (谓语动词的单复数要与最接近be 动词的那个主语的单复数保持一致，即“就近原则”。)There is an egg and some apples on the table.There are some apples and an egg on the table.2. have/ has
23、 表示某人/ 某物有某物 I have many books. A horse has four legs. 时 态类别构成常用搭配词例句一般现在时1.主语+动词原形2.主语+动词三单形式often, sometimes, usually, always, on the weekend, every+时间等I often watch TV.Tom plays football every day.一般过去式主语+动词过去式yesterday,ago, just now, last+时间等I watched TV yesterday.He was a student ten years ago.一般将来时1. 主语+be going to/ will +动词原形2. 主语+be going to +地方tomorrow, tonight, this +时间，next +时间等I am going to watch TV tonight.He will take a trip next week.Were going to the zoo this Sunday.现在进行时主语+be+动词现在分词look, listen，nowI am watching TV now.Listen! The boy is singing.专心-专注-专业