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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上酸碱平衡和水电解质紊乱acid-base disorders 酸碱失衡 acid-base balance 酸碱平衡 acute/chronic acidosis 急性/慢性酸中毒 acidemia 酸血症acute/chronic alkalosis 急性/慢性碱中毒 alkalemia 碱血症simple acid-base disorder 单纯性酸碱失衡mixed acid-base disorder 混合性酸碱失衡buffer system 缓冲对系统 anion gap 阴离子间隙delta gap 阳离子间隙 respiratory acidosis 呼
2、酸respiratory alkalosis 呼碱 metabolic acidosis 代酸metabolic alkalosis 代碱 hypochloremia 低氯血症hyperchloremia 高氯血症 hypoxemia 低氧血症hyperoxemia 高氧血症 hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypercalcemia 高钙血症 hypokalemia 低钾血症hyperkalemia 高钾血症 hyponatremia 低钠血症hypernatremia 高钠血症 magnesium deficiency 镁缺乏magnesium excess 镁过多 hypomagnes
3、emia 低镁血症hypermagnesemia 高镁血症 hypophosphatemia 低磷血症hyperphosphatemia 高磷血症 hypercapnia 高碳酸血症posthypercapnic metabolic alkalosis 高碳酸血症后碱中毒diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒 uremia 尿毒症lactic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒saline-responsive alkalosis 盐水反应性碱中毒saline-resistant alkalosis 盐水抵抗性碱中毒isotonic dehydration 等渗性缺水 hypo
4、tonic dehydration 低渗性缺水hypertonic dehydration 高渗性缺水edema 水肿water intoxication 水中毒休克shock 休克 hemorrhagic shock 失血性休克traumatic shock 创伤性休克 septic shock脓毒性休克shock lung 休克肺 shock kidney 休克肾软组织感染furuncle 疖 paronychia 甲沟炎 erysipelas 丹毒 acute phlegmon 急性蜂窝织炎 acute lymphangitis 急性淋巴管炎acute lymphadenitis急性淋巴
5、结 furunculosis 疖病 carbuncle 痈abscess 脓肿 acute ulcer急性溃疡 chronic ulcer 慢性溃疡fistula cannulas瘘管 sinus tract 窦道 felon 脓性指头炎外科营养肠外营养 parenteral nutrition 或 intravenous nutrition肠内营养 enteral nutrition 代谢性并发症 metabolic complications胆汁淤积 cholestasis 基础能量消耗 basal energy expenditure BEE误吸 aspiration 腹泻 diarrh
6、ea外科手术手术刀 scalpel 刀片 blade刀柄 hilt 手术剪 surgical scissors止血钳 hemostatic forceps 直血管钳 straight clamp弯血管钳 Kelly clamp 蚊式止血钳 mosquito forceps有齿止血钳 kocher forceps 手术镊 forceps组织钳 tissue forceps or allis forceps 持针器 needle holder缝合针 suture needle 拉钩 retractor巾钳 towel clip 环钳 ring forceps不可吸收缝线 nonabsorbable
7、 suture 丝线 silk suture切开 incision 剥离 dissection止血 hemostasis 结扎 ligation缝合 suture 剪线 cutting suture拆线 removing suture 引流 drainage骨科arthro-关节 articulo-关节 cranio-颅osteo-骨 burso-囊 chondro-软骨costo-肋骨 myelo-骨髓 spondylo-椎骨thoraco-胸的 vertebra-椎骨 fascio-筋膜teno/tendo/tendino-肌 -kinesia 运 -porosis 多孔 -trophy
8、发育 -malacia 软化1、 中轴骨 AXIAL BONESbone n.骨 rib n.肋 vertebrae n.椎骨cervical vertebrae 颈椎 thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 sternum n.胸骨sacrum n.骶骨 coccyx 尾骨sternal manubrium 胸骨柄 xiphoid process 剑突atlas n.寰椎 axis n.枢椎sternal angle 胸骨角 thoracic cage 胸廓2、颅SKULLskull n. parietal bone 顶骨 frontal bone
9、额骨occipital bone 枕骨 emporal bone 颞骨 sphenoid bone 蝶骨ethmoid bone 筛骨 mandible n.下颌骨hyoid bone 舌骨 vomer n.犁骨 maxilla n.上颌骨 palatine bone 腭骨nasal bone 鼻骨 lacrimal bone 泪骨 zygomatic bone 颧骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲 orbit n.眶coronal suture冠状缝 sagital suture 矢状缝 lambdoid suture 人字缝 cranial fontanelle 颅囟2、
10、 附肢骨TARSAL BONES AND EXTREMITAL BONESclavicle n.锁骨 scapula n.肩胛 humerus n.肱骨 radius n.桡骨 ulna n.尺骨 carpal bone 腕骨metacarpal bone 掌骨 phalanges n.指骨，趾骨hip bone 髋骨 ilium n.髂骨 ischium n.坐骨 pubis n.耻骨 femur n.股骨 patella n.髌骨tibia n.胫骨 fibula n.腓 骨 tarsal bone 跗骨 metatarsal bone 跖骨4、关节韧带flexion n.屈 extens
11、ion n. 伸展 adduction n.收 medial rotation 旋内 lateral rotation 旋外 pronation n旋前.supination n.旋后 circumduction n.环转 vertebral column脊柱temporal-mandibular joint 颞下颌关节articulation n.关节 ligament n.韧带intervertebral disc 椎间盘 shoulder joint 肩关节elbow joint 肘关节 radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节pelvis n.骨盆 hip joint 髋关节 kn
12、ee joint 膝关节ankle joint 踝关节 arthrography n.关节造影 compacta n.骨密度 epiphysis n.骨骺 ossification n.骨化synovial joints 滑膜关节 fibrous纤维连结 syndesmosis韧带连结 cartilaginous joints 软骨连结 articular surface (cavity)关节面(腔) suture缝articular disk关节盘 articular labrum 关节唇 articular capsule关节囊 extracapsular ligament 囊外韧带 in
13、tracapsular ligament 囊内韧带 yellow ligament黄韧带 fibrous layer (membrane)纤维层，纤维膜 synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层，滑膜 ynovial fold (villi)滑膜襞 synovial fluid滑液 circumduction环转运动 vertebral joints椎骨连结ionterspinous ligament棘间韧带 intertransverse ligament横突间韧带 Intervertebral symphysis椎间联合 interverbral discs椎间盘 Fib
14、rous rings纤维环 Pulpiform nucleus髓核 Anterior longitudinal前纵韧带 Posterior longitudinal后纵韧带 Zygapophysial joint关节突关节 Lumbosacral joint 腰骶连结 Costovertebral joints肋椎关节 Joint of costal head肋头关节 Lambdoid suture人字缝Costotransverse joint 肋横突关节 Cranial suture 颅缝 Sternocostal joints胸肋关节 Coronal (sagittal) suture冠
15、矢状缝 Synchondroses of cranium颅结合 Temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节 joints of shoulder girdle上肢带连结 coracoacromial ligament喙间韧带Coracoclavicular ligament喙锁韧带 Acromioclavicular joint肩锁关节 Elbow joint肘关节Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节 Shoulder joint肩关节 Humeroulnar joint肱尺关节 Joints of hand手关节 Humeroradial joint肱桡关节 R
16、adiocarpal joint ,wrist joint桡腕关节，腕关节 Intercarpal joints腕骨间关节 Carpometacarpal joints腕掌关节 Carpometacarpal joint of thumb拇指腕掌关节 Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节 Metacarpophalangeal joints掌指关节 Interphalangeal joints of hand指骨间关节 Joints of pelvic girdle下肢带连结 Pubic symphysis耻骨联合 Interpubic disc耻骨间盘 Obturator
17、membrane闭孔膜 Sacroiliac joints骶髂关节 Pelvis骨盆 Sacrotuberous ligament骶结节韧带 Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen坐骨大(小)孔 Terminal line界线 Greater (lesser) pelvis大小骨盆 Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture骨盆上下口 Pubic arch耻骨弓 Subpubic angle耻骨下角 Pelvic cavity骨盆腔 Joints of free lower limb自由下肢连结 Hip joint髋关节 Knee joi
18、nt膝关节 Transverse acetabular lig.髋臼横韧带 Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带 Medial (lateral) meniscus内外侧半月板 Transverse ligament of knee膝横韧带 Anterior cruciate ligament前交叉韧带 Posterior cruciate ligament后交叉韧带 Fibular (tibial) collateral ligament 腓(胫)侧副韧带 Ligament of patella髌韧带 Tibiofibular joint胫腓关节 Tibiofibu
19、lar syndesmosis 胫腓连结 Crural interosseous membrane小腿骨间膜 Joints of foot足关节 ankle joint，踝关节talocrural joint,距小腿关节 intertarsal joints跗骨间关节 subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint距下关节距跟关节 transverse tarsal joint跗横关节 talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节 tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节 transverse arch横弓intermetatarsal
20、 joints跖骨间关节 metatarsophalangeal joint跖趾关节 interphalangeal joints of foot跖骨间关节 arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch足弓，跗跖弓 medial (lateral) longitudinal arch内(外)侧纵弓 其他Arthrosclerosis关节硬化 Chondromalacia软骨软化症 Degenerated Joint Disease变性关节炎 Bone graft 骨移植Clavicle Fracture 锁骨骨折 Pelvic Fracture 骨盆骨折Plastic
21、Paris Cast 整形硬石膏 Amputation 截肢Matastatic Lesion转移性损害 Osteoporosis骨质疏松症 Prosthesis Replacement 人工弥补置换术腹部脏器Stomach 胃 Liver 肝 Small intestine 小肠Colon 结肠（ascending，transverse，descending，sigmoid）Duodenum 十二指肠 Jejunum 空肠 Ileum 回肠Pancreas 胰 Spleen 脾 Bile duct 胆管Gallbladder 胆囊 Kidney 肾 Rectum 直肠Cecum 盲肠 lar
22、ge intestine 大肠vermiform appendix阑尾 anal canal 肛管辅助检查Abdominocentesis 腹腔穿刺 Urinalysis 尿分析 Abdominal ultrasonography 腹部超声检查Barium enema 钡灌肠 Barium swallow 钡餐Liver biopsy 肝活检 Stool culture 粪检Retrograde pyelogram 逆行肾盂造影Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography经内镜逆行性胆胰管造影Blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮Uri
23、ne culture and sensitivity 尿培养和敏感试验Urinalysis 尿分析内镜Gastroscopy 胃窥镜 Enteroscopy 小肠内镜Colonoscopy 结肠内镜 Cystoscopy 膀胱镜ureteroscope 输尿管镜术式Highly selective vagotomy 高选择性迷走神经切断术Gastrojejunostomy 胃空肠吻合术Truncal vagotomy 迷走神经切断术 Laparotomy 开腹Enterectomy 肠切除术 Appendectomy 阑尾切除术Choledochectomy 胆总管切除术 Colectomy
24、结肠切除术 Cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术 Colostomy 结肠造瘘Subtotal gastrectomy 胃大部切除术Pancreatoduodenectomy 胰十二指肠切除术Right/left hemicolectomy 右/左半结肠切除术Abdominoperineal resection 腹会阴联合直肠癌切除术Low anterior resection 直肠低位前切除术Hepatectomy 肝切除术 Nephrectomy 肾切除术Nephron sparing surgery 保留肾单位手术Ureteroneocystostomy 膀胱输尿管吻合术orchi
25、ectomy ; testectomy 睾丸切除术ureterectomy 输尿管切除术cystectomy 膀胱切除术cysto-urethral anastomosis膀胱输尿管吻合术partial or radical nephrectomy 局部/根治性肾切除术PCNL：percutaneous nephrostolithotomy 经皮肾取石术ESWL: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 体外冲击波碎石术Surgical exploration 手术探查心胸外valve prosthesis 人工瓣膜 bicuspid 二尖瓣 tricusp
26、id valve 三尖瓣pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣 aortic valve主动脉瓣 ventricle 心室atrium pl.atrial 心房 interatrial心房间的 atrioventricular房室的intrventricular心室间的 atrial septum 房间隔ventricuar septum 室间隔 angiography 血管造影aortography 主动脉造影 pneumotharax ；aerothorax 气胸 tension pneumotharax 张力性气胸pleural effussion胸腔积液 hydrothorax 胸腔积
27、液puncture 穿刺 thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术 drainage引流closed thoracic drainage 闭式胸腔引流 mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄rheumatic valve disease 风湿性瓣膜病 aortic stenosis动脉硬化mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣反流 valvuloplasty瓣膜成形术aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄 aortic regurgitation 主动脉反流arteriosclerosis动脉粥样硬化 intravenous 静脉内的hemorrhage出血 hematu
28、ria血尿angi/o血管 vas/o血管 vascul/o血管 aort/o主动脉arter/o arteri/o动脉 ather/o动脉phleb/o静脉 ven/o静脉 thromb/o血栓 venule微静脉arteriole微动脉 angiostenosis血管狭窄ischemia缺血 vena cava腔静脉神外大脑：cerebrum 间脑：diencephalon脑桥：brain stem 中脑：midbrain 脑桥：pons 延髓：medulla oblongata小脑：cerebellum 回：convolution gyri 沟：sulci 胼胝体：corpus call
29、osum 横裂：transvers fissue 额叶：Frontal lobe 顶叶：Parietal lobe 颞叶：Temporal lobe枕叶：Occipital lobe 蛛网膜：Arachnoid matter 蛛网膜下腔：Subarachnoid spaceOlfactory N 嗅神经 Optic 视神经Oculomotor 动眼神经 Trochlear 滑车神经Trigeminal 三叉神经 Abducens 外展神经Facial 面神经 Vestibulocochlear 前庭蜗神经Glossopharyngeal 舌咽神经 Vagus 迷走神经Accessory 副神经
30、 Hypoglossal 舌下神经Spinal nerve 脊神经 anterior root前根 posterior root 后根 spinal ganglion脊神经节8对颈神经cervical nerves 12对胸神经thoracic nerves 5对腰神经lumbar nerves 5对骶神经sacral nerves 1对尾神经coccygeal nerves神经丛：颈丛 cervical plexus 臂丛 brachial plexus 胸神经前支 anterior branch of the thoracic nerve 腰丛 lumbar plexus 骶丛 sacra
31、l plexus段落翻译-乳腺mastitis 乳腺炎 retromammary abscess 乳房后脓肿breast sarcoma 乳房肉瘤 breast cancer 乳腺癌inflammatory breast carcinoma 炎性乳腺炎radical mastectomy 乳腺癌根治术extensive radical mastectomy 乳腺癌扩大根治术modified radical mastectomy 乳腺癌改良根治术total mastectomy 全乳房切除术lumpectomy and axillary dissection 保留乳房的乳腺癌切除术胃肠疾病（课件）、骨折（课件）、甲状腺（那一本） 还是看课件吧gastro-duodenal disease 胃十二指肠疾病 peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻 volvulus 肠扭转Colorectal Cancer 结肠直肠癌 anal fissure 肛裂Fistula 瘘，瘘管 Hemorrhoid 痔疮anorectal abscess 肛门直肠脓肿 专心-专注-专业