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1、小学英语语法【一】一般现在时一、一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如： The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。二、一般现在时的构成1.be动词 ：肯定句： 主语+be(am,is,are)+ 其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：肯定句： 主语+行为动词 (+其它)。如： We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数 (h
2、e, she,it)时，要在动词后加 -s或-es。如： Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加 -s，如： cook-cooks, 2以 s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加 -es，如： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如： study-studies 特殊： have-has 三、一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句： 主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.
3、他不是工人。一般疑问句： Be +主语 +其它。如： -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句： 疑问词+一般疑问句。如： Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。否定句： 主语+ dont( doesnt ) + 动词原形 (+其它)。如： I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如： He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句： Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形 +其它。如： - Do you often play football? - Yes
4、, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句： 疑问词+一般疑问句？如： How does your father go to work? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - - 练习1.He often _(have) dinner at
5、home. 2.Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3.We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4.Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5._ they _(like) the World Cup? 6.What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7._ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8.The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9.She and I _(take) a w
6、alk together every evening. 10.There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11.Mike _(like) cooking. 12.They _(have) the same hobby. 13.My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14.You always _(do) your homework well. 15.I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16.She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17.Liu T
7、ao _(do) not like PE. 18.The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19.Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? It s Saturday.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - - 小学英语语法【二】现在进行时现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行
8、或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词 ing. 3现在进行时的否定句在be后加 not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词 ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词 + be + 动词 ing? 标志词： look now listen It s +点钟动词加 ing 的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如： cook-cooking 2以不发音的e 结尾，去e 加 ing，如： make-making, taste-tasting ,writ
9、ewriting , rideriding ,havehaving comecoming dance dancing liveliving taketaking skate skating 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：swimswimming beginbeginning run-running, sitsitting putputting getgetting shopshopping stop- stopping 现在进行时练习1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _
10、( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock
11、 now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - - 小学英语语法【三】一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、基
12、本结构 ：be going to + do；will+ do. 三、否定句：在 be 动词（ am, is, are）后加 not或情态动词 will 后加 not成 won t。例如： I m going to have a picnic this afternoon. I m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句：be或 will 提到句首， some改为 any, and 改为 or，第一二人称互换。例如： We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going
13、 to go on an outing this weekend? 五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。 Who 例如： I m going to New York soon. Who s going to New York soon. 2.问干什么 。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3.问什么时候。 When. 例如： She s g
14、oing to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 六、同义句： be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天） . = I will go swimming tomorrow. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - - 练习11.Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic t
15、his afternoon. 12.My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13.Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike. 14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 15.Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _(watch) TV and
16、_ (catch) insects. 16.What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm.What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows. 17.Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18.Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19.David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20.I _ (plan) for my study now 精
17、品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - - 小学英语语法【四】一般过去时一、一般过去时语法介绍1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt）are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren t）带有 was或 were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和
18、is, am, are一样，即否定句在 was或 were后加 not，一般疑问句把was或 were 调到句首。3句中没有 be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句： didn t +动词原形，如： Jim didn t go home yesterday.一般疑问句： 在句首加 did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 +did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如： Who went to home yesterday? 二、动词过去式变化规则1一
19、般在动词末尾加 -ed，如： pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是 e加 d，如： taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的，变 y 为 i， 再加-ed，如： study-studied 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - - 5不规则动词过去式：词义现在（原形）过去式词义现在（原形
20、）过去式是am, is (be) was 忘记forget forgot 是are (be) were 得到get got 成为become became 给give gave 开始begin began 走go went 弯曲bend bent 成长grow grew 吹blow blew 有have, has had 买buy bought 听hear heard 能can could 受伤hurt hurt 捕捉catch caught 保持keep kept 选择choose chose 知道know knew 来come came 学习learn learned, learnt 切c
21、ut cut 允许，让let let 做do, does did 躺lie lay 画draw drew 制造make made 饮drink drank 可以may might 吃eat ate 意味mean meant 感觉feel felt 会见meet met 发现find found 必须must must 飞fly flew 放置put put 读read read 将shall should 骑、乘ride rode 唱歌sing sang 响、鸣ring rang 坐下sit sat 跑run ran 睡觉sleep slept 说say said 说speak spoke 看
22、见see saw 度过spend spent 扫sweep swept 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - - （一） 用 be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ eleven
23、 years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 五、行为动词的过去时练习一（一）用行为动词的适当形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last
24、 week. 5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 19 页 - -
25、 - - - - - - - - 小学英语语法【五】 现在完成时1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响 。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。I m sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如 recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如：I haven t he
26、ard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。We haven t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday. 3）. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester. 6. have been to 和 have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He
27、 has been to the USA three times. 他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Wheres your mother? -你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. -她去医院了。一 结构1. 肯定句：主语 +have/has+动词的过去分词 +其他2. 否定句：主语 +have/has+not+ 动词的过去分词 +其他3. 一般疑问句： have/has+ 主语+动词的过去分词 +其他精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - -
28、 - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - - Yes, 主语+have/has. No , 主语+have/has+not 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +have/has+ 主语+动词的过去分词 +其他二 常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语注 意 :. 现 在 完 成 时 不 能 单 独 与 准 确 时 间 连 用 ， ( 如 表 示 过 去 的 时 间 状 语 ） 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon) 等，除非与 for, sinc
29、e连用. 1. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如 already （肯定） , yet （否定，疑问） , just, before, recently, still, lately，Just, already, yet, ever, never, before, twice(重复性时间 ) ， for+ 短时间， since+点时间， so far, how long 提问的疑问句中 . He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen
30、 that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ? 2. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如 ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several tim
31、es. 3. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用, 如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - - Up to the present everything has been successful.
32、 三 当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。 如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。1. 持续性动词 : 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。2. 瞬间性动词 : 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常
33、见的 -begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等3. 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier fo
34、r three years. （他参军已有 3 年了。）不用 has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、gobe away 2 、come be here 3、come backbe back 4、leave be away（be not here） 5 、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、die
35、 be dead 8、begin be on 9 、finishbe over 10、openbe open 11 、close be 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - - closed 12、lose be lost 13、get to know know 14、turn on be on 15、get up be up 16、sit down sit/beseated 17、join be in （）或 be amember 1
36、8 、become be 4. 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如：I haven t seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know . will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he? . already . never . ever . still 3、Have you met Mr. Li _？. just
37、 . ago .before .a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed; good . has changed ; better . changed; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this
38、 school for two years . . was; studying . will; study . has; studied . are; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United States
39、Really? When _ there? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - - . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. . Did; do; finished . Have; done; finished . Have; done; have
40、 finished . will; do; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in D. has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have mad 113、How long have you _ here ? About two months. . been . gone . come . Ar
41、rived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. . has begun . had begun . has been on . Began 15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . Was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office. she _ to the library. . has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years. . ha
42、ve been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His u
43、ncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 19 页 - -
44、- - - - - - - - 小学英语语法【六】 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。They were waiting for you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等你。过去进行时的构成：肯定形式：主语 +was/were+V-ing 否定形式：主语 +was not (wasnt)/were not (werent)+V-ing 疑问形式： Was/Were+ 主语+V-ing 。基本用法：1. 过
45、去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday)， when sb. did sth等时间状语从句，如： What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？ I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at th
46、e time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。 I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。2. when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while 后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如： When the car exploded I was walking past it.= While I was walking past the car it exploded. 3.when 用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不
47、到的动作发生了。如：I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4. when 作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如： I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。We were pla
48、ying outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较：一般过去时表示“在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态”，而过去进行时则表示“在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作”。如：Tom wrote a letter to his friend last night. 汤姆昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。（信写完了） Tom was writing a letter to his friend last night. 汤姆昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。（信不一定写完，只是强调了动作的延续性）。过去进行时和一般过去时的差别：一般过去时表
49、示“在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态”，而过去进行时则表示“在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作”。例如： I was reading an English novel last night. 昨晚我在看一本英文小说。（可能没看完）I read an English novel last night 我昨晚看了一本英文小说。（已经看完）二、 选择题。（）1. I _ cooked a meal when you _ me. a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rang c. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, r
50、ang （）2. He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time. a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try （）3. While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room. a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearing c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard （）4.They _ a football game from 7 to 9