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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考英语首字母填空解题技巧讲解学法指导1. 总述首字母填空既考查学生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，也考查了学生对文章的阅读理解能力。其中，着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识的能力，根据文章内容进行合理的逻辑推断和分析概括的能力。一般来讲，在考试中，七个首字母，会涉及到不同词性。以名词、动词、形容词和副词为主，虚词为辅。2. 解题技巧（1） 通读全文，了解大意通读全文的目的是能够做到整体把握文章，迅速的了解文章大意，并且对文章的整体结构和中心思想有一个基本的了解。通读全文时，不宜看一空填一空，以免造成所填答案不符合全文的要求。（2） 把握段首句中
2、考的首字母往往以议论文为主，而段落的开首句，往往揭示了整段的段意。因此在考试中，把握好段首句，可以窥探到整段的全貌，以首句的时态，意义为立足点，可以方便我们判断整段的大意及主题。（3） 抓住关键词文章的展开是按照一定的逻辑关系的，因此在文章中，作者也会使用一些关键的表现逻辑关系联词，例如：but、so、in addition等。这些关键词，可以帮助我们联系上下文展开合理的逻辑分析，了解所提问的特定语境和语篇的内在关系。（4） 熟悉考纲词组的固定搭配考纲搭配在中考的考查中占据了重要的位置，而在首字母中，也出现过直接考查固定搭配的情况，因此，在平时的学习过程中，需要巩固好考纲词组。（5） 联系上下
3、文解题在解题过程中，应当遵循“先易后难”的原则，当遇到解不出的题时，应当跳过。首字母填空着重考查学生对上下文的理解，因此，很多情况下，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，前面填不出的词，在下文中会有提示。因此，学生在作答时，应当加强联系前后文，充分利用上下文中的有效信息，确定答案。（6） 重读文章，检验答案当全部答完后，一定要把文章重新读一遍。查看文章是否通顺，语法是否有误。如果发现有不顺畅的地方，则需要再进行推敲。个别单词的形式要着重注意。例如：动词的时态，名词的单复数以及形容词副词的级。过关检测 练习1Mary and her husband, Richard Goldman, loved boo
4、ks. Like many lovers of books, they s_81_walked past a bookstore without stopping to look inside. They often talked of opening their own store one day.In order to realize their w_82_, they started by talking to bookstore owners and researching book business. One figure caught her attention: She had
5、read somewhere that about 20 percent of books sold were mysteries (推理小说), and many buyers of mysteries spent more than $300 a year on books. She and Richard were mystery r_83_and had a big collection of such books. On Halloween 1992, they opened the Mystery Lovers Bookshop and Caf near their home. W
6、ith three children in college, it was i_84_for the couple to spend all the familys money to start a shop. To cover the $100,000 cost, they used some of their savings, borrowed from relatives and from a bank.In order to a_85_customers, Mary always had new ways. The shop had a coffee bar and it offere
7、d presents to mystery lovers and served dinner for book clubs that met in the store. She also invited many writers to d_86_their stories with the buyers to let them understand the stories better. Now after paying taxes, business costs and the six part-time sales clerks, Richard and Mary together ear
8、n about $34,000.“The job we love may not go hand in hand with lots of money,” says Richard. “We do this to give an e_87_life to ourselves. This is not about making a lot of money. What matters is that we gain happiness from it.”【参考答案】seldom、wish、readers、impossible、attract、discuss、enjoyable小结本篇文章描述了一
9、对夫妇，因为热爱读书，最终也开了一家自己的书店的经历。文章难度适中。很多学生容易出错的是86题。很多学生填的是describe(描述),错误的原因是没有看到后面的介词搭配“with”，如果是describe的话，适当的介词应该选用“to”。因此，在做首字母时，需要前后文综合考虑。另外，最后一题，很多学生写的是exiting，但是没有注意到文章最后一句“gain happiness”，因此这里填enjoyable（快乐的）更为合适。词汇积累：单词 词性含义单词词性含义researchv.研究collectionn.收藏couplen.夫妇relativen.亲戚servev.服务，提供earnv
10、.挣，赚realize ones wish实现某人愿望catch ones attention吸引注意in order to do为了做某事gain happiness获得快乐练习2Most people know that intelligence quotient (IQ) is important, but EQ is probably more important in daily life. When facing an exam, EQ helps us to manage our feelings. When getting along with friends or paren
11、ts, EQ helps us to c_81_well. EQ is shaped partly by genetics（基因）. You can see some babies are quiet, while others are not. B_82_, EQ is something you can learn for yourself. You can learn what different feelings might mean and how they relate to yourself and others. If we learn in the right way, ou
12、r EQ can get better as we get older. Children with a high EQ usually have greater success with making friends. Having a high EQ needs a few different skills. Learning about these skills can help us to i_83_our EQ. But what are they? Lets take a look!1. Know yourselfMost people feel many different fe
13、elings t_84_the day. Some feelings like surprise last just a few seconds. Others, like happiness and sadness, may stay around much l_85_. Being able to recognize these everyday feelings is the most basic of all EQ skills. 2. Manage yourselfWe all get angry. We all have disappointments. But we need t
14、o control it. It is not always the right time or place to express our feelings. When you are angry with someone, take a deep breath and s_86_count to 10. This way, you can calm down. 3. Encourage yourself When you fail an exam, you may be disappointed. But there is something more effective you can d
15、olearn to encourage yourself. It gives you the energy and c_87_to move on. It helps you to build a strong heart. 【参考答案】communicate、Besides、improve、throughout/through、longer、slowly/silently/simply、confidence/courage小结本篇文章向我们介绍了什么是情商，并且如何提高情商。文章有一定的难度，选材并不属于学生特别熟悉的范畴。另外，所填的词属于较难高频词，对于成绩中等或者偏下的学生来说，具有一
16、定的杀伤力。因此，在平时的学习中，应当着重加强高频词汇的拼写和运用。另外，在填写首字母时，也应当注意所填词的正确形式。例如，本文中85题前有much，因此注意到所填词需要用比较级。词汇积累：单词 词性含义单词词性含义communicatev.交流improvev.提高lastv.持续recognizev.认出controlv.控制disappointedadj.失望的effectiveadj.有效的encouragev.鼓励energyn.能量confidencen.信心face an exam面对考试get along with与某人相处manage our feelings管理我们情绪ta
17、ke a deep breath深呼吸 练习3 You know that eating a sensible diet and getting plenty of exercise help make your body healthy and strong. But do you know that there are ways to make your brain healthier and smarter? Here are seven steps toward a smarter brain. Limit your TV viewingNever spend too much tim
18、e on TV viewing, for it n_81_very little brain activities. Your brain will become weak just as your muscles do. If you do watch TV, choose something educational and meaningful. TravelTravelling to a_82_country forces you to see and do things in a fresh way, bringing stimulation to the brain. Learn a
19、 new a languageLearning a new language involves different learning methods. Learning a language sharpens your brains and helps prevent memory p_83_that you may meet in later years. Read oftenAs you read, take the time to look up people or places that arent familiar. Reading makes your vocabulary muc
20、h l_84_if you always search for words and definitions that you dont know. Each week, choose an animal, a bird or a fish, and read everything you can about it. Stretch your brain as you become an expert on the subject. Calculate w_85_ you shopAs you put things in your grocery cart, total everything i
21、n your head. See how close you get to the actual total. Use your non-dominant（不占优势的）handIf you are right-handed, use your left hand for everyday activities, or use your right hand if you are left-handed. Doing familiar things in a different way will make your brain c_86_new neural networks. Wechat（微
22、信）！Read messages from people who have different interests. And some say that learning to express y_87_in just 100 words is a great brain challenge.Have a try and do these every day. Little by little you can get into the habit of challenging your brain, and make your brain smarter!【参考答案】needs、another
23、、problems、larger、when/while、create/cause、yourself/yourselves小结本篇文章向我们介绍了如何锻炼我们的大脑。本文难度适中，句子结构并不复杂。上下文之间的逻辑关系比较紧密。但是所填词的难度在于学生不能轻易的填出所需的适当形式。例如，81题，所填词为needs。在这里需要判断出need是一个实意动词，并不是情态动词，因此它有时态变化。而主语是“it”，因此需要加“s”。83题，所填词为problems。很多学生容易写成单数，没有注意到problem是可数名词，前面没有冠词“a”，因此需要添加“s”。84题，是很多学生容易失分的题目。首先，很多
24、学生不理解vocabulary的含义。另外，在这里的搭配是make sth adj.，解释为使.怎么样，因此填写的是形容词，而前面有much，因此填写比较级。词汇积累：单词 词性含义单词词性含义limit v.限制educationaladj.教育性的meaningfuladj.有意义的forcev.强迫expertn.专家familiaradj.熟悉的challengen/v.挑战plenty of exercise足够的锻炼make your vocabulary much larger使你的词汇更丰富sharpens your brain使你的大脑变敏捷express yourself表
25、达自己get into the habit of 养成习惯练习4The story behind the shopping cartCharactersSylvan Goldman- owner of a grocery shopFred YoungSylvans friend, a mechanic(机械师)One night in 1936, in an American city. Inside Freds workshop. Sylvan sits next to Fred, who is making adjustments（调试）to their new i_81_a shoppi
26、ng cart.Sylvan: My customers dont like our shopping cart.Fred: Really? So they p_82_shopping with those heavy baskets?Sylvan: (nods) Ive got a huge crowd of customers every day, b_83_none of them wants to use the cart. Fred: I dont understand .We invited the cart so people dont need to carry a baske
27、t around the shop.Sylvan: (laughs) And so that they will buy more groceries!Fred: So why dont they like the shopping cart?Sylvan: Young men think that pushing a cart around makes them look w_84_and slow, and young women think its unfashionable.Fred: Of course it isnt fashionable right now. Its only
28、just been invented! But Im sure older people will appreciate it.Sylvan: Um.Fred: What? They dont like the cart e_85_？Sylvan: Well, they think pushing it makes them look helpless!Fred: Oh, no. We need to do something, Fred. We cant just g_86_up on this invention!Sylvan: We wont. (He gets up and walks
29、 around the room. Suddenly, he stops) Aha! Ive got an idea.Fred: What is it?Sylvan: Ill hire(雇佣) some good-looking guys and girls to push the carts around and pretendthey are shopping.Fred: Oh! So the real shoppers will see these attractive people using the carts and think, Hey,if its good enough fo
30、r them, its good enough for me!Sylvan: E_87_.Fred: Hey! Maybe you could get one of the girls to greet your customers and encourage them to use the cart.Sylvan: Great idea!【参考答案】invention、prefer、but、weak、either、give、Exactly小结本文的题材比较新颖。是一个店主和机械师关于如何推广和鼓励消费者使用手推车的对话。文章的难点在于文章的逻辑并不像议论文那么紧密，需要在理解对话的基础上，进
31、行判断。学生容易错的是81题，很多学生写的是idea。错误在于没有联系上下文的搭配。破折号后面是购物车，因此这里调试的应该是一个实物。所以填invention更合适。此外，87题是很多学生头痛的一个词。因为这个词考查了在语境中的使用。exactly本义为确切地。而在英语对话中，往往可以一个词来表达同意前面一个人所说的内容，解释为确实如此。在平时的英语学习过程中，应当加强词汇在语境中的运用。注重中文与英文在表达上的不同。词汇积累：单词 词性含义单词词性含义preferv.更喜欢customern.顾客invitev.邀请 appreciate v.欣赏pretendv.假装attractivea
32、dj.有吸引力的greet sb.与某人打招呼encourage sb. to do鼓励某人做某事练习5Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly while you are trying to work or when your best friend does not wait for you after school?If you do, you need to take control of your feelings. Getting angry with others can cause you to l_81_friends.Ca
33、ry Egeberg, an American high school teacher, has written a book named My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals to help you control your feelings .The book tells how to stay cool when b_82_things happen. The book says that getting angry only makes problems w_83_. It can never make them better. “Getting
34、 angry is not a natural way to act,” the book says. “It is just a habit, like smoking.The book says you can control you feelings e_84_-all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry.The book gives many tips to help you if you get angry frequently. Here are the top three: Keep a r_85_.Every t
35、ime you get angry, write down why you are angry. Look at it later and you will see you get angry so often. Ask your friends to s_86_talking to you when you get angry. Leave you alone. This will teach you not to be angry. Do something d_87_. When you get angry, walk away from the problem and go somew
36、here else. Try to laugh.【参考答案】lose、bad、worse、easily、record、stop、different小结本文是关于如何控制自己的情绪。文章结构清晰，逻辑紧密，难度适中。本大题容易出错的词是85题。record这个词在考纲中既可以作动词，也可以作名词。作名词时解释为“记录、唱片”。很多学生没有想到这个词，因为record这个词是很多学生记忆盲点。从下文来看，需要写下为什么生气，方便日后可以查看。因此这条建议应该是做一个记录。在平时的单词学习中，应该对考纲中不熟悉的单词相应的做好笔记，并且试着自己造句进行理解和运用。词汇积累：单词 词性含义单词词性含义
37、causev.引起、造成naturaladj自然的habitn习惯 tipn小费、提示control your feelings控制你的情绪leave sb. alone让某人独处练习6Positive (积极的) people are usually happy. They often have a lot of friends. When they have a problem, they try to change the problem i_84_a chance .They believe things always work out. But can positive thinki
38、ng really make someones life better? Many scientists are studying positive thinking. They are finding out some very interesting information.Your Health The Mayo Clinic is a famous medical organization in the United States. It studies many things, including positive thinking. Their research proves th
39、at positive thinking has many advantages. First, positive thinking s_84_good health. Positive people dont worry about the bad events in life, so they stay healthy. Positive people are a_84_likely to exercise and eat healthy foods. Because of this, they dont usually get sick and dont have many health
40、 problems. At workDr. Michael is a professor in Germany. His research shows that positive people do well in jobs. There are several reasons for this. Positive people are creative. They dont expect o_84_to help them with problems. They solve problems themselves. And positive people dont give up. They
41、 keep trying to learn new things.Becoming PositiveIn the past, scientists thought attitude n_84_changed. Now, many psychologists think people can become more positive. There are many different ways to change. Here are some examples. First, think about gook events in your life. At the end of a day, a
42、sk,” What good things happened to me today?” Think about these things for a few minutes. Second, find interesting a_84_to do. Laugh at a funny movie or read a good book .Finally, always try new things. For example, you can talk to people you dont know or shop in a different store. Do different thing
43、s every day.A good life Life can be d_84_sometimes. Dont give up or be negative. Take action. Think about the future and make a plan. You can learn to be positive.【参考答案】into、supports、always、others、never、activities、difficult小结本文主要讲述了正面的积极的思考的重要性以及如何做到积极思考。本大题最难的词是82题。很多学生想不到support这个词。原因在于，support在考纲
44、中的解释为“支持”。但是，显然这个含义在此句中略显不通顺。其实，这是中文和英文的表达习惯上的差异。而现在首字母的考查趋势也强调词汇在语境中的运用。因此，平时应当加强阅读量，并且当发现词汇在语境中的运用，与我们中文习惯有差异时，应当着重注意。词汇积累：单词 词性含义单词词性含义positiveadj.积极的chancen.机会medicaladj.医学的organizationn.组织provev.证明advantagen.优势eventn.事件solvev.解决attituden.态度negativeadj.消极的worry about担心be likely to do有可能做give up放
45、弃练习7Have you seen the latest Hollywood movie Sherlock Holmes? Holmes is a character created by British writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. His books were so popular that Holmes s_81_became “the most famous detective in the world”. What do you need to be a good detective?Holmes is back! In the movie Sherlock Holmes, this great detective, faces a dangerous man, Lord Blackwood. Together with his best friend Dr. Watson, Holmes stops Blackwoods plan to c_82_the world with black “mag