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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上unit3 TextAFred Smith and FedEx: The vision that changed the world弗雷德史密斯与联邦快递：一个改变了世界的创想1 Every night several hundred planes bearing a purple, white, and orange design touch down at Memphis Airport, in Tennessee. What precedes this landing are package pick-ups from locations all over th
2、e United States earlier in the day. Crews unload the planes cargo of more than half a million parcels and letters. The rectangular packages and envelopes are rapidly reshuffled and sorted according to address, then loaded onto other aircraft, and flown to their destinations to be dispersed by hand m
3、any within 24 hours of leaving their senders. This is the culmination of a dream of Frederick W. Smith, the founder, president, chief executive officer, and chairman of the board of the FedEx Corp. known originally as Federal Express the largest and most successful overnight delivery service in the
4、world. Conceived when he was in college and now in its 28th year of operation, Smiths exquisite brainchild has become the standard for door-to-door package delivery.每天夜晚，在田纳西州的孟菲斯机场，都有几百架带着白、紫、桔色图案的飞机降落。而在每天此前的早些时候，这些飞机都在美国各地收集包裹。工作人员从飞机上卸下的包裹及信件数量超过五十万之巨。长方形的包裹和信封又在这里依据收件地址被迅速整理分拣，然后装载上其他飞机，飞往各自的目的
5、地，在那儿再由人工投递到这时很多邮件离开寄件人之手还不到24小时。这是弗雷德里克W.史密斯的终极梦想，他就是联邦快递集团（最初为联邦快递）这一全球最大、最成功的隔夜送达服务企业的创始人、总裁、首席执行官及董事会主席。如今，史密斯这一源于大学时代的妙想已在现实中经营到了第28个年头，并已成为包裹快递入户行业的标杆。2 Recognized as an outstanding entrepreneur with an agreeable and winning personality, Smith is held in high regard by his competitors as well
6、as his employees and stockholders. Fred Smith was just 27 when he founded FedEx. Now, so many years later, hes still the captain of the ship. He attributes the success of the company simply to leadership, something he deduced from his years in the military, and from his family.史密斯被公认为是一位和蔼可亲、性格迷人的杰出
7、企业家。无论是他的竞争者、员工，还是他公司股票的持有人，都对他十分敬重。弗雷德史密斯创建“联邦快递”时只有27岁。现在多年过去了，他仍然坐在“掌门人”的位置上。他将公司的成功简单地归因于领导力，而这一推论则来自于他的军旅生涯及其家庭的影响。7 Smith completed two tours in Vietnam, eventually flying more than 200 missions. In the military, leadership means getting a group of people to subordinate their individual desire
8、s and ambitions for the achievement of organizational goals, Smith says, fusing together his military and business experiences. And good leadership has very measurable effects on a companys bottom line.史密斯在越南战场上服役两期，完成了两百多次飞行任务。“在军队中，领导力意味着能使团队中所有成员将个人的期望与抱负置于从属地位，而以实现集体目标为重，”史密斯说道，这其中融合了他军旅生涯和经营管理的
9、经验。“而优秀的领导力对控制一个公司的盈亏底线来说具有相当重要的作用。”12 Although Smith avoids the media and the trappings of public life, he is said to be a friendly and accessible employer. He values his people and never takes them for granted. He reportedly visits FedExs Memphis site at night from time to time and addresses sorte
10、rs by name. For years he extended an offer to any courier with 10 years of service to come to Memphis for an anniversary breakfast. That embodies Fred Smiths philosophy: People, Service, Profit (P-S-P). Smith says, The P-S-P philosophy is like an unbroken circle or chain. There are no clearly defina
11、ble points of entry or exit. Each link upholds the others and is, in turn, supported by them. In articulating this philosophy and in personally involving himself in its implementation, Frederick Smith is the forerunner of the new sphere of leadership that success in the future will demand.尽管史密斯回避媒体采
12、访和公众生活的荣耀，但他却被称为是一位友善而平易近人的雇主。他重视自己的雇员，从不认为他们理所应当该为自己工作。有报道称，他会时不时在晚上造访联邦快递位于孟菲斯的基地，并且称名道姓地与包裹分拣人员打招呼。他会主动发邀请给任何一位已在公司服务十年的快递员，请他们到孟菲斯出席“周年庆典早餐”，这已经持续了很多年。而这其中包含了弗雷德史密斯自己的哲学：人员，服务，利润（P-S-P）。史密斯说，“P-S-P的哲学理念就好像一个不可分割的循环，没有清晰可辨的入口或出口，每一个环节都支持着其他环节，同时也反过来受其他环节支撑。”通过明确表达并亲身践行这一理念，弗雷德里克史密斯已成为未来成功所必需的新领导领
13、域的开拓者。近年来,随着互联网技术的迅猛发展,互联网经济已成为一个热门话题。以蓬勃发展的电子商务为代表的互联网经济已成为经济发展的重要引擎。我国政府高度重视发展互联网经济,提出了“互联网+”的概念,以推动互联网与医疗、交通、教育、金融、公共服务等领域的结合。这将为互联网经济的发展提供极大的发展潜力和更广阔的发展空间。随着“互联网+”战略的深入实施,互联网必将与更多传统行业进一步融合,助力打造“中国经济升级版”。Inrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofInternettechnology,theInterneteconomyhasbecomeahotissu
14、e.AsrepresentedbythepromisingE-commerce,theInterneteconomyhasbecomeastrongdrivingforcefortheeconomicdevelopment.OurgovernmentattachesgreatimportancetodevelopingtheInterneteconomyandproposestheconceptofInternetPlus,aimingtointegrateInternetwithotherindustries,suchashealthcare,transportation,education
15、,finance,andpublicservice.ThiswillcreategreatpotentialandbroadprospectsforthedevelopmentoftheInterneteconomy.WiththeimplementationoftheInternetPlusstrategy,theInternetiscertaintobeintegratedwithmoretraditionalindustriesandhelpbuildtheupgradedversionoftheChineseeconomy.unit4 TextAAchieving sustainabl
16、e environmentalism实现可持续性发展的环保主义2 There is a simple way. First, differentiate between environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. Luxuries are those things that would be nice to have if costless. Necessities are those things we must have regardless. Call this distinction the definitive rule
17、 of sane environmentalism, which stipulates that combating ecological change that directly threatens the health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. All else is luxury.有一种简便的方法。首先要区分什么是环境奢侈品，什么是环境必需品。奢侈品是指那些无需人类付出代价就能拥有的给人美好感受的东西。必需品则是指那些无论付出什么代价，都一定要去拥有的东西。这一区分原则可以被称为理性环保主义的至高原则。它规定，
18、对那些直接威胁人类健康与安全的生态变化采取应对措施是环境保护的必需品，而其他则都属于奢侈品。9 I like the caribou as much as the next person. And I would be rather sorry if their mating patterns were disturbed. But you cant have your cake and eat it too. And in the standoff of the welfare of caribou versus reducing an oil reliance that gets peop
19、le killed in wars, I choose people over caribou every time.我像别人一样喜欢驯鹿。如果他们的交配模式受到干扰，我会感到非常遗憾。但是，鱼和熊掌不能兼得。是要保护驯鹿，还是要为了避免人们在战争中丧生而减少对石油的依赖，面对这一僵局，我每次都会选择人类而不是驯鹿。10 I feel similarly about the spotted owl in Oregon. I am no enemy of the owl. If it could be preserved at a negligible cost, I would agree t
20、hat it should be biodiversity is after all necessary to the ecosystem. But we must remember that not every species is needed to keep that diversity. Sometimes aesthetic aspects of life have to be sacrificed to more fundamental ones. If the cost of preserving the spotted owl is the loss of livelihood
21、 for 30,000 logging families, I choose the families (with their saws and chopped timber) over the owl.我对俄勒冈州的斑点猫头鹰的态度也是一样。我绝不是仇视猫头鹰。如果花很少的代价就可以保护猫头鹰，我会赞同它应受保护毕竟，生物多样性对生态系统是非常必要的。但是，我们必须记住，保持生物多样性并不意味着要留住每一种物种。有时候，为了更加根本的利益，我们不得不牺牲一部分生活中美的东西。如果为了保护斑点猫头鹰而让三万伐木工家庭失去生计，我会选择伐木工家庭（包括他们的锯子和砍伐的木材），而不是猫头鹰。11
22、 The important distinction is between those environmental goods that are fundamental and those that are not. Nature is our ward, not our master. It is to be respected and even cultivated. But when humans have to choose between their own well-being and that of nature, nature will have to accommodate.
23、重要的是，我们要区分哪些东西对环境保护是根本性的，哪些是非根本性的。自然受我们的监护，而不是我们的主人。我们应该尊重自然，也可以开发利用自然。但是，如果人类必须在自身的福利和自然的福利之间作出选择，自然则必须作出让步。苏州园林是中国古典园林最杰出的代表,大部分为私家所有。苏州园林始于春秋,兴于宋元,盛于明清。清末苏州已有各色园林170余处,为其赢得了“园林之城”的称号。现保存完好的园林有60多处,对外开放的有十余处。其中沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园和留园分别代表着宋、元、明、清四个朝代的艺术风格,被称为“苏州四大名园”。苏州园林宅园合一,可赏,可游,可居,其建筑规制反应力中国古代江南民间的生活方式和
24、礼仪习俗。苏州园林不仅是历史文化的产物,同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。1997年,苏州园林被联合国教科文组织列入“世界遗产名录”SuzhougardensarethemostoutstandingrepresentativesofclassicalChinesegardens.Mostofthemwereprivately-owned.ThegardensfirstappearedintheSpringandAutumnPeriod,developedintheSongandYuandynasties,andflourishedintheMingandQingdynasties.Bythel
25、ateQingDynasty,Suzhouhadgotasmanyasover170gardensofdiversestyles,Winningitthename“TheCityofGardens”.Now,over60gardensarekeptingoodcondition,ofwhichmorethan10areOpentothepublic.TheSurgingWavePavilion,theLionGroveGarden,theHumbleAdministratorsGardenandtheLingeringGardenarecalledthefourmostfamousgarden
26、sinSuzhourepresentingtheartisticstylesoftheSong,Yuan,MingandQingdynastiesrespectively.Suzhougardensareassembliesofresidencesandgardens,whichmakesthemsuitableplacesforliving,visitingandappreciating.ThearchitecturalprinciplesoflthegardensareademonstrationofthelifestylesandsocialcustomsoftheancientChin
27、esepeopleinthesouthoftheLowerYangtzeRiver.SuzhougardensarenotonlyaproductofChinesehistoryandculture,butalsoacarrieroftraditionalChineseideologyandculture.In1997,SuzhougardenswereinscribedontheWorldHeritageListbyUNESCO.unit5 TextASpeaking Chinese in America在美国说中文12 As any child of immigrant parents k
28、nows, there is a special kind of double bind attached to knowing two languages. My parents, for example, spoke to me in both Chinese and English; I spoke back to them in English.生于移民家庭的孩子都清楚，有一种特殊的两难境地与说两种语言的生活联系在一起。比如我父母，他们和我说话时中文和英文都用，但我和他们说话时只用英文。20 Having listened to both Chinese and English, Im
29、 suspicious of comparisons between the two languages, as I notice the reciprocal challenges they each present. English speakers say Chinese is extremely difficult because different words can be denoted by very subtle variations in tone. English is often bracketed with the label of inconsistency, a l
30、anguage of too many broken rules.由于一直同时听着中英文两种语言，故而我对它们之间的任何对比总是心存怀疑，因为我注意到它们各自都有对方所没有的难点。说英文的人会认为中文极其难，因为中文用非常微妙的声调变化就可以表示不同的词语。而英文则常常被认为缺乏一致性，因为英文具有太多不合规则的用法。22 I worry that the dominant society may see Chinese people from a limited perspective, hedging us in with the stereotype. I worry that the
31、seemingly innocent stereotype may lead to actual intolerance and be part of the reason why there are few Chinese in top management positions, or in the main judiciary or political sectors. I worry about the power of language: If one says anything enough times, it might become true, with or without m
32、alicious intent.我担心主流社会可能会从一个狭隘的角度、以一种成见看待中国人。我担心这种看似无害的成见实际会导致人们对中国人难以容忍，并成为中国人在高层管理职位或主要的司法及政府部门寥寥无几的部分原因。我担心语言的力量，即如果一个人将一件事说了很多遍，无论其是否有恶意，这件事都会变成事实。中华文明曾对世界文明产生过重大影响。近年来,随着我国经济的发展和国际地位的提升,历史悠久的中国文化正引起世界新的关注。越来越多的中国元素为当今世界时尚、文学、影视作品等提供了创作灵感,成为热门题材。这一现象表明,世界需要中国文化。在这种背景下,我国决定实施文化“走出去”大力推动了我国文化产业的发
33、展,正成为提升我国国家形象和综合实力的有效途径。Chinesecivilizationoncehadasignificantinfluenceonworldcivilization.Withthedevelopmentofourcountryseconomyandtheriseofherinternationalstatusinrecentyears,Chineseculture,whichhasalonghistory,isonceagainattractingglobalattention.MoreandmoreChineseculturalelementsprovideinspirati
34、onforandbecomepopularsubjectsoffashions,literatureandmoviesaroundtheworld.ThisshowsthattheworldneedsChineseculture.ItwasinthiscontextthatChinadecidedtoimplementthe“CultureExporting”strategysoastoenhanceherculturalexchangeswiththerestoftheworld.Afterseveralyearsefforts,greatachievementshavebeenmadein
35、thisrespect.“CultureExporting”hasgreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofourculturalindustries.ItisbecominganeffectiveapproachthroughwhichChinaenhanceshernationalimageandcomprehensivestrength.unit8 TextAA meaningful life有意义的人生3 I left New York soon after that, but one day got a call from Henry. He talked wit
36、h me about his work. I knew that for over a century, the animal rights movement had been putting out graphic brochures, leaflets, and audio propaganda, alerting people to the dreadful experiments on animals. But in all that time, the number of animals used in experiments had risen from a small batch
37、 of a few hundred to more than 30 million. No activist had managed to stop a single experiment or improve the lives of animals living in tiny, constricted enclosures. Henry changed that. One of his earliest campaigns permanently closed down a laboratory conducting experiments with toxic vapor on abo
38、ut 60 rabbits.在那之后，我很快就离开了纽约。但是有一天，我接到了亨利的电话。他和我聊起了他的工作。我知道，一个多世纪以来，动物权益运动的倡导者一直通过散发带图画的手册、传单以及音频宣传材料，来引起公众对那些可怕的动物实验的关注。但与此同时，用于实验的动物数量从原来区区几百骤增到三千多万。没有哪位活动家曾成功阻止过一项实验或改善了蜗居在狭小困笼中的动物的生活。亨利却改变了这一切。他早期的运动之一就是使一间用毒蒸汽在大约60只兔子身上做实验的实验室被永久关闭。6 We often assume that society has become too big and too burea
39、ucratic for individuals to make a difference. How could one individual, however humane and passionate, possibly bring about change in the face of powerful global corporations, ministerial indifference and complicated parliamentary rules?我们经常认为社会已经变得太大、太官僚，从而个体不可能改变它。在面对强大的跨国公司、冷漠的执政部门和众多复杂的议会规则时，单单一
40、个人，不管他多么具有人道主义，多么富有激情，又如何能促成改变呢？13 One essential mark of living well is to be satisfied with ones accomplishments when taking a retrospective look at life, and to be able to accept death and face infinity calmly. Henrys life seemed to lack many of the things that most of us take for granted as essen
41、tial to a good life. He never married, or had a long-term, live-in relationship. He had no children or successors. He never went to concerts, to the theater, or to fine restaurants. He didnt bring antibiotics to the needy or vaccinate the poor. He was never called a hero like the caped crusaders of
42、our comic books. There is no fancy stone for him at the cemetery after his death. He just cared for the weakest creatures in his society. What gave Henry Spiras life depth and purpose? What did he and others find meaningful in the way he lived his life?一个人活得好的一个根本标志就是，在他回首自己人生的时候，他对自己的成就感到满意，而且能够冷静地
43、接受死亡、面对永恒。亨利的人生似乎缺少了我们大多数人想当然地认为美好人生所必须具备的很多东西。他一生未婚，也从未经历过长期的恋爱同居关系；他没有孩子或别的继承人；他从来不去音乐会、剧院或高级饭店；他也没有给生活艰难者带去抗生素或是给贫困者接种疫苗。他从来没有像我们的漫画书中那些披着斗篷的社会改革家那样被称为英雄。他死后墓地上也没有什么精致的墓碑。他只是关心社会中脆弱的生灵。是什么让亨利斯皮拉的生活富有深度、目标明确呢？在他的这种生活中，他，以及其他人，又发现了什么有意义的东西呢？近年来,社会的发展和就业形势的变化对大学生提出了更高的要求。越来越多的大学生不再局限于书本知识的学习,他们开始走出“
44、象牙塔”,利用业余时间积极投身于社会实践活动。通过社会实践活动,大学生可以更多的了解社会,增强社会责任感,提高分析问题和解决问题的能力。同时,参加社会实践活动还可以帮助学生认识到自身的不足,明确未来努力的方向。所有这些都将为他们积累社会阅历和工作经验,为未来的就业或创业打下良好的基础。In recent years, the social development andchanges in employment situation have put higherrequirements on college students. Instead ofconfining themselves to
45、 the knowledge in books,more and more college students are stepping-outof the “Ivory Tower” and taking an active partin social practice in their spare time. Throughsocial practice, college students can have a deeperunderstanding of society, increase their sense ofsocial responsibility, and improve t
46、heir analyticaland problem-solving abilities. Meanwhile, takingpart in social practice can also help studentsrecognize their own shortcomings and have a clearidea about where they are to go in the future. Allthese benefits will help them build up social andwork experience, which will lay a solid foundationfor them in finding jobs or starting their ownbusinesses in the future.专心-专注-专业