首字母填空技巧整理(共18页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上首字母填空技巧整理整体思路:首字母填空类短文题是近几年各省、市中考题经常采用的题型之一,这种题难度相对较大,考生失分现象很严重。主观型首字母填空也称为限制型完形填空。它的特点是将一篇文章中若干个词“掏空”,留下该词的首字母,它既作为提示又作为限制,让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整,使文章连贯。学生们在通读全文、掌握大意的前提下,采用先易后难,再逐项填空的应试策略。做题时要通过字里行间来捕捉信息,既要理清逻辑,又要综合考虑,最后通过复读全文来消除疏漏。给首字母填空类短文的阅读题属于能力测试的范畴,它考查的范围极广,可以是英语知识的方方面面,还可能涉及其它学科。它要求考

2、生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来,并且单词形式合理,符合语法规范,符合短文需要。下面就讲一讲做这类题的方法与技巧:1. 通读短文知大意,看整体全面了解与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样,首先要通读短文,了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成,只要能了解短文的大意即可,细节不理解可以跳过。因此,在解题之前通读一遍短文,目的是对文章有个全面的了解,弄清其中心思想和大意。2. 复读短文抓信息,前后照应巧猜词在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文,目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头(一般不设空)和结尾,它们能提供主要的信息,帮

3、助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中,要注意上、下文的关系,这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外,要学会跳读,即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式,待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题,有时出现约 3%5% 的生词是很正常的,这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测,来确定它的词义。3. 反复推敲多分析,慎重答题讲技巧4. 认真复查全文,把握整体和词形做完以后,再认真读一遍,检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符,文章是否通顺,前后是否呼应,有无句型结构及语法错误。从实际中看,很多学生能够充分利用词首字母和短文内容填写单词,但是,问题往往出现在单词的形式变化上。

4、比如填 q ,要求填写 quickly ,而多数考生只知道填写 quick ,忽略了词性问题。因此,深思熟虑很重要。通过以上对首字母填空类型题的讲解,同学们一定对这类题型有了更多的了解,掌握了此类题的考点和做题的技巧后,给同学们准备了以下的练习题,请同学们及时巩固学习内容。例1:Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词,首字母已给)A:Hi,how are you?B:Fine,thanks. Yesterday morning I saw your fathe

5、r in the street, I went up to takl to him, but he said he didnt know me. I was confused.A: It c_(1)_ be him! My father was at home studying English at that time.B: Oh, sorry! I must have made a mistake. But why is your father studying English now?A: He wants to i_(2)_ his English. Last month he went

6、 to New York, U.S.A. He couldnt go anywhere alone because he didnt understand people there. Once he was almost l_(3)_. And when he felt h_(4)_, he even didnt know i_(5)_ theres a good place to eat.B: What a pity! He should have studied English really hard if he often goes to English-speaking countri

7、es.A: Youre right. Now he is studying English b_(6)_ listening to tapes.B: Good. By the way, are you free tonight? How about having dinner and then see the latest 3D m_(7)_?A: OK, thats great! See you later.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Key:1. cant(couldnt) 2. improve 3. lost 4. hungry 5. if 6.

8、by 7. movie首字母填空小技巧:揣测句意(结合语境)(1)It c_(1)_ be him! My father was at home studying English at that time.在上篇完型中我们讲到了符号的重要性,此处各位注意找一下,关键符号“!”,我们知道感叹号可以表示惊讶、非常肯定等,我们在把视线移到后半句,我的爸爸那个时候正在家里学习英语,结合两者,我们可以确定“那不可能是他”,应该用cant来表示不可能(2)He wants to i_(2)_ his English. Last month he went to New York, U.S.A. He co

9、uldnt go anywhere alone because he didnt understand people there. 所谓有因必有果,如果读完以上三句句子,我们不难发现后面两句是第一句的因,从后两句来看,上个月他去了美国纽约(去干吗呢?)。他不能单独地去任何地方因为他不能理解那里的人。(其实就是语言不通)由此可见,他想要的是提升自己的英语水平,want to后要跟动词原形,故用improve(3)、(4)、(5)需要结合起来来看,Once he was almost l_(3)_. And when he felt h_(4)_, he even didnt know i_(5)

10、_ theres a good place to eat.首先我们要知道Once是什么意思,这里的once解释为曾经,然后我们又可以发现在后半句开头有个And,前后句子之间存在着并列关系,他曾经几乎_。并且当他感到_,他甚至不知道_有好的吃饭的地方。关键的地方在于“eat”这个动词,关于吃,那肯定是感到饿了,(3)应该填hungry,(5)这个词根据前后判断应该是连词,i开头的连词,我们初中就学到的一个,那就是if,犹未注意这里的if是表示是否的意思。后半句语意完整了,那我们就通过揣测后半句来推前半句,后半句的句意为并且当他感到饥饿的时候,他设置不知道是否有好的吃饭的地方。用and并列两个相同

11、的情况,除了饥饿之外,那就是迷路了,所以要用到词组be lost,(3)处应该填lost(6)Now he is studying English b_(6)_ listening to tapes.(6)前后的关系,我们知道现在他正在学习英语通过听磁带的方式。(7)By the way, are you free tonight? How about having dinner and then see the latest 3D m_(7)_? 现在最流行的就是3D电影了,所以出现了3D,那后面又是以m字母开头,显然应该填movie,此处应该用单数,因为前面有最高级例2:Read the

12、passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词,首字母已给)Dreams may be more important than sleep. Some people dont need much sleep. H_(1)_, we all need to dream according to the scientists.Dreaming may be a w_(4)_ of trying to find an answer. Some people get new ideas abo

13、ut their work from dreams. They could have been t_(5)_ about their work all day. Then these things go into their dreams.Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling from a dream. But often we cant remember the dream. Dreams can d_(6)_ quickly from memory.Too much dreaming isnt good. The m_(7)_ we sleep,

14、 the longer we dream. Our mind is hard at work when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Key:1. However 2. every 3. like 4. way 5. thinking 6. disappear 7. more首字母填空小技巧:判断词性与句子成分(1)通过这个空格,大家很容易判断在逗号前常出现的就是转折副词However然而,我们在将结合上下句意思进行

15、检验,一些人不需要太多的睡眠。然而,根据科学家所说,我们都需要做梦。前后句子的关系是转折关系。(2)从句子成分而言,e_ night在句子中做时间状语,从词性来讲,night是跟名词,前应用形容词来修饰,所以此处应该填的是every(3)Some dreams are l_(3)_ old films.在句子成分中,此处要不做的是状语,要不做的就是表语,若做表语(3)处填的就应该是一个形容词或者名词,但是从整句句意来看,(3)应该填的是介词,在整句句子中作状语,表示的意思为一些梦就像是老电影(4)a冠词后面往往跟的是名词短语,而在(4)有介词of,所以(4)填的是一个名词,结合整句句子来看,做

16、梦也许是尝试找到一个答案的方法(5)have been t_,这个结构中很容易看出是一个时态的结构,在be动词后如果跟现在分词表示进行,如果be动词后跟过去分词,则表示被动,从此处来看不存在被动关系,所以此处应该用现在分词thinking,整句话的意思为他们却不能一整天在谈论他们的工作(6)Dreams can d_(6)_ quickly from memory. 在can情态动词之后应该跟动词原形,所以(6)应该填的是一个动词,从整句话中可以看出,梦能够从记忆中快速消失,所以用disappear(7)The m_(7)_ we sleep, the longer we dream. 此句中

17、用了一个the+比较级,the+比较级的结构,从后一句来看longer是副词的比较级,所以前者应该也用副词的比较级,整句句意表示为我们睡的越多,我们做梦的时间就越长,所以此处填more例3:Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词,首字母已给)Games a _(3)_ get your brain(脑子)to work fast. When you play games, you have to work out w_(4)_ to do in a very

18、short time. Your brain, eyes and hands must work quickly. It makes you free from schoolwork and helps you e_(5)_ yourself and relax.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Key:1. help 2. fun 3. also 4. what 5. enjoy 6. hurt 7. without首字母填空小技巧:(1)may后应该跟的是动词原形,通过整句话的意思应填help,而在初中要学到一个词组help sb(to)do sth,从而

19、验证此处应填help(2)根据比较连词than,这里应该填的是一个形容词的比较级(be+形容词),而前面有more这个形容词的比较级,后面应该填一个名词,比起去上电脑课他们更有趣些。所以此处填名词fun(3)通过句意与词性判断,这里应该填一个副词,而整句句子意思为游戏也能使你的脑子快速地工作(4)疑问词+不定式的结构,因为do后应跟的是宾语,所以应该用what to do,句意是你不得不在很短的时间内找出做什么(5)词组enjoy oneself,通过and这个表示并列的连词,而后面relax表示and前面也应该有表示娱乐的意义在里面(6)词组get hurt,if这个连词引导的是条件性状语从

20、句,如果你在电脑前坐很长的时间,你的手、背和眼睛会受到伤害,所以此处填hurt(7)从句意进行判断:孩子们不应该用电脑超过30分钟没有休息的情况下,这里应该填without这个介词,表示在没有.例4:Heres a story about Mings life on the waters. Ming has lived all his life on a wide r 1 in China. His home is a large house-boat with a roof, one of hundreds that move up and down. In about six years

21、he has not once been on l 2 but he is never lonely. He is a strong swimmer. In fact, he could swim before he could walk. When he wants to play with his f 3 he just swims across to their boats or asks them to v 4 him.Mings father is a fisherman, but he never u5 a line or a net(网). Great black birds c

22、alled cormorants do the fishing for him. Rings(圈)have been put around the birds n 6 so that they cannot eat the fish they catch. They have been t 7 to bring the fish to people. And then people reward(奖励)them with a fine big fish as soon as their work is f 8 Ming loves watching the cormorants, but be

23、tter still he likes going s 9 with his mother. The shops, of course, are boats very like his o 10 .1. river 2. land 3. friends 4.visit 5. uses 6. necks 7. taught/trained 8. finished 9. shopping 10. own【解析】本篇短文第一句“关于明的在水上的生活”,给大家一个总体的信息,重点是“on the waters”,而且时态为现在时。1. 既然Ming的生活是和水紧密联系的,所以第一个空就很容易了,r打头

24、的关于水的单词,就是river,因为前面有冠词a,所以只用单数形式。2.通过前文可以得知,“Ming住在一个船型的屋子里,6年里他从来没有到过*,但是他从来不孤单”,也就是说他非常喜欢在水上的生活,因此可以推测出他从来没有来过陆地,填land。3.本空的关键在play with,通常后面可以加fire、snow,但是与文意不符,所以是与朋友们玩,后文的their说明是复数形式,填friends。4.本空的ask them to * him和or之前的swims across to their boats是相互对应的,要么Ming去朋友那里,要么他的朋友来看他,所以填visit,表示拜访的意思。

25、5.本句说到,Ming的父亲是一位渔夫,一位渔夫捕鱼用线或者网是非常正常的事情,但but表示转折,说明他的父亲与一般渔夫不一样,不使用线或者网,后文的birds do the fishing for him也说明他自己不需要用这些工具。他的父亲是第三人称,所以填uses。6.本题是难题,通过上下文可以得知,Ming的父亲在那些鸬鹚的某个部位圈上了圈,所以它们就不能把捕到的鱼吃下去了。通常鸬鹚吃鱼是直接吞的,如果不让它们吃下去的话只能在脖子上圈住,这样鱼就会卡住,吞不下去,而且鸬鹚是复数形式,所以填necks。7.那些鸬鹚不是天生就会为Ming的父亲捕鱼的,而是通过后天的训练和教导,所以填tau

26、ght或者trained。8.通过句意得知,当鸬鹚的工作*了之后,它们会得到一大条鱼作为奖励,从逻辑上来看,应该是完成工作后,而且空前有is,所以填finished。9.最后一句中,出现了shop,提示了此空和shop有关,应该是由go引导固定词组,go shopping,表示去购物。10.本题也是难题。因为Ming是生活在水上的,那么肯定商店也是在水上的,从短文的第二句可以推测出,商店也是和Ming的家的外形很像,所以填own,词组of ones own表示某人的,这里解释为“这个商店也和Ming自己的家外形很像”。例5:Can animals be made to work for peo

27、ple? Some scientiststhink that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs i 1 ofpeople. They say that at a circus(杂技场),forexample, we may see elephants, monkeys, dogs and other animals doing q 2 skillful(熟练的)things. Perhaps you have seen them onthe television or in a film. If you w

28、atch closely, you may find that thetrainer always g 3 the animalsome sugar o4 a piece of fruit as a reward. The scientistssay that many d 5 animals may be trained to do a lot of simple things if they know theywill get a reward f 6 doing that.1. instead 2. quite 3. gives 4.or 5. different 6. for 7. t

29、imes 8. used 9. making 10. factories【解析】本篇短文的首句,用一个疑问句来提出了“动物可以为人类工作?”,说明本篇文章将围绕此问题展开,而且时态为现在时。1.通过本句句意理解,“科学家认为有一天动物可以被训练,然后做一些简单的工作”,意思与文章首句呼应,所以是代替人们做简单的工作,填insteadof,表示代替。2.本空可以使用语法上的技巧。如果本空忽略不看的话,句子仍然是成立的,说明填的单词词形不会是名词、动词或形容词,所以只能填副词来修饰skillful,那么“非常”可以用quite来表示,因此填quite。3.本空应该填动词,当动物做好表演时,训练者会

30、给动物一些奖励,所以填gives。4.本题很好理解,要么给动物一些糖,要么就给水果,填or,表示选择性。5.通过上文可以得知,现在大象、猴子、狗和其他动物都被训练做了许多事情,所以动物的种类是多种多样的,空格前的many也提示了不同种类的,所以填different。6.本题很好理解,作为的奖励,用介词for。7.本题考察的是词组的运用,表示在以前和现在,填times,表示时代。8.在以前和现在,士兵们都用鹅来发警报,使用某物,填use,前面有have表示现在完成时,因此填used。9.本题考察的是词组的固定搭配,通过让鹅制造噪音来提醒士兵们有敌人靠近了,词组是makenoise,前面有介词by

31、,所以填making。10.本题的逻辑词是or,表示选择性,说明本空也是一个表示地点的词,并且同样是由介词in引导,所以不能填farm(onthe farms)而且应该和families呼应,要用复数形式,填factories。A kite-board is in fact a skateboard(滑雪板)drawn(拉)by a few big flying kites. The old game was p 4 by some young peoplein Holland and Spain as e 5 as the last century.Since the board was h

32、ard to control, f 6 people dared(敢)to play it. With thedevelopment of the design of kite and skateboard, many people can l 7 how to play it. A kiteboard may go as f 8 as about 50 kilometers an hour. Ifyou havent had any practice, youd better not play it. It is not s 9 .It is said that the game can e

33、xercise not only your b 10 but also the sensitivity of your brain(大脑的敏捷).1. won 2.difficult/dangerous 3. carefully 4. played 5.early 6. few 7.learn 8. fast 9. safe 10. body【解析】通过本文第一句,可以得知文章的中心主体是 kite-board(风筝板,冲浪运动的一种,可以借助风力飞上天)。1. 通过文章首句,可以得知近些年风筝板越来越流行,既然如此流行,必定会让年轻人产生浓厚的兴趣,空1所在的句子的兴趣用了interest名

34、词形式,说明要用一个动词来表示出“引起、得到”的意思,那么很容易想到“赢得某人的兴趣”,用win,前面有has是现在完成时,所以win改成won。2. 空2的关键点在于逻辑词but,but表示前后意思的转折,“风筝板很有趣,但是也很*”,那么和“有趣”相对的就是“危险”或者“困难”,所以dangerous或difficult皆可。3. 第一段最后一句是前面一句的延伸,如果空2填出来,空3就不成问题,正是因为这项运动很危险,所以玩的时候必须要非常小心仔细,填carefully。4. 文章首句就有playing kite-board,提示出空4应该是play的被动语态,填played。5. 本题考

35、察的是asas的结构,当中填形容词或者副词的原级,关键点在结构后的last century,既然已经是上个世纪,不难想出应该是“和上世纪一样早”,所以填early。6. 本局先有Since引导出了一个原因,“因为风筝板非常难以控制”,而导致“结果就是很少有人敢玩”,所以填few。7. 本题难度不大,是“许多人们可以学习如何去玩”,所以填learn。8. 本题的关键在于空格后的50 kilometers an hour(每小时50公里),不难得知这是一个速度,所以是和这速度一样快,所以填fast。9. 本题是逻辑题,通过前半句可以得知“如果没有练习,最好不要玩”,后半句就是解释为什么不要去玩,因

36、为不是很安全,所以填safe。10. 通过整篇文章,我们对风筝板的运动有了一个大概的了解,它可以让人们得到锻炼,所以是锻炼身体,因此填body。例7:Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词,首字母已给)We call the Chinese New Year the Spring Festival. There is a n_(1)_ for each Chinese year - the year of the sheep, the year of the

37、monkey, the year of the tiger, etc.Before New Years Day, people are b_(2)_ cleaning their houses and doing some shopping. On New Years Eve, there is a big family dinner. After dinner, all the family stay up late to w_(3)_ the New Year. On the f_(4)_ day of the New Year, people put on their new c_(5)

38、_ and go to visit their relatives and friends. They sayHappy New Year!a_(6)_ some other greetings to each other. People u_(7)_ have a very good time during the festival.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _(1)所谓近指的是指横线部分与重要信息属于同一句句中,而(1)题中,破折号起解释说明的作用,是解题的关键,“the year of the sheep, the year of the monk

39、ey, the year of the tiger, etc.”这部分明显是对a+名词,其中名词的解释,根据这点,判断应填name(2)还是用“近”的方法,关键在于此句中cleaning,are _ doing,这个词组我们就立刻可以想到be busy doing的结构(4)、(5)在这句话中同时出现了两个空格,这时就需要纵观全句进行首字母填空,从最完整的先看and go visit their relatives and friends去拜访他们的亲戚和朋友,and与前半部分有着承接的关系,put on这个词组表示穿上,穿上的必然是衣服,所以填clothes(注意不能填cloth,要用复数)

40、再通过已填的空与the我们可以得出应该是在新年的第一天,所以应用first(6)“Happy New Year”与greetings属于同类,都是表示问好,所以用and连接(7)从整句句子来看,在行为动词前应该常用副词修饰,通过全句的解释,应用usually例8:Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词,首字母已给)When the Chinese swimmer Liu Zige won the gold medal in the womens 200-met

41、er butterfly at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, many people said her success was just good l_(1)_. Now, Lius talent and effort has proved that she is no falling star in world swimming.At the World Cup short-course meet in berlin on November 15, 2009, Liu broke her own world record that had been set four

42、days earlier in Stockholm, Sweden, in the womens 200-meter butterfly. During the past month, she has won gold medals and b_(2)_ the world record three times in this event.Liu attributes her great success to her tough training. The 20-year-old girl says she hasnt had a day off s_(3)_ she won the silv

43、er medal at Rome World Championships in July, 2009.Liu started swimming at the age of seven. A_(6)_ being trained at a sports school in Benxi, Liaoning for two years, she joined a swimming club and began her career. In 2007, Liu joined the national s_(7)_ team.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _Key:1

44、. luck 2. broken 3. since 4. why 5. much 6. After 7. swimming首字母填空小技巧:推理法(1)many people said her success was just good l_(1)_. Now, Lius talent and effort has proved that she is no falling star in world swimming. 这个空要填出来,我们需要先结合语言环境进行判断,这里我们用从后往前推的方法:现在,刘的天赋和努力已经证明了她在世界泳坛并不是一个失败的明星。从这句话我们看,说明之前有人说她是

45、失败的明星,前句表示许多人说她的成功只是好运(与后一句推测的意思相吻合),所以此处应该填luck,因为good是形容词后应该填的是名词(2)During the past month, she has won gold medals and b_(2)_ the world record three times in this event.在过去的几个月,她已经赢得了多枚金牌,这里的并列连词and表示前后应该是并列的关系,后面我们也可以想到一个词组break the record 打破记录,由此应该填break,但要注意时态的变化,这里与前面的won共用一个has,所以应该填过去分词broke

46、n(3)The 20-year-old girl says she hasnt had a day off s_(3)_ she won the silver medal at Rome World Championships in July, 2009.这题我们可以通过语法点来解题,前句用的现在完成时态,后句用的一般过去时态,那连接这一时态的连词在我们初中学习的s开头的只有since(5)Liu doesnt care too m_(5)_ about setting the world record. 跟在too这个副词以m开头的字母有两个,一个是many,一个是much,这边它表示的是一

47、个抽象的概念,意思是刘并不关注太多关于创造世界记录。所以应该用much来修饰抽象的概念(6)A_(6)_ being trained at a sports school in Benxi, Liaoning for two years, she joined a swimming club and began her career.通过语法知识来解题,A之后是一个动名词的被动语态,在这里考查的是介词后加动名词,通过推测法,后面句意比较完整,从后向前推,她加入了一个游泳俱乐部并开始她的职业生涯。由此看前面的意思为在辽宁的本溪的一所运动学校被锻炼了两年。前半部分是在后半部分之前,所以应该用After(7)In 2007, Liu joined the national s_(7)_ team.在_年,刘加入了国家游泳队。这里是一个事件的先后,加入了游泳俱乐部后,之后通过努力加入了国家游泳队,所以应该用swimming

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