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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Liaoning Normal University（）本科生毕业论文(设计)题 目：中英教育制度对比及其意义学 院： 外国语学院 专 业： 英语（师范）班级序号： 3班15号 学 号： 学生姓名： 指导教师： 专心-专注-专业The Comparison and Implication of Education Systems in China and UKA Thesis Submitted In Partial fulfillment for the Requirements of the Degree ofBACHELOR OF ARTSSchool of F
2、oreign LanguagesLIAONING NORMAL UNIVERSITYMay, 2009AbstractChina has a long history in education. The education system is being consummated gradually，While The Great Britain is the typical representative of western educator, who owns more advanced education system. Accompanying with the large extent
3、 of going abroad, it is necessary to think about the reason why so many Chinese students want to study abroad. So in the article, it is essential to compare the two education system. The article analysis the Chinese education system, and gives some personal suggestions.The most attractive point in C
4、hinese education system is that Chinese people emphasize the traditional knowledge, which makes the students have a solid foundation. It is obvious that children in our country learn more in the childhood. But the western students learn slowly. Innovation and creativity are the most different point
5、between the education systems. Sometimes, Chinese education limit students sense of innovation. The whole article has four parts: in the first chapter, it is the comparison of education system in china and UK. It contains Chinese education system and education system in UK. The two have their own me
6、rits and defects. In the chapter two, it is the higher education. It is divided into the high education in china and the higher education system in UK, and the third chapter is suggestions about improving Chinese education system.Keywords: Education System; Innovation; Independence; Suggestions摘 要中国
7、的教育历史十分悠久，教育体制也逐渐变化完善，而英国作为西方教育的代表，也拥有先进的教育体制，越来越多的学生选择在国外留学，所以，在本文中将两国教育体制进行对比，并对中国的教育体制进行评价、分析、并提出合理化建议。 中国教育制度的最大特点是重视传统教育，在这种教育方式下，中国学生的基础普遍比较扎实，但是英国的教育体制却令学习过程变得漫长，基础不扎实是英国学生的普遍特点。两国教育最大的不同点是创新和创造力。中国的高等教育由于注重学术氛围，往往实践部分不够，这就导致学生动手能力的匮乏，而英国的高等教育却恰恰相反。全文分做三个部分，第一部分将就两国的教育体制进行比较，优缺点比较。概括地说明西方教育的优
8、点包括重视学生学会独立思考,重视创新能力。第二部分着重讨论两国的高等教育，中国近些年来的发展变化对中国的教育体制的影响。在第三部分将就以上论述的基础上来表达对中国教育体制改革的建议。关键词：教育体制; 独立; 创新; 建议Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION.1Chapter One THE COMPARISON OF EDUCATION SYSTEM IN CHINA AND UK.31.1Chinese Education System.31.2 Education System in UK.5Chapter Two THE HIGHER EDUCATION.72.1
9、The High Education in China.72.2 The Higher Education System in UK.8Chapter Three SUGGESTIONS ABOUT IMPROVING CHINESE EDUCATION SYSTEM.103.1 Improving the Conception of Education.103.2 Improving the System Structure.11CONCLUSION.12Works Cited.14Acknowledgements.16INTRODUCTIONIn its broad sense, educ
10、ation refers to any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character, or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense education is the process by which society, through schools, colleges, universities, and other institutions, deliberately transmits its cultural herit
11、ageits accumulated knowledge, values, and skills-from one generation to another. The Peoples Republic of China has a nationwide system of public education, which includes primary schools, middle schools (lower and upper), and universities. Nine years of education is technically compulsory for all Ch
12、inese students. Education in China is the responsibility of the Ministry of Education. The education system provides free primary education for six years (some provinces may have 5 years for primary school but 4 years for middle school) , starting at age seven or six, followed by six years of second
13、ary education for ages 12 to 18. At this level, there are three years of middle school and three years of high school. The Ministry of Education reported a 99% attendance rate for primary school and an 80 percent rate for both primary and middle schools. Since free higher education was abolished in
14、1985, applicants to colleges and universities competed for scholarships based on academic ability. Private schools have been allowed since the early 1980s. The population has had on average only 6.2 years of schooling, but in 1986 the goal of nine years of compulsory education by 2000 was establishe
15、d.To provide for its population, China has a vast and varied school system. There are preschools, kindergartens, schools for the deaf and blind, key schools (similar to college preparatory schools), primary schools, secondary schools (comprising junior and senior middle schools, secondary agricultur
16、al and vocational schools, regular secondary schools, secondary teachers schools, secondary technical schools, and secondary professional schools), and various institutions of higher learning (consisting of regular colleges and universities, professional colleges, and short-term vocational universit
17、ies). In terms of access to education, Chinas system represented a pyramid; because of the scarcity of resources allotted to higher education, student numbers decreased sharply at the higher levels. Although there were dramatic advances in primary education after 1949, achievements in secondary and
18、higher education were not as great. Although the government has authority over the education system, the Chinese Communist Party has played a role in managing education since 1949. The party established broad education policies and under Deng Xiaoping, tied improvements in the quality of education t
19、o its modernization plan. The party also monitored the governments implementation of its policies at the local level and within educational institutions through its party committees. Party members within educational institutions, who often have a leading management role, are responsible for steering
20、 their schools in the direction mandated by party policy.Education in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter with each of the countries of the United Kingdom having separate systems under separate governments. The UK Government is responsible for Education in England with the Secretary of State for
21、 Children, Schools and Families and the Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills leading, though the day to day administration and funding of state schools is the responsibility of Local Education Authorities. The Scottish Government is responsible for Education in Scotland with th
22、e Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning leading. The Welsh Assembly Government is responsible for Education in Wales and the Northern Ireland Executive responsible for education in Northern Ireland with the Minister for Education, currently Caitrona Ruane (Sinn Fin), leading though r
23、esponsibility at a local level is administered by five Education and Library Boards.In each country, education, though not school attendance is mandatory and attendance at primary and secondary is nearly universal. Though most pupils are educated in state schools, there is also an important private
24、sector. Similarly, most universities in the United Kingdom are state funded, though there is one private university in England - the University of Buckingham - where students are required to pay all the costs without state support.There are a lot of differences between the education systems, which c
25、aused by a lot of reasons, such as culture differences, economic reasons, and concepts, etc.Chapter OneTHE COMPARISON OF EDUCATION SYSTEM IN CHINA AND UKChina has a long history in education. Education system has been evolved from generation to generation. But the most accomplished period is the one
26、 since 1960s, that is to say, after establishing, especially for adapting to the economic modernization. The post-Mao Zedong Chinese Communist Party leadership viewed education as the foundation of the Four Modernizations.1.1 Chinese Education SystemDeng Xiaopings far-ranging educational reform poli
27、cy, which involved all levels of the education system, aimed to narrow the gap between China and other developing countries. Modernizing education was critical to modernizing China. Devolution of educational management from the central to the local level was the means chosen to improve the education
28、 system. Centralized authority was not abandoned, however, as evidenced by the creation of the State Education Commission. Academically, the goals of reform were to enhance and universalize elementary and junior middle school education; to increase the number of schools and qualified teachers; and t
29、o develop vocational and technical education. A uniform standard for curricula, textbooks, examinations, and teacher qualifications was established, and considerable autonomy and variations in and among the autonomous regions, provinces, and special municipalities were allowed. Further, the system o
30、f enrollment and job assignment in higher education was changed, and excessive government control over colleges and universities was reduced.Nowadays the quality education has already arrested peoples attentions for its unique importance. The aim of quality education should be the dedication to impr
31、oving three special qualities among the students, that is, quality of the laborer, of the country, and of the nation. Quality Education has four aspects -Moral, Intellectual, Physical and Labor. Moreover, it is necessary to realize three great changes in the long process, that is, to change from mer
32、ely cultivating the minority students of topnotch to improving the quality of the collectivity, to change from merely emphasizing the intellectual education to the all-around one expanded to morality, phsique, aesthetics and labor, and to change from education of examination to that for the socialis
33、t modernization. All this embodies the urgent adaptation to the challenging competitions in the current society. So Quality Education can be seen as “the biggest leap” in the reform of education system.In China, education is always an important part of peoples life. The education is divided into thr
34、ee categories: basic education, higher education, and adult education. The Compulsory Education Law of stipulates that each child has nine years of formal education. Students enter a primary school, secondary school, college and university and then get degrees. Although, China has a great civilizati
35、on from old to now, its education system is not as perfect as we expect .Students study English, Chinese, math as their major courses, and then study biology, geography, history, politic, physical, chemistry and PE. Pupils curriculum is not as interesting as the UKs and the USAs, because during scho
36、ol, they are taught music, art and so on .As Chinese students, they have too much stress. They must study hard; otherwise there is no ways to a splendid future.The most attractive point in Chinese education system is that Chinese people emphasize the traditional knowledge, which makes the students h
37、ave a solid foundation. It is obvious that children in our country learn more in the childhood. But the western students learn slowly.Many schools manage the whole students strictly. Moreover, a large number of teachers are serious and responsible. Students are concentrated in the class and own stro
38、ng knowledge, which has a close relationship with the success in Olympiad competition.The defects are more in Chinese education system. Firstly, it lacks of cultivating students sense of innovation. The reason is that China is adopting the form of the exam-oriented education. Creative thinking, such
39、 as feeler guess, adventurous hypothesis and ways of thinking like intuition and inspiration, is the significant term to breakthrough common thinking. The rapid development of technology requires encyclopedia knowledge and breaking through the routine way of thinking. So it can change knowledge to t
40、he foundation of creativity. It is important for students to have creativity in society after they graduate. It is common that teachers in schools emphasize book knowledge, promote rote, use a standard answer, do a lot of exercises and cause suppression in personality development. So many students f
41、eel tied when they are learning the knowledge, even boring. Therefore, the creativity is out of mind day by day. That is to say, it is not true that Chinese students do not be born with sense of innovation. But it is disappearing under the influence of environment impact. Although it is better after
42、 the country adopt the Quality Education, it exists some dissatisfaction. According to survey, eighty percent of the students think Quality Education is not effective. They still consider that the country education does not cultivate the students ability. Students have some heavy burden as well. If
43、there is an appropriate environment providing spaces for students to develop their thirst for knowledge, it will improve students sense of innovation.Another defect of Chinese education system is that it can not cultivate students other abilities. Many students know about the knowledge, but they do
44、not know how to practice in reality. 1.2 British Education SystemIn UK, the purpose of school is to provide children with literacy and other basic skills. They will need to become active members of society, and also socialize. In Britain, ones courses decided his future. Where you are educated is st
45、ill very important to your life. And practical decision was carried out by local Education Authorities, located at regional or city levels, which based their policies on local condition while the central government only set broad education policy guidelines and provided funds. Some children go to in
46、dependent schools run by private organizations, for which their parents have to pay fees. A few go to public schools, such as Eton and Harrow. Younger children may attend a private preparatory school (or pre school) until the age of 13. Some parents may send their children to private schools, even if this is against their prin